Emission Characteristics Of Diesel Engine Research Articles

Performance and emission analysis of methyl ester of Azolla algae with TiO2 Nano additive for diesel engine

ABSTRACT The present work investigates the effect of using TiO2 Nanoparticles at a different proportion of Azolla algae methyl ester, in a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine. Biodiesel can be obtained from Azolla algae due to the presence of high oil content. The oil was extracted from Azolla algae by means of the Soxhlet extraction method which was compared to be more effective than the oil obtained by means of hydraulic pressing machine. The obtained oil was converted to biodiesel by means of transesterification process. The fuel properties of the prepared Azolla methyl ester found to confirm with the ASTM standards. TiO2 Nanoparticles were synthesized by means of ball milling process and characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. In the present study, the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine were analyzed with the addition of TiO2 Nanoparticles to Azolla oil methyl ester (25,50,75 and100 ppm) and compared with that of diesel. The % decrease in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 7.81, 12.05, 19.71, and 23.53, respectively, when compared to B20. The % increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 2.60, 8.49, 8.79 and 13.38, respectively, when compared to B20. The % decrease in Carbon monoxide (CO) for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 21.15, 51.92, 54.80, and 57.30, respectively, when compared to B20. The % decrease in Hydro Carbon (HC) for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 7.53,8.36,10.04 and 12.97, respectively, when compared to B20. The % increase in Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 5.44, 7.85, 8.67, and 9.16, respectively, when compared to B20. The % decrease in smoke for B20 + 25, B20 + 50, B20 + 75 and B20 + 100 were found to be 18.02, 30.18, 31.98 and 36.04, respectively, when compared to B20. Addition of TiO2 Nanoparticles with the Azolla biodiesel is found to be an effective approach to improve the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine without any modification.

Performance and emission characteristics of CNG-fueled compression ignition engine with Ricinus communis methyl ester as pilot fuel.

Surge in petroleum prices, its drying sources and degradation in air quality focused interest on renewable energy sources as substitute for existing fuels for internal combustion engines. This study highlights the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG) as primary fuel and castor (Ricinus communis) oil methyl ester (COME) as pilot fuel. COME was produced from non-edible grade Ricinus communis oil. The biodiesel fuel properties and characterization was done as per ASTM D6751 specifications. The CNG was inducted through inlet manifold fumigation at a consistent flow rate of 15l/min under dual-fuel mode. It is evident from the test results that B20-CNG yields brake thermal efficiency of 23.6% when compared to 25 and 27% for D-CNG and diesel fuel, respectively. The peak cylinder gas pressure was lower in dual-fuel mode when compared to conventional diesel. The emission results show increase in NOx emission by 24.5 and 28.4% for D-CNG and B20-CNG, respectively when compared to baseline diesel fuel at full engine load. There was increase in HC emission by 6.7 and 11% whereas CO emissions decreased by 31.6 and 37.4% for B20-CNG and D-CNG, respectively at similar operating conditions. Reduction in smoke opacity by 49.4 and 59.6% was achieved respectively for D-CNG and B20-CNG under dual-fuel mode. On the whole, COME exhibits a better pilot fuel choice for dual-fuel combustion mode in comparison to conventional fossil petroleum diesel in terms of combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics.

Exhaust emissions of diesel engine with CuNO3 nano additive and butanol-diesel blends

This experimental study was focused on use of CuNO3 as a fuel additive with butanol-diesel blends in diesel engine and its effects on fuel specifications and emission characteristics. With this purpose, CuNO3 nano additive was mixed with diesel-butanol and each test fuel was analyzed to determine fuel specifications (density, viscosity, Cetane number, heating values and copper strip corrosion). A four stroke, four cylinder direct injection diesel engine was conducted to perform the test fuels. In conclusions, CuNO3 nano additive with diesel-butanol blends improved the fuel specifications and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine.

Influence of n-butanol-diesel-PODE3-4 fuels coupled pilot injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine

Experiments in regard to influence of n-butanol, diesel and PODE3-4 hybrid fuel coupled pre-injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine were conducted at 20% EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rates. BD20 that composed of 20% n-butanol and 80% conventional diesel (v/v), PD20 that composed of 20% PODE3-4 and 80% conventional diesel (v/v), BDP20 that composed of 20% PODE3-4 and 80% BD20 (v/v), and pure diesel fuel (D100) were tested. The results showed that compared to a single injection route, pilot injection route lowers the MPRR (Maximum Pressure Rise Rate). By decreasing pilot injection interval or increasing the pilot injection rate, MPRR is further reduced. MPRR can be reduced by blending PODE3-4, and the descending sequence of MPRR for the four fuels is: BD20 > BDP20 > D100 > PD20. Moreover, adding the oxygenated fuel into diesel causes the NOx emission increase, and the change of pilot injection strategy impacts little on NOx emission of all the four fuels. The descending sequence of soot emission is: D100 > BD20 > PD20 > BDP20, where soot emission of D100 increases as pilot injection rate increases or decreases due to the increases of pilot injection interval, while emissions of other remaining three blends are insensitive to pilot injection strategy. The accretion of PODE3-4 in the D100 or BD20 shows a significant downtrend in CO emission, where that of BDP20 is the lowest; CO and HC emissions of the four fuels increase due to the increases of pilot injection interval, and enhancing the pilot rate results in reduction in HC emissions of PD20 and BDP20, but the change of CO emission is not obvious. By introducing the pilot injection, the total particle number concentration of pure diesel increases, but with modest effect on those of the blends. Regardless of single injection or pilot injection, total particle number concentrations of multi-fuels are significantly lowered compared with that of D100.

Effect of Exhaust Back Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Currently the emission norms are becoming more stringent, continuous modifications are taking place in existing I.C engines as well as in after treatment devices (ATDs). Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) are the mandatory ATDs controlled electronically to optimize engine brake power, fuel consumption and emissions. The conversion efficiency of ATDs mainly depends on exhaust pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid characteristics of exhaust gas. However, the installation of ATDs increases the exhaust back pressure in the exhaust system. The back pressure of engine also depends on the parameters like engine operating conditions, design of exhaust valves, valve lift time, exhaust gas dynamics and exhaust manifold design etc. In this paper the attempt is made to study the effect of back pressure on performance and emission of diesel engines equipped with EGR and DOC. Here we have not modified the intake and exhaust valves instead, we varied the back pressure of exhaust system using back pressure control valve (BPCV). BPCV is operated manually at three positions, they are 100%, 87.5% and 75% BPCV lifts. The readings are taken in different combinations of BPCV lifts and brake torque at 20, 40, 60, and 80 N-m. The results obtained shows variation of BPCV lift and brake torque effected on performance of engine, DOC and EGR operations as well as fuel consumption. The NOx is reduced by 15%; HC and CO are reduced significantly. However, there is an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust smoke.

Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel derived from Cymbopogon Martinii

Abstract Biodiesel from Palmarosa oil can be used as an alternative fuel in diesel engine. Experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel derived from Palmarosa oil and its blends of 25%, 50% and 100% and standard diesel fuel separately. In this study, the chemical composition of biodiesel derived from Palmarosa oil was determined by using GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrum) and FT-IR (Fourier transformed infrared) spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated the production of lower CO emission (up to 19.02%), HC emission (up to 31.25%) and smoke emission (up to 29.75%) through the use of biodiesel. However, a slight increase in NOx emission (up to 15.21%) was observed for biodiesel blends. BSFC increased by 7.41%, 19.35% and 26.47% for PMO25, PMO50 and PMO100 fuel blends respectively compared to diesel fuel. The BTE for biodiesel blends decreased when compared to diesel fuel. The combustion analysis showed a considerable increase in combustion pressure and heat release rate with shorter ignition delay and longer combustion duration.

Effects of black soldier fly biodiesel blended with diesel fuel on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine

The different fuel injection time, fuel injection pressure, fuel types were investigated to achieve low temperature premixed combustion in four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine using a common rail injection system. The two blending proportions of black soldier fly biodiesel (BD) at 10% and 20% BD-diesel blends were compared with pure diesel fuel in the present study. The combustion, performance, and emission of black soldier fly biodiesel were explored and compared with the conventional diesel combustion. Experimental outcomes showed that under low load, early and late injection time can attain low temperature premixed combustion that resulted in prolonged ignition delay and increased heat release rate. It has been observed that equivalent fuel consumption rate of black soldier fly biodiesel was driven higher (245–260 g/kWh) by increasing fuel injection time and fuel injection pressure but lower than pure diesel fuel (255–270 g/kWh). Moreover, an oxide of nitrogen emission rises with early fuel injection time (100–1200 ppm) compared to late fuel injection time (200–300 ppm), whereas the pure diesel fuel has lower emission 900 ppm at early fuel injection time but the rate was similar at late fuel injection time (200 ppm), whereas the early and late fuel injection time can reduce the smoke emission 0.02 l/m than diesel fuel which has smoke emission 0.04 l/m and 0.08 early and late fuel injection time respectively. The low blending ratio 10% BD recorded the reduction in the oxide of nitrogen emission (50%) than 20% BD and similar effects was observed for equivalent fuel consumption. The heat release rate was found to be high in higher fuel injection pressure due to the increase in the proportion of premixed combustion. Furthermore, the oxide of nitrogen emission was increased with the rise of fuel injection pressure, but smoke emission reduced during the process.

Influence of injection timing on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine powered with tamarind seed biodiesel blend

ABSTRACT The limitations and ramifications of petroleum fuel on the present environmental society raised the necessity of alternative fuel. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel and its ability to reduce emissions have engaged the attention of researchers to prefer biodiesel as a better alternative fuel. A modification in engine parameters is proven to be one of the best techniques to obtain comparable results with diesel. The following study emphasises TSME 20 (20% Tamarind Seed Methyl Ester with 80% diesel) as an alternative fuel and its performance and emission characteristics are deciphered at different injection timings (19°, 23° and 27° bTDC) at different loads. Focusing on the results obtained at full-load condition, considerable improvement in brake thermal efficiency by 3.18% was noticed with the significant reduction in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke by 17.3%, 57.3%, 31.34% and 8.1%, respectively, at retarded injection timing compared to standard injection timing.

Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with methyl ester of waste vegetable oil blended diesel fuel with additives of DEE

The paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with methyl ester of waste vegetable oil blended diesel fuel with DEE as additives. In this investigation, waste sunflower oil after transesterification with methanol is obtained as biodiesel methyl ester. The biodiesel methyl ester prepared from transesterification process was blended in 3 different compositions B10, B20 and B30 with diesel. The additive diethyl ether(DEE) was also added to each of the blended mixtures in concentration of 5ml and 10ml and its properties were studied The experiment was conducted on the single cylinder four stroke water cooled naturally aspirated diesel engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer at constant speed of 1500rpm by varying the load. The performance characteristics infer that the B20(5DEE) was found as most optimum fuel as compared to all the other blends as it was found with least value of Brake Specific fuel Consumption (BSFC) and the highest value of the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE). Considering emission characteristics, B30(5DEE) was the most optimum fuel as it was found with the lowest emissions of NOx, CO and HC. Also, exhaust gas temperature for B30(5DEE) was least which shows better energy generation in the power stroke.

Biodiesel derived from corn oil – A fuel substitute for diesel

In present scenario, consumption of energy is steadily increasing in all sectors due to increase in population and improved lifestyle. Ever growing demand for energy results in increasing of dependency over fossil fuels. The depleting nature of such energy sources and increasing nature of energy demand are causing serious energy concerns about the future energy security. Use of biodiesel may be one of the solutions to overcome the future energy demand, and production of biodiesel is an interesting avenue for researchers. In this research work, since corn oil has comparable properties of diesel, an attempt was made to produce biodiesel from corn oil and evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine using corn oil biodiesel blended with diesel at different proportions as fuel. The outcome of this research work revealed that the production of biodiesel from corn oil is possible and the experimental observations resulted in a comparable performance, combustion and emission parameters with those of diesel.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel engine Fuelled with Diesel, Cedar wood oil and Eucalyptus oil.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel engine Fuelled with Diesel, Cedar wood oil and Eucalyptus oil.

Properties and effects of organic additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine: a comprehensive review.

Fast depletion of conventional automobile fuels and environmental pollution due to exhaust emission are the issues of great importance. Improvement in engine performance and emission control is quite difficult to handle simultaneously. The fuel properties can be improved substantially by incorporation of additives in different proportions to get better emission standard without deteriorating the engine performance. The aim of current study is to review/summarize the effects of various organic additives on the engine performance (i.e., brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, etc.) and emissions (i.e., carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other harmful compounds). The physico-chemical and combustion properties (i.e., density, latent heat, dynamic viscosity, flash point, boiling point, cetane number, oxygen content, lower heating value, auto-ignition temperature, etc.) of various additives were also discussed to check the suitability of additives with diesel. Finally, limitations and opportunities using organic additives with respect to engine performance and combustion were discussed to guide future research and improvement in this field.

The Effects of Camelina “Soheil” as a Novel Biodiesel Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine

In this research, a new cultivar of Camelina “Soheil” seed oil (CSO) was investigated as a novel feedstock for biodiesel production. Maximum oil content of CSO seed was about 29%. Physical and chemical characteristics of CSO were investigated. The biodiesel production process was optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) reaction parameters, including molar ratio (methanol to oil), reaction time, and concentration of catalyst are studied. The result showed that the conversion of biodiesel was 98.91% under the optimized conditions of 10.18:1 molar ratio and 1.15 wt % concentration of catalyst for a reaction time of 7.33 min. By investigating the properties of the fuel, it turned out that biodiesel from new cultivar of CSO oil complied with the limits prescribed in the ASTM D6751 standards, and that this seed oil could be introduced as a new feedstock for biodiesel production. Also, the performance and emission of a diesel engine were investigated with CSO biodiesel. All of the engine experiments were performed under the constant speed of 2100 rpm at loads of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Results indicated that by using the biodiesel-diesel blends, the brake power, and the CO2 and NOx emissions increased, while the SFC and CO and UHC emissions decreased.

The influence of alcohol additives and EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine under high-load condition

Alcohol additive combined with exhaust gas recirculated (EGR) were experimentally investigated on a modified single cylinder diesel engine at high-load condition. The effects of different alcohol contents (15% ethanol, 15% butanol and 40% butanol by volume) and EGR rates on combustion characteristics and particle emissions were evaluated. The results indicate that the premixed combustion phase is deeply influenced by alcohol content and EGR rate. With the increased alcohol contents and EGR rates, the peak rate of heat release in the premixed combustion phase increases and the lower gas temperature at the end of the compression stroke causes later ignition. Moreover, indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) increases with an increase of alcohol content but it decreases with increased EGR rates. In terms of emissions, the particle number concentrations show a unimodal distribution with particle size. The peaks of particle number concentration increase rapidly and the distributions shift toward larger particle size with increased EGR rates. With the increased fuel-bound oxygen contents in the blended fuels, moreover, the total particle number concentration (TPNC) decreases. In summary, adopting higher alcohol content of diesel fuels combined with medium EGR may be a better choice for the internal purification of diesel engines at high-load condition.

A review on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends.

Biodiesels have gained much popularity because they are cleaner alternative fuels and they can be used directly in diesel engines without modifications. In this paper, a brief review of the key studies pertaining to the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends, exhaust aftertreatment systems, and low-temperature combustion technology is presented. In general, most biodiesel blends result in a significant decrease in carbon monoxide and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions. There is also a decrease in carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions while the engine performance increases for diesel engines fueled with biodiesels blended with nano-additives. The development of automotive technologies, such as exhaust gas recirculation systems and low-temperature combustion technology, also improves the thermal efficiency of diesel engines and reduces nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions.

Experimental investigation on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine by varying the injection pressure and injection timing using mixed biodiesel

ABSTRACTBiodiesel is a promising fuel for compression ignition engines instead of diesel fuel. Due to the depletion of diesel fuel, an alternative fuel can be used in an engine. The experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, single cylinder CI engine. In this present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the influence of injection pressure (IP) and injection timing (IT) on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines by using mixed biodiesel (Thevetia peruviana, Jatropha, Pongamia, and Azadirachta indica). The injection pressure is varied from 200 to 230 bar and the injection timing is varied from 23 to 29° bTDC at an increment of 10 bar and 2° bTDC, respectively, and the results were compared with diesel. From this study, the results showed that the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was increased by 2.4% with an increase in injection pressure and 1.5% with an increase in the injection timing for the maximum load, but lesser than diesel. Furthermore, a reduction of 5.08% of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) has been noticed for the rise in IP and IT with loads but higher than diesel. The reduction was 34.17%, 53.85%, and 29.7% and 29.17%, 53.85%, and 21.95% of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions, respectively, at 230 bar injection pressure and at 27° bTDC injection timing. Also, a significant increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at the maximum load was observed by increasing the injection pressure and injection timing.

Effect of carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles as additive to biodiesel-diesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine

This study investigates the effects of carbon coated aluminum (Al@C) nanoparticles added to diesel-biodiesel blends as additives on engine performance and emissions. The Al@C nanoparticles are added into the diesel-biodiesel fuel in the mass fractions of 30 ppm under ultrasonic mixing. The experimental tests are conducted using a Cummins diesel engine. For comparison, three kinds of fuels including diesel-biodiesel blend (B10), B10 with 4% ethanol (B10E4), and B10 with 4% ethanol and 30-ppm nanoparticles (B10E4N30) are used for the tests under the European Stationary Cycle (ESC). The results show clearly that adding Al@C nanoparticles can reduce brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 6% on average; along with a drop of 6% in NOX emission and CO emission is reduced by 19%, comparing with B10. However, the presence of ethanol in fuel blend increases THC emission. Nevertheless, addition of Al@C nanoparticles reduces THC emission by 14.5% compared with B10E4. The emission of particles number (PN) is increased by 2.2 times for B10E4N30 on average but is reduced by 11.8% for B10E4 (adding ethanol only) on the contrary, compared to B10. The studies on morphology and phase structure of nanoparticles after combustion indicate that Al@C nanoparticles have been transformed into alumina nanoparticles.

A comparative study on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel blends with and without an additive

Biodiesel is a fuel containing mono-alkyl esters which are derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel fuels are well-adopted now a day’s having multiple benefits such as a renewable energy source, less pollutant emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter and so on. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions reported in the literature are ambiguous for biodiesel blended fuels with reference to baseline diesel NOx. Authors have come out with different conclusions of no change in NOx, a decrease NOx and an increase in NOx. This study aims to reduce NOx emission of palm oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel (B20), by using Cetane number improver-di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) and to improve ignition performance of the test fuel. Single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine loaded by eddy current dynamometer was used for this study. The engine was run with diesel, B20 fuel and B20 with 1% DTBP additive by volume basis. The performance, combustion and emission results were compared. The results revealed that B20 with additives shows an increased thermal efficiency by 2–3.5% and decrease specific energy consumption by 10–15% compared to diesel and B20 fuel. Significant reduction of CO and NOx in trade off with slight increase in HC for the B20 fuel without additives was observed.

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines Using Diesel, DMF/Diesel, and N-Pentanol/Diesel Fuel Blends

AbstractIn recent years, researchers around the world have focused on biofuels such as 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) and n-pentanol because of their potential for reducing harmful emissions. Studies show...

Numerical study of the effects of biodiesel unsaturation on combustion and emission characteristics in diesel engine

Biodiesel from different feedstocks has different physicochemical properties. As one of the most important properties, the degree of unsaturation (DU), which is characterized by the number of double bonds in biodiesel composition, could significantly affect its combustion and emission formation process in diesel engines. This study adopted the definition of the degree of unsaturation and aimed to investigate its effect on combustion and emissions in a diesel engine fueled by different biodiesels with different DU. Methyl decanoate (MD), methyl-9-decenoate (MD9D) and n-heptane were adopted as the surrogate fuels to model biodiesel fuels in this study. The different DU in different biodiesel is represented by varying the relative fraction of those three surrogate components when coupling the reaction mechanism into CFD KIVA4-CHEMKIN codes. Numerical modeling was performed to predict the differences in combustion process and the soot, NO and CO emissions in a diesel engine fueled with five typical types of biodiesel under 10%, 50%, and 100% engine loads. The results show that the DU value has a tangible impact on the ignition delay and the emission formation of biodiesel fuels at all engine loads while a negligible impact on the total heat release and the in-cylinder pressure profile at medium-high engine load. The increase of biodiesel unsaturation level alters the viscosity, oxygen contents of fuel, thereby leading to better fuel-air mixing, higher local temperature, and thus promoting the NO emission production while reducing the CO emission. Furthermore, higher unsaturated biodiesel with more carbon double bond also exhibits shorter ignition delay and produces more soot precursor formation, hence more soot emission.