Emergency Notification System Research Articles

KEY CHALLENGES AND THREATS FOR OPERATORS OF THE 112 EMERGENCY NUMBER DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MAZOWIECKIE VOIVODESHIP

The article attempts to analyze emergency calls to the 112 number and demonstrate the challengesand threats faced by the 112 operators in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship during the COVID-19pandemic, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research focuses on changes inthe type of calls, the increase in the number of calls and other difficulties that operators have hadto face. The analysis is based on data from the period of 2017 to 2022, particularly highlighting thenew challenges caused by the pandemic, such as handling requests connected with COVID-19.The authors draw attention to the important role of operators in public health protection andtheir exposure to stress in difficult working conditions. The study aims to understand the burdenon the emergency notification system in the context of the pandemic and to highlight the role ofoperators in this process.

Smart Helmet

Abstract: The smart helmet is a unique concept that makes motorcycles safer than ever. This is a way to start and stop the car without wearing a helmet. Moreover, one of its great features is that it can quickly report the location of the bike to a specific person before an accident occurs and after the accident, with the help of GPS and GSM based tracking. Ambulance can easily reach the scene. We want to use the sensor in the helmet vibration sensor. Traffic in India is so abundant and dense that it can take time to travel even a few kilometers, which can be inconvenient for cyclists. Additionally, if you answer the phone while driving, accidents may occur. Even in remote areas, it can be very difficult to find the person who caused the accident. We have created a helmet with the best solutions to solve existing problems. The helmet is equipped with Bluetooth 5.0 headphones. We can easily get through calls and continue talking without removing the helmet. By sending a rescue notification to the desired number, it helps to deliver medicine to the victim quickly. In other emergencies such as bullying, theft, or violence, the emergency notification system can be used to request help from police or family members. These situations led us to create a smart helmet that uses the Internet of Things to reduce the risk of accidents and deaths.

Emergency Calls in Poland as Compared with Other European Union Countries

This article describes how the emergency notification system operates in Poland and presents the scale and use of the emergency number by the public based on an analysis of statistical data. The data collected was compared with data from other European Union countries. An outline of the steps taken by member states to reduce the number of calls blocking the emergency line is also presented

Smart Accident Detection and Emergency Notification System with GPS and GSM Integration

In the aftermath of an incident, numerous valuable lives are tragically forfeited due to the lack of timely and adequate emergency response services. Hence, there arises a necessity for a device to be installed in vehicles that are capable of detecting any untoward incidents and promptly notifying the nearest emergency services providers such as hospitals, ambulance services, and police stations. This paper outlines the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based device that comprises an Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller, an accelerometer sensor, a GPS module, and a GSM module. Real-time information about the accident's location, time, and date are sent using GPS and communicated to the emergency service provider through GSM. Upon receiving this crucial information, the emergency service provider can promptly take appropriate action, thereby potentially saving numerous lives affected by the accident.

Practice and Politics of Land Use for Urban Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in Blantyre and Lilongwe Cities, Malawi

Malawi’s population is fast growing, with a good share of urban residents being susceptible to environmental risks and disasters. This risk is aggravated by climate change. Blantyre and Lilongwe cities are not spared by this scenario. The study used household survey, key informant interviews, observation, and experience to gather primary data, and desk study to solicit secondary data. Random and purposive sampling was employed to identify survey respondents and informants, respectively. Content analysis was used to establish themes and relationships. A good number of regulatory frameworks (policies) and programmes for abating urban climate change mitigation and adaptation have been in place, but implementation is a challenge. Political interference tends to shift priorities on policies to be implemented at one particular point in time of a political regime, and this has culminated into a sour relationship between politics and land use planning, with the former jeopardizing the practice by the latter. Funding insufficiency, uncontrolled development, political interference, corruption and lack of transparency, insufficient stakeholder engagement, and poor planning contribute to poor and insufficient disaster risk management, and to increased disaster risks in Blantyre and Lilongwe cities. Citizen involvement in appropriate and effective land use planning process, regular communication on the availability of safety information, and robust emergency notification system can make communities in Lilongwe and Blantyre cities resilient from climate-related risks. The urban governance system has to be strengthened. There is need for adequate political will for mobilization of urban climate governance efforts.

CHANGES IN FUNCTIONING OF THE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND THE 112 EMERGENCY NUMBER IN POLAND

Introduction. Striving to improve performance should be a characteristic feature of any system. This particularly concerns systems dedicated to the protection of human life and health. The efficiency of these systems often decides about the survival of an injured person. Such a system is the emergency notification system, which has been functioning in Poland since 2013, responsible for the efficient operation of the emergency number 112. Results and discussion. The article presents the organization of the emergency notification system, which operates throughout Poland in a continuous system. Emergency numbers are handled by Rescue Notification Centres, which operate in 16 voivodships and additionally in the capital city of the country - Warsaw. Since the launch of the emergency notification system, several changes have been introduced, aimed at improving its efficiency and enhancing the functionality of the 112 emergency number. It has been assumed that the emergency notification system consists of the emergency notification centres (CPR), constituting a uniform system for handling emergency calls directed to the emergency number 112. Handing over such a call enables the initiation of the rescue procedure and involvement of relevant rescue resources. Specific rescue tasks in the system are performed by medical rescue units, fire brigades and police. Many other services also cooperate with the system, such as gas and electricity emergency services. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that changes in the emergency notification system contributed to increasing its efficiency. Integration of the fire brigade (998) and police (997) emergency numbers under a common 112 number enables a quick rescue action and dispatching the appropriate formation. The change of positions in Rescue Notification Centres should also be assessed positively. Emergency number operators can be promoted and improve their qualifications. It has been acknowledged that non-alarm notifications, which block the system and increase the financial costs of its operation, are still a problem in the functioning of the emergency notification system. Therefore,continuous education of the public should be carried out in order to raise awareness of the principles of use of the emergency number 112.

THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM ON THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT PROCESS

The article is the analysis of the organization of the emergency notification system in Poland in the context of changes that have occurred in it since the beginning of its operation. First, the structure of emergency notification centres and the role of the operator of emergency numbers are described. Next, the changes introduced by the amendment to the legal acts relating to the emergency notification system were assessed. The scope of changes and their impact on the process of receiving emergency notifications in emergency notification centres are presented.

Analysis of calls made to emergency number 112

This article presents the division of calls that are made to public safety answering points in the Republic of Poland. Next those calls were analysed starting from the very beginning of the operation of the emergency notification system, taking into account their percentage division into justified, false and cancelled calls. Factors that influence the number and type of registered calls were also presented. The last part of the article refers to proposed changes that could be made to reduce the number of false calls.

A Smart Emergency Notification System for Road Accident, Fire, and Injury Cases

Abstract In this article, a system Smart Emergency Notification System (SENS) is proposed for both emergency responders and the community. SENS detects single/multiple emergency case(s) (i.e. road accident, fire, and injury) automatically from images sent by a smartphone via the Internet by the proposed promising approach; afterward, it notifies the police, fire brigade, and/or ambulance. The SENS has three modules: the mobile application SENSdroid, the Web application WebSENS, and the software agent NotiSENS, which uses the proposed approach. This approach is as follows. First, a dataset that contains accident, fire, and injury images was constructed; their labels were obtained for training; the trained results, Google Cloud Vision API, and cosine similarity measurement were used to detect the emergency case(s) for an input image. Based on the test results, the approach has 84% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 88% accuracy. It is possible to say that SENS would have a positive effect on helping the harmed person, supporting the staff on duty, protecting the person who can be harmed, and/or saving Nature. Additionally, this system would have high usability because of its easy-to-use features and high rates of smartphone and Internet users. It is believed that SENS could be an efficient and useful system.

A secure Internet of Things medical information sharing and emergency notification system based on nonrepudiation mechanism

AbstractAs the network technologies have rapidly developed in recent years, many Internet of Things (IoT) based services and applications have walked into our daily lives; one of these is the medical information system. In the early days, medical information was recorded and stored in article form. It contains a patient identity background, past medical history, and records of medical payment. With the development of medical technology, medical information is now stored and transmitted electronically. Medical information may be a person's most private information, but due to network operation errors or hacking attacks, there has been a crisis of large‐scale leakage of these personal privacy data in the past. In any cases, how to protect this medical information and ensure the privacy of patients has become a topic worthy of research. Therefore, many kinds of literature discussed how to improve medical information systems. In addition, how to effectively treat patients when accidents happen is also a topic worthy of research. Therefore, combined with IoT technologies and medical devices, it has been opened a whole new future for medical information system. This study focuses on security and privacy issues to design a security scheme for healthcare environments when a person encountered physical emergency. Mobile devices and cloud computing are combined into the proposed platform. The proposed scheme can defend against impersonation attack, man‐in‐middle attack, and replay attack. The modal logic is used to verify the proposed scheme. By using digital signature and SVO logic mechanism, the proposed scheme is proven with nonrepudiation.

Impacts of information from various sources on the evacuation decision-making process during no-notice evacuations in campus environment

This article studies the impacts of disaster- and evacuation-related information from various information sources on university campus community members’ evacuation decision-making process during no-notice evacuations. These information sources include emergency notification system (ENS) on campus, people nearby, and social networking services (SNS). A survey is conducted to address these questions using participants recruited from the West Lafayette Campus of Purdue University (United States of America), including students, staff and faculty members. Descriptive statistics and structural equation model estimation results show that information from sources with higher perceived credibility has a larger impact on participants’ evacuation-related decisions compared to those with lower ones. The study suggests the importance of increasing the credibility and number of followers of the SNS account used by ENS to enable the use of SNS as a complementary low-cost solution to more effectively disseminate disaster- or/and evacuation-related information to ensure that people’s actions enhance their safety.

Design of Emergency Notification System based on Heart Rate and Body Temperature Data

Design of Emergency Notification System based on Heart Rate and Body Temperature Data

EMERGENCY PUBLIC NOTIFICATION BY THE STATE AUTHORITIES

The article deals with the issue of developing the emergency notification system by the central executive authorities at the national, regional, and local levels.

Edge-based compression and classification for smart healthcare systems: Concept, implementation and evaluation

Smart healthcare systems require recording, transmitting and processing large volumes of multimodal medical data generated from different types of sensors and medical devices, which is challenging and may turn some of the remote health monitoring applications impractical. Moving computational intelligence to the network edge is a promising approach for providing efficient and convenient ways for continuous-remote monitoring. Implementing efficient edge-based classification and data reduction techniques are of paramount importance to enable smart healthcare systems with efficient real-time and cost-effective remote monitoring. Thus, we present our vision of leveraging edge computing to monitor, process, and make autonomous decisions for smart health applications. In particular, we present and implement an accurate and lightweight classification mechanism that, leveraging some time-domain features extracted from the vital signs, allows for a reliable seizures detection at the network edge with precise classification accuracy and low computational requirement. We then propose and implement a selective data transfer scheme, which opts for the most convenient way for data transmission depending on the detected patient’s conditions. In addition to that, we propose a reliable energy-efficient emergency notification system for epileptic seizure detection, based on conceptual learning and fuzzy classification. Our experimental results assess the performance of the proposed system in terms of data reduction, classification accuracy, battery lifetime, and transmission delay. We show the effectiveness of our system and its ability to outperform conventional remote monitoring systems that ignore data processing at the edge by: (i) achieving 98.3% classification accuracy for seizures detection, (ii) extending battery lifetime by 60%, and (iii) decreasing average transmission delay by 90%.

Development of a methodology to predict and monitor emergency situations of the elderly based on object detection

Because on the increase in the number of the elderly living alone and accidents occurring to them, the demand for a monitoring system capable of supporting fast response in case of an emergency situation by monitoring their everyday life in their residential spaces has been increasing. A framework and a system are presented to monitor the emergency situations of the elderly living alone using a low-cost device and open-source software. First, human pose recognition and emergency situations according to the pose change were defined using object recognition, and a procedure capable of detecting such situations was proposed. In addition, a pose recognition model was created using the TensorFlow Object Detection application programming interface (API) of Google to implement the procedure. Using a data preprocessing process and the created model, a system capable of detecting emergency situations and sounding an alarm was implemented. To verify the proposed system, the pose recognition success rate was examined, and an experiment on emergency situation recognition was performed while the angle and distance of the camera were varied in a setup similar to the residential environment. It is expected that the proposed framework for the emergency notification system for the elderly will be utilized for the analysis of various behavior patterns, such as the sudden abnormal behavior of the elderly, people with disabilities, and children.

Türkiye İçin Yeni Nesil Acil Çağrı Sistemi

Next Generation Emergency Notification System after emergency call (eCall) equipped vehicle regulations with the legislation EU-2015/758 will be an obligation in EU in 2018 and eCall units are set up into the vehicles in Turkey after 2018. ‘Data Gathering by stage PSAP1 and resource Dispatching by stage PSAP2 in an integrated control room’ which is applied in Turkey will be modified via Turkey’s traffic management. Traffic and vehicle infrastructures will be updated after eCall equipped vehicle regulations. In this study, next generation emergency call system in vehicles is introduced and Optimal traffic infrastructure in Turkey is analysed via cost modeling.

Field Tests of a Tractor Rollover Detection and Emergency Notification System.

The objective of this research was to assess the feasibility of a rollover detection and emergency notification system for farm tractors using field tests. The emergency notification system was developed based on a tractor stability model and implemented on a mobile electronic device with the iOS operating system. A complementary filter was implemented to combine the data from the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors to improve their accuracies in calculating the roll and pitch angles and the roll and pitch rates. The system estimates a stability index value during tractor operation, displays feedback messages when the stability index is lower than a preset threshold value, and transmits emergency notification messages when an overturn happens. Ten tractor rollover tests were conducted on a field track. The developed system successfully monitored the stability of the tractor during all of the tests. The iOS application was able to detect rollover accidents and transmit emergency notifications in the form of a phone call and email when an accident was detected. The system can be a useful tool for training and education in safe tractor operation. The system also has potential for stability monitoring and emergency notification of other on-road and off-road motorized vehicles.

Successful prevention may not be enough: A case study of how managing a threat triggers a threat

This case study examines student perceptions of a university's management of an alleged threat against their campus that was posted on Facebook. The timeline of events describes how the university's threat prevention response triggered a rumor crisis due to incomplete and poorly timed official information dissemination. A convenience sample of students completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of informal and formal communication about the alleged threat, satisfaction with threat prevention, and perceptions of the emergency text message system. Satisfaction with the university's response varied by students’ feelings of information adequacy. Some students resisted registering for the emergency notification system.

“You’ve Been Warned?”

Outdoor emergency sirens are used as a major component of the Emergency Management Agency’s Emergency Alert and Notification System in tornado-prone Alabama and many other areas of the U.S. This study examines public perceptions and reactions to the sirens for notification of tornadoes as well as perceptions of the usefulness of alternative means of notification. In April 2011 a major tornado swept through northeast Alabama leaving in its wake over 300 fatalities and massive destruction. Faculty and students of a mid-sized university in Calhoun County, Alabama were surveyed before and after the devastating 2011 tornado. Although the respondents find the sirens helpful, they have difficulty understanding the tones and spoken messages emitted by the sirens. In general, concerns about tornadoes did not increase after the 2011 tornado. However, those who did experience an increase in concern were likely to change their behavior in preparations and response to tornadoes.

Remote Monitoring of Patients and Emergency Notification System for U-Healthcare

This study proposes a remote monitoring of patients and emergency notification system with a camera and pulse wave sensor for U-Healthcare. The proposed system is a server client model based U-Healthcare system which consists of wireless clients that have micro-controller, embedded-board for patient status monitoring and a remote management server. The remote management server observes the change of pulse wave data individually in real-time sent from the clients that is to be remote-monitored based on the pulse wave data stored by users and divides them into caution section and emergency section. When the pulse wave data of a user enters an emergency situation, the administrator can make a decision based on the real-time image information and pulse rate variability. When the status of the monitored patient enters the emergency section, the proposed U-healthcare system notifies the administrator and relevant institutions. An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the pulse wave recognition of the proposed system. Key words: Embedded System, Pulse Rate Monitoring, Server-Client Communication, Emergency Detection and Notification