Emergy Analysis Theory Research Articles

Basin water ecological compensation interval accounting based on dual perspectives of supply and consumption: Taking Qingyi River Basin as an example

Basin water ecological compensation is an effective means of coordinating environmental protection and economic development and promoting sustainable development. A reasonable compensation interval (the value range of the compensation standard) is the basis for final pricing. At present, the calculation method of the compensation interval has not been unified in the current research, and it is rarely considered comprehensively from the perspective of both parties of compensation. Based on the perspectives of upstream water resources suppliers and downstream water resources consumers, this paper proposes a water ecological compensation interval accounting method based on emergy analysis theory and water ecological footprint method. From the perspective of the supply side, the remaining ecological economic system services value supplied by the upstream area is taken as the lower limit; from the perspective of the consumer side, the value of ecological economic system services actually occupied by downstream areas is taken as the upper limit. Taking the Qingyi River Basin as an example, the results show that there is a serious ecological deficit in the lower reaches of the Qingyi River Basin, and reasonable compensation needs to be given to the supplier Xinzheng City; the accounting method based on dual perspectives is better than traditional. The method is more precise and greatly shortens the value range of the compensation standard. This study provides a novel and complete ecological compensation interval accounting method, which provides a more accurate and reasonable reference for the determination of ecological compensation standards in the basin, and helps the government to improve and implement the ecological compensation mechanism.

Health evaluation and coordinated development characteristics of urban agglomeration: Case study of Fujian Delta in China

Urban agglomeration has become the main regional unit to cope with global challenges. However, with the development of economic globalisation and urbanisation, urban agglomeration is facing increasing pressure on nature resources and ecological environment. This study takes the Fujian Delta Urban Agglomeration (FDUA) in China as the research area. Emergy analysis theory is used to evaluate the health status of urban agglomeration and its internal cities. Simultaneously, the regional coordination degree model is applied to evaluate the coordination between urban social-economic and resource-environment systems, as well as the coordination among cities. Results show that (1) the FDUA is a consumption-orientated economic system (emergy-based sustainability index < 1), and the social and economic development is dominated by a non-renewable resource input (58.95%) and in a low environmental load state (1.33 < environmental loading ratio < 1.76). (2) The level of urban economic development is characterised by ‘Xiamen > Quanzhou > Zhangzhou’, an order that is associated positively with the demand for external feedback-type emergy, but negatively with the production efficiency of the ecological economy. (3) The regional social-economic and resource-environment systems of the cities in FDUA are moderately uncoordinated states (0.35 ≤ D ≤ 0.4), but the FDUA is generally weakly coordinated (0.52 ≤ D ≤ 0.56). The co-development model of the urban agglomeration is considerably beneficial to the sustainable development of cities. (4) Cross-regional cooperation helps to promote the integration of resource elements and achieve a win–win situation between cities. The research results are intended to serve as an important guide and reference for the FDUA, the Urban Agglomeration on the West Side of the Straits as well as other small and middle urban agglomerations and other ecological civilisation demonstration zones in regulating the intensive use of resources, jointly protecting and controlling the ecological environment and developing cross-regional cooperation.

Study on Production, Domestic and Ecological Benefits of Reservoir Water Supply Based on Emergy Analysis

As an important water conservancy project, it is necessary to evaluate its water supply benefit. Based on the emergy analysis theory, a reservoir water supply benefits evaluation model (RWSBEM) was established. Firstly, the emergy transformity of natural and engineering water body was calculated. Secondly, the water resource values (WRV) of different water users (industrial, agricultural, domestic, ecological) were calculated. Finally, combined with the water supply situation of the reservoir, the various water supply benefits of the reservoir were calculated. Taking Hekoucun reservoir as an example, its ecological water supply benefit is the largest and agriculture is the smallest, followed by industry and life. The results showed that the trend of WRV was domestic &gt; industry &gt; ecology &gt; agriculture, which reflected the contribution and utility of water resources in different industries. Under the condition of current water resources, the planned water supply benefits of the reservoir can be guaranteed in the wet and normal years, but in the dry years, the ecological benefit will be reduced. Therefore, the industry water-saving needs to be further strengthened, and the interannual regulation function of the reservoir should be applied more effectively to maximize the comprehensive benefits of reservoir water supply.

Construction and case study of rural environmental value-added evaluation system based on emergy theory

At the same time as the rapid development of developing countries, unreasonable conventional planning and industrialization have led to instability in rural areas, especially resource-based rural systems. Rural environment and planning continue to receive widespread attention. Based on the emergy analysis theory, this paper constructed a rural environmental value-added evaluation system with resource, development, space and environmental protection as the factor layer (including 18 sub-indicators). Based on this system, the value-added situation of the socio-economic-natural composite ecological environment of Queshan Village in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2015 was quantitatively evaluated, and the development strategy was proposed. It was found that from 2010 to 2015, the resource element decreased from 0.17 to about 0.00, the development factor decreased from 0.16 to 0.06, the space factor increased by 0.19 from 0.07, the environmental protection factor decreased from 0.21 to 0.05, and the composite index decreased from 0.61 to 0.30. It showed that the ecological environment growth of Queshan Village was negative in the evaluation period, and the development showed an imbalance law and an unsustainable development trend. According to the analysis results, this paper put forward development opinions from four aspects: resources, industry, environment and government investment. This method constructs a quantitative analysis system for rural environmental value-added evaluation, and has certain theoretical and practical value in rural planning guidance and evaluation.

Sustainable development and green gross domestic product assessments in megacities based on the emergy analysis method—A case study of Wuhan

AbstractGlobally, cities are generally facing challenges of sustainable development, and this is particularly true in megacities. To reveal the relationship between economy and ecology, green gross domestic product (GDP) represents the ideology and requirements of sustainable development. In this study, emergy analysis theory is introduced to the green GDP accounting system and to a sustainable development evaluation framework using Wuhan City from 1994 to 2015 as a case study. The results show that (a) the green GDP increases as traditional GDP grows year by year, indicating the improvement of the sustainability development of Wuhan. (b) In terms of green GDP contributing factors, the proportion of nonrenewable energy in traditional GDP decreased from 11.91% to 5.31%, reflecting remarkable progresses in the promotion of saving energy. (c) In terms of the sustainability dynamic assessment, result greater than one for the Emergy Sustainability Index implies the economic system of Wuhan following a trajectory of sustainable development, but the downward trend of the Environment Index of Sustainable Development in recent years indicates that Wuhan needs to improve its socioeconomic performance. Based on the emergy analysis, this study provides a theoretical framework for investigating and assessing the temporal characteristics of green GDP accounting, urban sustainability assessment, and inhibiting factors in the progress of sustainability. Empirical findings provide theoretical support and policy recommendations for the promotion of urban sustainable development.

Study on the quantification of ecological compensation in a river basin considering different industries based on water pollution loss value.

The study on the quantification of ecological compensation (eco-compensation) in a river basin can help to make environmental protection more compatible with ecological construction. In this paper, the upstream and downstream of the river basin were treated as the subjects and objects of eco-compensation, and the mechanism of eco-compensation was clarified. The emergy analysis theory (EMA) was used to calculate the values of water resources in sub-industries (agriculture, industry, life, and recreation). The pollution loss rate theory (PLR) was adopted to calculate the water pollution loss rate in sub-industries. According to the value of water resources and pollution loss rate in sub-industries, combined with the water consumption of sub-industries in the river basin, the Ecological Compensation Quantification Model of Sub-industries (ECQ-Is Model) was constructed. Under the guidance of the aforementioned theory and model, a comprehensive research was conducted on the Xiaohong River. The results showed that the eco-compensation values of the upstream area, industry, and agriculture in the river basin were higher. Therefore, it is essential that the water resources in the Xiaohong River basin be well conserved and managed. In addition, the research results point out the direction for water pollution control, which includes promoting the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream, and maximizing the ecological benefits of the river basin.

21世纪以来闽三角城市群人类景观开发强度的时空演变——基于能值-GIS方法

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 21世纪以来闽三角城市群人类景观开发强度的时空演变——基于能值-GIS方法 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201712042185 作者: 作者单位: 福州大学环境与资源学院,福州大学环境与资源学院,福建省空间信息工程研究中心,福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州大学环境与资源学院,福州大学环境与资源学院,福州大学环境与资源学院,福建省空间信息工程研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502905） Temporal and spatial evolution of human landscape development in the Fujian delta urban agglomeration in the 21st Century: Based on emergy-GIS approach Author: Affiliation: College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University,College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University,Spatial Information Research Center of Fujian,College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University,College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University,College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University,College of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University,Spatial Information Research Center of Fujian Fund Project: National key research and development plan project（2016YFC0502905） 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在快速的城市化进程中，城市群作为城市发展到成熟阶段的高级空间组织形式，其在推进城市群区域社会经济一体化的同时，也在一定程度上加剧了城市群的人地关系矛盾和景观开发强度。为量化城市群的人类景观开发强度，揭示自然环境对人类资源消耗过程的压力响应机制，选取闽三角城市群在2000、2005和2013年的夜间灯光数据（DMSP/OLS）作为刻画人类经济活动范围的基础数据，通过能值分析理论，耦合可更新能源（太阳能、风能、地热能和降雨化学能等）与基于统计数据的不可更新能源进行能值核算，并进一步描述人类景观开发强度（Landscape development intensity，LDI）的时空演变特征，基于人类活动对自然生态系统的干扰程度划分为5级进行空间展示与分析。结果表明：（1）在时间尺度上，闽三角城市群的年可更新能值密度均值在2000、2005和2013年，分别为9.42×1016 sej/hm2、7.25×1016 sej/hm2和7.88×1016 sej/hm2，呈现出先减后增的趋势，在空间尺度上，闽三角城市群可更新资源由环海湾地带向内陆地区呈环形逐层增加，其中在2000年表现尤为明显；（2）在不可更新资源的利用上，闽三角城市群的本地不可更新能源能值投入在2000、2005和2013年，分别为4.64×1024 sej、4.63×1024 sej和4.66×1024 sej，只出现轻微浮动，而外部输入能源的能值投入则在2000、2005和2013年，分别为1.41×1024 sej、3.18×1024 sej和5.71×1024 sej呈现逐年上升趋势，且其中对原煤的需求表现最高，占比高达90%；（3）LDI在空间分布上，自内陆至沿海干扰等级逐渐上升，其中，强度干扰与剧烈干扰主要覆盖厦门市、龙海市、晋江市和石狮市；在时间分布上，呈现出强度干扰和剧烈干扰逐渐增大的趋势。研究有助于政府对不同干扰等级区域的城乡建设与规划管理提供决策依据，为实现城市群可持续发展提供数据参考。 Abstract:In the rapid urbanization processes, urban agglomerations as a senior spatial organization of urban development at a mature stage. Urban agglomerations promote regional societies and economic integration, but can result in conflicts between the natural environment and human activities, particularly because of landscape development intensity. In order to quantify the collisions and reveal the pressure response mechanisms between the natural environment and human resource utilization, this study first opted the Fujian delta urban agglomeration night light data (DMSP/OLS) from 2000, 2005, and 2013 as the fundamental data for an analysis of the realm of human economic activities. And emergy analysis theory was used to account for renewable emergy (solar, wind, geothermal, rainfall chemical emergy, etc.), and non-renewable emergy which were based on statistics in the same year. Integrate renewable and non-renewable emergy to further describe the human landscape development intensity (LDI) at spatio-temporal scales. Accordance with the otherness of human activities intensity with the natural ecological system, the LDI values were divided into 5 levels. The results showed:(1) Over the time scale, the mean values for renewable emergy density in 2000, 2005, and 2013 were 9.42×1016 sej/hm2, 7.25×1016 sej/hm2 and 7.88×1016 sej/hm2, respectively, represented a decreasing trend before increasing again. On the spatial scale, renewable resources demonstrated a increase from the gulf zone to the inland area of annularity in the Fujian delta urban agglomeration, which was particularly evident in 2000; (2) As for the use of non-renewable resources, the investments of local non-renewable emergy value were 4.64×1024 sej, 4.63×1024 sej, and 4.66×1024 sej, respectively in 2000, 2005, and 2013 which was change lightly,while the inflows from the outside emergy were 1.41×1024 sej, 3.18×1024 sej and 5.71×1024 sej in 2000, 2005 and 2013, showing a growing tendency, among which the demand for raw coal was the highest, accounting for 90%; (3) In the spatial distribution of LDI, from the inland area to the ring bay area, LDI levels increased, and disturbances with severe interference were mainly observed in Xiamen, Longhai, Jinjiang, and Shishi. In terms of the temporal distribution, the scope of strength intensity and severe interference gradually increased. This research findings of different disturbance levels will help the government provide of a decision-making foundation for urban construction and planning. Meanwhile, provide a datum reference for the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Environmental Capacity Study for Hangzhou Urban Agglomeration

Hangzhou urban agglomeration (HzUA) plays a decisive role in Zhejiang province and even in the Changjiang delta. Whose core is Hangzhou, the main body is Hangzhou district and Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing city is the vice center. It is an important subject to evaluate sustainability of the HzUA quantitatively.The article constructs the city ecological efficiency index (CEI) with the emergy analysis theory, analyzes quantitatively the resources supply and environmental capacity of the HzUA. The case study shows that the CEIs of the four major cities are all not high, among 0.15-0.19. Especially, the CEI of Jiaxing is the minimum, although whose renewable natural resources of unit area is the maximum. It is worth attention. To realize the HzUA steady, harmonious and healthy development, two aspects measures must be adopted, namely, adjust industrial structure and strengthen environmental protection.

Regional Environmental Capacity Study for Jiaxing City

Jiaxing is listed experiment city of the national ecological civilization construction in 2012. Correctly understand and evaluate the supply of resources and environmental carrying capacity is an important prerequisite of ecologically-civilized city construction. The article structures emergy ecological footprint model combination emergy analysis theory and ecological footprints model.It can quantitative analysis environmental carrying capacity of Jiaxing through comparing ecological carrying capacity and the ecological footprint occupancy. By empirical study, in the rapid development of Jiaxing economy at the same time, ecological deficit has happened in the regions of Jiaxing, total deficit is 3.15 times of the urban area. It shows that industrial structure adjusting of Jiaxing is in a very stressful situation. From ecological deficit proportion of five counties and two districts in Jiaxing to see, Pinghu constitutes 37.63% and Haiyan constitutes 24.65%，the sum up of two counties (city) is to 62.28%. They are the priority counties of the industry structure adjustment.

Measuring on the Sustainable Development in Ecotone: A Case Study of Dalate County in Inner Mongolia Province

Coordinating the relationship between economic development and ecological protection, a series of complex tests have been given to many governments，especialy in ecotone. taking Dalate County for example, the ecological characteristics and the situation economic development are evaluated by an improved ecological footprint model, which is based on emergy analysis theory and ecosystem service function model. The calculating results indicate that the ecological footprint of Dalate County is 3.9×106hm2 in total annualy, the actual output ecological capacity is 2.04×106hm2. There is a huge gap between ecological footprint and ecological capacity. The total ecosystem services value is 1.01×1010 CNY•a. And among all types land, woodland contributes the greatest, which is 4.19×109 CNY•a. Among all kinds service, regulation service take the largest proportion, which value is 5.53×109 CNY•a. Those results can be used to guide ecological protection and economic development in ecotones, like Dalate County in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Are all processes equally efficient from an emergy perspective?: Analysis of ecological and economic networks using matrix algebra methods

Matrix algebra methods have been developed in recent years to calculate transformities (energy quality indicators) from matrices of energy and mass flows in ecological and economic networks. This paper argues that the application of these methods by Emergy Analysts have unfortunately ignored the likelihood that in complex ecological and economic networks with many nodes and interconnecting pathways, that emergy efficiencies of all processes are expected in most cases to be different. Accordingly, this paper illustrates by a new method of emergy analysis that the emergy-based efficiency of most processes in the 1987 New Zealand energy system are not the same, and this is because we are dealing with a rectangular matrix of inconsistent equations. On the other hand, with square matrices (which usually represent consistent equations), the emergy-based efficiencies of the constituent processes are all the same, which is arguably no more than just an artefact of the aggregation required for the construction of these square matrices. This point is illustrated by the application of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method to energy and mass flows for the Schlei Fjord ecosystem in Germany. The paper concludes by suggesting that differing emergy efficiencies of processes in ecological and economic systems are indicative of the system being in a non-equilibrium state which has some important implications in terms of its future application and contribution to Emergy Analysis theory. Of more practical importance, it is suggested in the paper, that the application of this SVD method provides a rigorous basis for pinpointing those processes that are most efficient from an Emergy perspective, which is important in terms of informing environmental management and the analysis of public policy options.