Premise Research Articles

A Conceptualist Reading of the Continuity Argument

In this paper I analyze the non-conceptualist continuity argument to show that it implies an implausible conception of perceptual experience in animals that are supposed to lack concepts. In order to do this, I show the limitations and implicit premises in the traditional formulations of the argument, and the additional premises needed to use it as an objection against conceptualism. Then, I review studies in cognitive neuroscience, ethology, comparative psychology, developmental psychology, and philosophical considerations to show that the argument implies a conception of animal experience that is at odds with our scientific theories and even with the motivations for adopting non-conceptualism. I conclude that, if we wish to defend the continuity between adult human’s and other animal’s experiences, we should do it by attributing concepts to the latter.

국민연금 재정은 정부 재정과 분리되어 있나?

For a long time, the national pension reform debates has presumed that national pension system is independent of the government’s finances and operates within the revenues from premiums paid by pension members and fund’s investment return. By showing that the national pension is part of the government’s general revenue, the present study challenges this presumptions and proves that this implicit premise is incorrect. To do so, it describes the fiscal processes of the government and the national pension in great detail. This suggests that the issue of sustainability of the national pension be discussed in a broader perspective, including the question of the range of income which should be subject to tax and pension premiums. This is because a major source of instability of the national pension system in Korea is due to the limited income (payrolls) that can be subject to pension premiums.

Novel Adaptive Control for Flexible-Joint Robots With Unknown Measurement Sensitivity

For the existing tracking control schemes of flexible-joint robots, precise sensor measurement is an implicit premise. However, idealized sensors are difficult to achieve due to manufacturing technology or other external factors. To this end, this paper further investigates the tracking control problem for flexible-joint robots with unknown measurement sensitivity. Specifically, for such multi-input multi-output Euler-Lagrange systems with completely unknown system dynamics, a novel measurement values-based adaptive control method is proposed by fusing sensitivity information and system variables into Lyapunov function candidates, where the restriction on system states in other the approximation lemma-based results is removed, since unknown nonlinearities are scaled by the structural characteristics of system variables. Above all, even if there are measurement errors, satisfactory tracking performance can be obtained by adjusting the design parameters, which is proved by rigorous theoretical analysis. Finally, hardware experiments further verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —This work is motivated by the trajectory tracking control problem for flexible-joint robots under imprecise sensor measurements. Due to manufacturing technology limitations and component aging, there is inevitably a deviation between the measured values of sensors and real values, and this problem may become more prominent as the working environment of flexible-joint robots tends to become more complex. To our knowledge, most of the existing solutions for flexible-joint robots are developed based on precise sensor measurements, and they may fail to achieve satisfactory performance when real state information is not available. Moreover, the prior knowledge about model parameters and measurement sensitivity is difficult or impossible to exactly obtain in practice, which seriously hinders the further application of control methods that are dependent on system dynamics. To this end, this paper proposes a novel tracking control scheme based on measurement information for flexible-joint robots with unknown measurement sensitivity, where the dependence on model information is eliminated with the elaborately constructed Lyapunov function candidates, and the real tracking error is still adjusted to an acceptable range even if there are measurement errors. Preliminary experiments on a flexible-joint robot developed by Quanser company demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. In future studies, designing an effective scheme to achieve direct preset tracking control is the focus of the work.

Argumentation Schemes for Blockchain Deanonymisation

Cryptocurrency forensics have become standard tools for law enforcement. Their basic idea is to deanonymise cryptocurrency transactions to identify the people behind them. Cryptocurrency deanonymisation techniques are often based on premises that largely remain implicit, especially in legal practice. On the one hand, this implicitness complicates investigations. On the other hand, it can have far-reaching consequences for the rights of those affected. Argumentation schemes could remedy this untenable situation by rendering the underlying premises more transparent. Additionally, they can aid in critically evaluating the probative value of any results obtained by cryptocurrency deanonymisation techniques. In the argumentation theory and AI community, argumentation schemes are influential as they state the implicit premises for different types of arguments. Through their critical questions, they aid the argumentation participants in critically evaluating arguments. We specialise the notion of argumentation schemes to legal reasoning about cryptocurrency deanonymisation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of the resulting schemes through an exemplary real-world case. Ultimately, we envision that using our schemes in legal practice can solidify the evidential value of blockchain investigations, as well as uncover and help to address uncertainty in the underlying premises—thus contributing to protecting the rights of those affected by cryptocurrency forensics.

Нарушает ли перераспределение доходов категорический императив?

In Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick made the argument that income redistribution violates the Kantian categorical imperative. Nozick’s retrospective enslavement argument is still used today in discussions about the moral justification of taxation. This article explicates four implicit premises of Nozick’s argument: the self-ownership principle, its fullness, the absence of restrictions on the appropriation of natural resources, and the absence of restrictions on the distribution of the fruits of cooperation. Without additional justification for each of these premises, Nozick’s argument cannot show that income redistribution violates the categorical imperative.

Addressing Urgencies of Democratic Interaction in the Public Spherean: Attempt to Facilitate Disagreement on Audience Dramaturgies of Disagreement

In the research project 'Dramaturgies of Disagreement in Contemporary Theatre,' I examined how theatre performances dramaturgically work with substantial disagreement within audiences and non audiences. In the first part of this article, I present and discuss the cultural politi cal context, the societal backdrop, and the agenda of this research. I argue for the need to deal critically with normative prem ises and closures in this research. In the second part, I exemplify how a move from a normative point of departure towards a more descriptive approach may be realised. I start this part by presenting the applied sociological theory of communities of disa greements (Iversen 2014), before I describe, analyse, and compare three Norwegian par ticipatory performances from recent years. I propose the metaphorical terms of theatre as either arena , laboratory, or catalyst for communities of disagreement to highlight differences between the dramaturgical approaches. I further examine how the rela tion between the limited public space of the theatre and the wider public sphere is con ceptualised differently in the three cases. Finally, I relate the analysed dramaturgies to a spectrum of political theory that spans from deliberative to agonistic democracy to further illuminate and facilitate legit imate disagreement on dramaturgies of disagreement. Art does not need any justification. Yet public funding of the arts in democratic societies is dependent on such justifica tions. And no public funding results in poor conditions for the arts. That means, art is dependent on justifications after all. As a theatre researcher, I contribute to the form ation, affirmation, and negotiation of such justifications, whether I am aware of it and intentionally partake or not. The Nordic welfare states are known for their (relatively) extensive support of the arts. However, the traditionally pre sumed societal consensus on this support has been showing signs of weakness for a while. Hence, the Arts Council Norway and the Danish Arts Foundation11 have called attention to the need for renewed strategies of legitimisation. Their latest research pro gramme, 'Arts and Social Communities,' has been motivated by this need. My research into dramaturgies of disagreement in con temporary theatre has been funded by this programme. What I present and discuss in this article reflects my experiences of con tributing to this programme.

Double Gain of Efficient UV‐C Phosphor and Fast Scintillator Based on Pr3+‐doped KY3F10 Nano‐Glass Composites

AbstractGlassy phosphors offer a promising opportunity to overcome the limits of polycrystalline counterparts, thanks to their merits including excellent optical transparency, abandonment of organic binders, and capability of drawing fibers, etc. However, research and development of glassy UV‐C phosphors and fast scintillators have seriously lagged behind crystals. Here, a new type of efficient UV‐C phosphors and fast scintillators (double gain) is developed from Pr3+‐doped transparent nano‐glass composites (nano‐GCs) containing KY3F10 nanocrystals. Such a material combines favorably the advantages of both crystal and glass, exhibiting intense interconfigurational 5d‐4f emissions of Pr3+ upon deep‐UV, high energy electron‐beam and X‐ray excitations. The emission profile ideally overlaps with the germicidal effectiveness curve. The Pr3+‐doped nano‐GCs are endowed with a radiative decay time shorter than that of extensively studied Ce3+‐doped glasses and nano‐GCs. They exhibit intense X‐ray excited radioluminescence that is comparable to the standard Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal and significantly stronger than Pr3+‐doped ZBLAN fluoride glass known for the high luminescence efficiency. An X‐ray imaging system with a good spatial resolution using the Pr3+‐doped nano‐GCs is also demonstrated.

Structural and luminescence properties of transparent borate glass co-doped with Gd3+/Pr3+ for photonics application

A new glass system of lithium borate doped with Gd2O3 and Pr2O3 has been fabricated using a conventional melt quenching technique. The physical parameters, such as density, molar volume, and refractive index, were measured and found to increase as the concentrations of lanthanide oxide (Gd2O3 and Pr2O3) in the glass increased, revealing the underlying structural changes. According to the results of XRD and FTIR, the synthesized glasses exhibited an amorphous structure, and borate complexes served as the triangular BO3, tetrahedral BO4, and OH group amounts in oxide glass. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show characteristic emission bands resulting from f-f transitions of Pr3+ ions. The strongest emission occurred at 603 nm, corresponding to the transition from the 1D2 state to the 3H4 state. The optimal concentration of Gd2O3 for maximizing emission intensity was found to be 5.0 mol%, and this concentration will be used in the next experiment with varying Pr2O3 concentrations. In the subsequent experiment, emission spectra were recorded by exciting the glass with light at wavelengths of 445 nm, 469 nm, and 483 nm. The resulting emission spectra displayed the characteristic pattern associated with the emission of Pr3+. This emission peak at 603 nm represented the strongest intensity in the spectra, which is a common characteristic of Pr3+ emission. The emission intensity of the glasses initially increases with increasing concentrations of Pr2O3 up to 0.3 mol%, but beyond this concentration, the emission intensity starts to decrease. This behavior indicates the occurrence of a quenching effect at the 0.3 mol% concentration of Pr2O3. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis confirmed that praseodymium ions were predominantly in the 3 + oxidation state. The chemical composition of the created glass was confirmed to be suitable for photonics applications.

Social construction of the image of the psychologist and of the patient: the role of implicit premises.

Nowadays, there is a growing consideration of people's mental health through awareness programs, policies, and practices promoted by international aid agencies and non-governmental organizations. Psychologists and patients are major actors in mental health, and their images are socially co-constructed. Nevertheless, there is still a lot of confusion about who "psychologists" and "patients" are or what a psychologist does. This muddle may underline stereotypes and broadly speaking stigma related to mental health. Therefore, confronting directly the ideas of "psychologist" and "patient" could be a little step in challenging stereotypes and making order in the panorama of mental health. In our study, we focus on the implicit contextual premises that shape particular framings around which the images of the psychologist and of the patient are socially and culturally co-constructed. In order to reach this goal, we have investigated the discourses and the multiple points of view behind the social image of the psychologist and of the patient from different sources or contextual domains: psychology online forums, university websites, and an online survey. From a methodological perspective and according to the pragma-dialectical approach, we have identified all the different standpoints and arguments related to the various conceptions of the psychologist and the patient. We have made explicit the implicit premises that lay behind each argumentative inference via the Argumentum Model of Topics. Based on these analyses, we have reconstructed the distinct framings at stake in the different contextual domains. The findings show that implicit contextual premises have huge power in constructing stigmatization in the ideas that lay people have toward the image of the psychologist and of the patient. In particular, we have observed that the more the contextual domain is defined, the more institutional premises dominate over individual ones; on the contrary, in informal contextual domains, heterogenous individual premises are prominent. Our study underlines that it is only by substituting old implicit premises with new unimagined ones that we can change subjacent contextual premises at the very core of stigma and the prototypical world's images.

Bridging dialogic pedagogy and argumentation theory through critical questions

This article explores the relationship between argumentation theory and dialogic pedagogy. Arguments made in everyday discourse tend to be enthymematic, i.e., containing implicit premises. Thus, dialogue is often necessary to uncover hidden assumptions. Furthermore, evaluating logical arguments involves dialectical and dialogic processes. We articulate the role of critical questions in this process and present the Critical Questions Model of Argument Assessment (CQMAA) as a (mostly) comprehensive framework for evaluating arguments. Students can be taught to ask and discuss these critical questions. Yet to facilitate and sustain discussion of these questions, teachers need additional tools drawn from dialogic pedagogy. We draw on Robin Alexander’s conceptual framework for this purpose as well as Michaels and O’Connor’s work on Academically Productive Talk. Alexander’s framework includes six pedagogical principles and eight repertoires of talk. We focus specifically on teacher and student talk moves and propose that critical questions should be considered an important subset of productive talk moves that can bring rigor and purpose to classroom argumentation. Other talk moves are also needed to help students construct arguments, listen and engage with one another, and help sustain discussion of the critical questions. The CQMAA provides both a theoretical and practical link between (1) logical analysis and critique and (2) dialogic teaching.

Divalent Europium, NIR and Variable Emission of Trivalent Tm, Ho, Pr, Er, Nd, and Ce in 3D Frameworks and 2D Networks of Ln–Pyridylpyrazolates

The redox reactions of various lanthanide metals with 3-(4-pyridyl)pyrazole (4-PyPzH) or 3-(3-pyridyl)pyrazole (3-PyPzH) ligands yield the 2D network ∞2[Eu(4-PyPz)2(Py)2] containing divalent europium, the 3D frameworks ∞3[Ln(4-PyPz)3] and ∞3[Ln(3-PyPz)3] for trivalent cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, holmium, erbium, and thulium as well as ∞3[La(4-PyPz)3], and the 2D networks ∞2[Ln(4-PyPz)3(Py)] for trivalent cerium and thulium and ∞2[Ln2(4-PyPz)6]·Py for trivalent ytterbium and lutetium. The 18 lanthanide coordination polymers were synthesized under solvothermal conditions in pyridine (Py), partly acting as a co-ligand for some networks. The compounds exhibit a variety of luminescence properties, including metal-centered 4f–4f/5d–4f emission in the visible and near-infrared spectral range, metal-to-ligand energy transfer, and ligand-centered fluorescence and phosphorescence. The anionic ligands 3-PyPz− and 4-PyPz− serve as suitable antennas for lanthanide-based luminescence in the visible and near-infrared range through effective sensitization followed by emission through intra–4f transitions of the trivalent thulium, holmium, praseodymium, erbium, and neodymium. ∞2[Ce(4-PyPz)3(Py)], ∞3[Ce(4-PyPz)3], and ∞3[Ce(3-PyPz)3] exhibit strong degrees of reduction in the 5d excited states that differ in intensity compared to the ligand-based emission, resulting in a distinct emission ranging from pink to orange. The direct current magnetic studies show magnetic isolation of the lanthanide centers in the crystal lattice of ∞3[Ln(3-PyPz)3], Ln = Dy, Ho, and Er.

Psychedelic therapy as reality transformation: A phenomenological approach

AbstractCoinciding with and responding to a growing crisis in the diagnostic, explanatory and treatment systems of psychiatry, the last couple of decades have seen a growing amount of evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs to treat a variety of mental health conditions. Broadly, this crisis can be construed as that of “indivi/dualist” approaches which aim to treat patients who are construed as separated from their social and material contexts, which are taken as given. The implicit premise: the self, but not the world, is the site of therapeutic intervention. By contrast, researchers insist that psychedelic therapy functions by on producing an experience of “connectedness” to self, world, and others, which is heavily influenced by context. However, by remaining in an indivi/dualist thoughtspace, neurological and psychological perspectives betray these recurring themes. In this essay, I approach psychedelic therapy for depression through the lens of phenomenological psychiatry to take these themes seriously–a task which passes by considering experience as embodied, and therefore embedded. Starting off from an analysis of depression as a bodily detunement (disconnection), I argue that, through a process of “immersive reflection”, psychedelic therapy transforms not only the self, but patients’ sense of reality. This will allow me to answer several questions pertaining to psychedelic therapy regarding its therapeutic mechanism, why it transforms reality and not only the self, why it transforms and not merely amplifies experience, why its effects last beyond the drugs’ psychoactive duration, and in what their paradigm-shifting potential for mental health consists of.

On The Substitutivity of Variables

This paper examines the constraints for the decidability of a logical system byanalyzing the theories of undecidability in formal logic and recursive func-tions. The proof of the diagonal lemma requires the implicit premise that allformulas are closed under avariable composition, i.e., the composition of vari-ables in the formulas signatures. A variable composition is representable infirst-order logic if∀ψ∀k(⊢ψ(k)↔∃y(ψ∧y≡k))can be derived, e.g., froma semantic definition of the quantifiers. A further condition is the assump-tion of an interpretation providing the existence of what will be defined as anindeterminate variable signaturewith aconstant interpretation.A recursion theorem for formulas in analogy to the recursion theorem ofKleene (1943, pp.52-53) will be proved which covers the diagonal lemma as aspecial case. The chosen notation and reasoning intend to make the necessaryconditions for its provability explicit. It will be proved that the representabilityof variable composition and the existence of an indeterminate variable signa-ture to represent a constant interpretation are consequences of the recursiontheorem, i.e., equivalent to the existence of fixed points∀ψ∃φ(⊢φ↔ψ(⌜φ⌝)).These results give a reason why the negation of the diagonal lemma canbe proved for a predicative logic that contradicts these premises but holdsthe explicit condition of the diagonal lemma, i.e., a language of this logic iscapable of representing all computable functions, as has been shown as anon-expectable result in Solte 2020. The paper concludes with an outline ofa decidable structure of computable functions. I.e., it is possible to provide aninterpretation of a predicative logic without undecidability in this structure

Evaluation and improvement of residence time distribution analysis methods

Although residence time distributions (RTDs) are frequently used in wetland studies, there is no consensus about the analysis method. Generally, two types of methods can be used to analyze RTD data: the method of moments and the RTD modeling method. RTD curves are obtained by tracer tests. The real RTD curves are usually imperfect due to the presence of random measurement errors, the unreasonable sampling intervals, and the premature termination of the tracer test. This study aims to find a better RTD analysis method providing robust results under these unfavorable factors, which includes: (i) evaluating the existing RTD analysis methods; (ii) improving the existing RTD analysis method using the Rational model. The influence of measurement error, sampling interval, and ending time in tracer tests on RTD analysis methods was first simulated. The results showed that effective volume ratio was a preferable indicator compared with the variance of RTD. The stability of the moment method decreased with the increase of the measurement error and sampling interval, and the accuracy of the moment method decreased with the decrease of the test time. Although the RTD modeling method showed better stability and accuracy, the implicit premise is that the RTD model adequately describes the observed data. Further, 36 observed RTD data sets were used to test the Tanks in Series (TIS) model and the empirical Rational model. The results showed that the widely used TIS model was only effective in partial cases, while the newly proposed Rational model showed broader applicability. Both the moment method and the TIS modeling method were proven to be inadequate. Finally, the moment method was improved by using Rational models to pre-process RTD data. Although the improved method is still affected by random measurement errors, it can significantly increase the accuracy of the moment method when sampling points are small or the test ends prematurely.

A Comparison between Deep Patterns of Education within Reformative Views in Contemporary Romania with Respect to Critical Thinking and Philosophical Competencies

Modern education has definitely entered an “age of measurement”, as educational specialist and philosopher Gert Biesta put it, and there is academic research that clearly shows that this operational and utilitarian shift comes with a cost as far as humanistic education and philosophical critical thinking is concerned. The implicit premise of this view is that every educational outcome can be properly measured and that every legit educational objective can be reframed as competence with components that can be properly measured. Moreover, these objectives are seen as attainable in principle through fully controllable processes that can be supervised and kept functional during every stage of their development. In this article, we argue that this view derives from a transfer of view and motives between the domains of entrepreneurship and education that this transfer, natural as can be in these times of scientific, technological and information based times, affects some of more conservative aims of education and can be potentially harmful for critical thinking and active citizenship competencies. In Romania, we are facing a clear shift in paradigms, replacing a model that is in its deepest forms poetic, formative and magisterial with models that favor more entrepreneurial and quantitative approaches. These later models are in principle based on attaining critical thinking skills, but we shall argue in this article that, inside this paradigm of efficiency and measurement, critical thinking has limited powers and functions and that a mixed model, that is still based on humanistic views and its dedicated to educational ideals that go further and deeper than entrepreneurial efficiency, is better suited for cultivating critical thinking.

Characterization Frames Constructing Endoxa in Activists’ Discourse About the Public Controversy Surrounding Fashion Sustainability

This paper investigates the relationship between characterization frames and argumentation in activists’ discourse about the public controversy surrounding fashion sustainability. While previous studies proposing an argumentative approach to frames have acknowledged that frames are related to underlying implicit premises, how frames select certain implicit premises still needs to be systematically explained. Therefore, drawing on a theoretical framework combining Pragma dialectics (van Eemeren 2010) with the Argumentum Model of Topics an empirical analysis of a social media corpus has been performed in order to examine the connection between characterization frames and underlying implicit premises. This paper offers both a methodological and a theoretical contribution. From a methodological point of view, it offers linguistic-discursive tools for the analysis of characterization frames. From a theoretical perspective, it shows how characterization frames contribute to construct endoxa, i.e. underlying implicit premises, through argumentative patterns.

Eschatology and the Limits of Philosophy in the &lt;i&gt;Phaedo&lt;/i&gt;

An abiding puzzle in the Phaedo is the transition in the text from initial pessimism about the possibility of wisdom during human life to a more optimistic view. Prominent interpretations posit different kinds or degrees of wisdom at issue in the two sets of passages. By contrast, I argue that the pessimistic view rests on the implicit premise that the soul cannot be completely purified during human life—a premise which arises from an initial conception of impurity and its cause. In developing his eschatology, Socrates refines this conception and rejects the implicit premise. Because the embodied soul can be completely purified, it can achieve philosophical wisdom as well.

Dual-mode optical ratiometric thermometry using Pr3+-doped NaSrGd(MoO4)3 phosphors with tunable sensitivity.

Owing to some special superior features, luminescence ratiometric thermometry has acquired popularity, particularly dual excitation single emission (SBR) and single excitation dual emission (FIR). Nonetheless, it remains difficult to create ratiometric thermometry that can operate in multiple modes. The integration of FIR and SBR techniques paves the way for advancements in various fields, including industrial processes, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications, where accurate temperature measurements are crucial for optimal performance and safety. In this work, we describe a way to measure temperature based on the light-induced fluorescence of Pr3+ in NaSrGd(MoO4)3 (NSGM). The optical properties were investigated by UV-visible absorption, PL, and PLE spectroscopy. On the one hand, the emission of Pr3+ exhibits varying temperature-dependent behavior upon 450 nm excitation. Thus, a thermometer based on the FIR between the Pr3+ levels has been generated, with the highest sensitivity of approximately 0.83% K-1 over a wide temperature range of 290-440 K. Furthermore, the SBR luminescent thermometer was evaluated in the same temperature range. The effect of the Pr3+ concentration on red-emitting SBR luminescent thermometers was investigated in detail. The Sa and Sr values gradually increase, with the Pr3+ content reaching a maximum Sr value of 2.4% K-1 at 413 K for the NSGM:10% Pr3+ phosphor. These results show that Pr3+ ions have the potential to be optically active centers for luminescent thermometer applications using FIR and SBR techniques. It is anticipated that the present work will inspire other researchers to employ multi-mode optical ratiometric thermometry more widely.

Entre Kant e Gadamer: metafísica clássica do tempo entre uma temporalidade vazia e uma temporalidade incorporada

ABSTRACT This article discusses the phenomenon of presence as it appears in the classical metaphysics of time by distinguishing between an empty and an embodied time. The terms “empty” and “embodied” are derived from various studies by Lucian Hölscher. According to him, an empty time offers a framework for knowledge without historiographical content, in which all kinds of historiography can find their place. An embodied time, he says, encompasses all histories ever written, making it impossible to view history as collectively singular, as German historical theorist Reinhart Koselleck would have it. Hölscher prefers an empty time, based on knowledge he derives from Newton and Kant. I think the terms “empty” and “embodied” have different connotations. In an embodied time, past, present, and future have presence; in an empty time, such a presence is absent. The embodied time as I use in this article was largely elaborated by Hans-Georg Gadamer. For him, “embodied” means that past, present, and future are present. This idea is based on an implicit premise about the relationship between reality (from the past) and the human mind. Empty time presupposes a gap between the two, with the mind largely constructing the reality of the past. Embodied time presupposes an intertwining of reality and mind, so that past, present, and future have their own presence, without being completely mutually exclusive. As such, all three have a degree of autonomy when it comes to describing them. An empty time, represented by Kant, and an embodied time, represented by Gadamer, can form the extremes of a scale whose interspace allows the classical metaphysics of time to find its way.

ПОПЫТКА К БЕГСТВУ: "НОЖ В ВОДЕ" РОМАНА ПОЛАНСКИ

Ultimately, the main subject of research for a person is himself. Anthropology is the basic content of philosophy and the implicit premise of science. At the same time, a person explores himself and publishes the results of the research not only with the help of rational reasoning and a logically organized verbal text, but also through artistic, including visual, narratives. One of the most popular forms of art is cinema. At the same time, cinema has long been one of the most effective tools of anthropological knowledge. Roman Polanski’s film ‘Knife in the Water’ is one of the many artistic illustrations of the idea that moving in geographic space is not a possibility for escaping from oneself. People remain the same, even moving from one physical place (city) to another (nature), since their space is always organized around themselves and, moreover, by themselves. During the journey, the characters of the film maintain their relationships and positions that have developed in everyday life. Geographic movement can be accompanied by existential immobility, as evidenced by examples that we can find in the history of the world literature and philosophy. Roman Polanski’s film continues the above semantic line in a peculiar way and thus is an artistic contribution to philosophical anthropology.