Emergency Lighting Research Articles

Solar Powered Smart Emergency Light with Fire Detection and Alarm System

Solar Powered Smart Emergency Light with Fire Detection and Alarm System

Development of an Improved Communication Control System for ATV Electric Vehicles Using MRS Developers Studio

Transmission, energy management, and distribution systems are critical components of modern electric vehicles, encompassing all sectors of the power system through communication control technology. One widely used communication system in electric vehicles is the Controller Area Network (CAN). This research aims to investigate the development of CAN BUS technology, adapted from large trucks, to control the communication system within an ATV electric vehicle using a communication format similar to bus Communication. The communication control system includes several components: the engine switch, headlight, turn signal, emergency light, horn, forward/reverse gear, and accelerator. The system’s communication protocols were developed using MRS Developers Studio version 1.40 software to create the data transmission and reception formats for the vehicle’s components. The communication system employs three PLC 1.033.30B.00 type E control boxes, each with limited analog and digital input/output ports. The sequence of communication control begins with the engine start/stop operation, as the system will not function unless the engine is started first. The headlight operation is processed within the CAN BUS1 control box. Simultaneously, the turn signal and emergency light functions are controlled by CAN BUS1 and displayed on both the CAN BUS2 (front of the vehicle) and CAN BUS3 (rear of the vehicle) control boxes. Additionally, the accelerator function is managed within the CAN BUS2 control box and displayed on the CAN BUS3 control box. However, this operation is contingent upon the forward/reverse gear selection, managed by CAN BUS1 and processed by CAN BUS3. All system operations are designed within the software’s programming paths. The communication system operates using CAN-High and CAN-Low lines, and communication data fields can be monitored using the PCAN-View software version 4.2.1.533. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of adapting CAN BUS technology for ATV electric vehicles, providing insights into the integration and control of various vehicular components within a unified communication framework.

Stepwise Charge/Energy Transfer in MR-TADF Molecule-Doped Exciplex for Ultralong Persistent Luminescence Activated with Visible Light.

Organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL), which relies on energy storage for delayed light emission by the charge separation state, has attracted intense attention in various optical applications. However, charge separation (CS) is efficient only under ultraviolet excitation in most OLPL systems because it requires a driving force from the large energy difference between the local excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) states. In this study, a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecule is incorporated into an exciplex system to achieve efficient OLPL in a composite material activated by visible light via a stepwise charge/energy transfer process. The enhanced absorption of the composite material facilitated a tenfold increase in the duration of the OLPL, which can last for several hours under visible light excitation. The excited state of the MR-TADF molecule tends to charge transfer to the acceptor, followed by energy transfer to the exciplex, which benefits from the small difference between the LE and CT states owing to the inherent CS characteristics of the opposing resonance effect. Afterglow displays of these composite materials are fabricated to demonstrate their considerable potential in encryption patterns and emergency lights, which take advantage of their excellent processability, visible light activation, and tunable luminescence properties.

Developments and trends in emergency lighting systems: from energy-efficiency to zero electrical power consumption

Developments and trends in emergency lighting systems: from energy-efficiency to zero electrical power consumption

Behavior Selection Models of Fire Evacuations with the Consideration of Adaptive Evacuation Psychologies

With the acceleration of urbanization, the increasing frequency of building fires has caused a large number of deaths and economic losses. In order to delve into the evacuation route selection behaviors seen in library fires and analyze the impacts of individual evacuation psychologies on route decisions during escaping, based on practical survey data from the library on the Boda campus of Xinjiang University, this study built a mixed Logit (ML) model irrespective of latent psychological variables and a hybrid choice model (HCM) considering the latent variables of adaptive evacuation psychologies to investigate the internal formation mechanism of evacuees’ route decisions. The results indicate that evacuees’ non-adaptive conformity psychology, adaptive altruism psychology, and environmental familiarity have significant impacts on their route decisions. The stronger the evacuees’ non-adaptive inertia psychology, the more they lean towards the shortest route. Meanwhile, altruistic adaptive evacuation psychology has a significant negative impact on the probability of choosing the longest route. The stronger the evacuees’ environmental familiarity, the more they tend to choose the evacuation route with good emergency lighting. Personal socio-economic attributes have varying impacts on peoples’ evacuation route decisions. The findings of our study provide theoretical support for sustainable planning, preparedness, and the design of fire evacuations. This contribution aids in advancing sustainable practices for emergency responses.

Emergency evacuation based on long range communication technology

The complexity and uncertainty of a fire in a large public building with complex structure leads to risks during emergency evacuation. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct intelligent emergency evacuation according to the situational development of the accident environment, the crowding degree of evacuation routes, as well as the reliability and flexibility of data transmission in large complex building structures. In this study, we develop an Intelligent Emergency Evacuation System (IEES) based on the Long Range (LoRa) communication technology and the Evacuation Decision Optimization Model (EDOM). The IEES comprises three parts, i.e., multi-sensor Fire Monitoring System (FMS), Central Control System (CCS), and Wireless Evacuation Indication System (WEIS). The LoRa communication technology is used for data transmission among the three parts of the IEES to assist large scale evacuation. The EDOM is developed to support the CCS based on the improved adaptive ant colony algorithm. To facilitate the evacuation decision optimization, the initial node database in the evacuation spatial network is established intelligently on the Building Information Modeling (BIM) platform. An on-site application in a subway station with three underground floors is conducted. The results demonstrate that the IEES can guide people in evacuating from hazardous locations according to the state of the fire. Moreover, the phenomena of crowd retention and congestion at a few certain evacuation exits are considerably reduced to achieve global optimization of the evacuation path and accomplish the objective of intelligent emergency evacuation. Furthermore, WEIS can maintain normal operation and have good visibility in the fire environment of heat radiation and thick smoke. The IEES can realize dual wireless indication of vision and sound perception, and its response time is slightly affected by the building structure and transmission distance. The electromagnetic signal of electrical equipment and the operational state of vehicles in and out of the subway station causes the response time to a relatively larger lag. The response time of the IEES is delayed up to 14 ms. Nonetheless, it fulfills the requirements of response time of evacuation indication signs stated in the Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuate Indicating System.

Multifunctional street lighting lamp

This article delves into the evolution of street lamps, focusing particularly on the revolutionary concept of multifunctionality. We describe a street lamp that not only provides illumination but also incorporates features such as wireless charging capabilities, predictive control systems, IR heating and environmental monitoring sensors. Lighting will be controlled using a decentralized system. Each lamp will contain its own control unit, which enables emergency lighting control in the event of a communication failure.

A kind of Coal Mines Use Emergency Lighting Equipment on the Coal Mining Working Surface Practice and Application

A kind of Coal Mines Use Emergency Lighting Equipment on the Coal Mining Working Surface Practice and Application

Preparedness of Rumah Ilmu Library in Facing Fire Disasters: Safety Education for Campus Society

Due to its contents and amenities, Rumah Ilmu, a library building at Universitas Negeri Semarang, is vulnerable to fire disasters. The goal of this study is to analyse the safety aspects of Rumah Ilmu building. In this study, a qualitative methodology and a descriptive strategy were applied and a direct interview with the informants was conducted to collect the data needed. This study was carried out between February and March of 2023. Rumah Ilmu building has met all the government's standards with the fulfilment of 10 components (71.42%), However, 3 components (21.42%) consisting of fire extinguishers, evacuation directions, and assembly points have been implemented but have not met the standards, and 1 component (7.16%) has not been implemented at all, namely the main gate. Suggestions for the preparedness of the Rumah Ilmu in dealing with disasters include increasing the number of fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and rescue facilities, such as installing emergency lighting, adding an area for assembly points, checking periodically related to exit door locking, and arranging an evacuation plan. Additionally, disaster mitigation education should be provided through training, educational videos, and posters to staff and visitors.

Desain Lampu Cerdas Berbasis Arduino Nano Untuk Kondisi Bencana

This research offers the manufacture of an emergency light prototype using Arduino Nano as the main controller. This prototype uses a buck converter in collaboration with an Arduino Nano to regulate the duty cycle with Pulse Width Modulation, based on feedback from voltage and current sensors. MOSFETs are used to regulate the voltage from a 10 Wp solar panel using the PWM method which is controlled by Arduino Nano. This buck converter is an inverting type because it changes the position of the supply voltage. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is used to optimize energy from solar cells by finding optimal working points, ensuring maximum efficiency. This research also uses a 3.7 V lithium battery with a capacity of 18,650 mAh as a load for a series of prototype lights with the Joule Thief concept. The Joule Thief circuit is a minimalist oscillating voltage amplifier that is economical and easy to make, suitable for driving LED lights or DC dynamos. The results of this research show that the DC-DC MPPT buck converter based on the Arduino nano microcontroller can work well. By setting the duty cycle to 80 percent and a frequency of 62.5 kHz, current and voltage measurements produce an output of 4.95 volts - 5 volts.

Emergency Light with Dark Switch and Motion Sensor

The general objective of this research was to make an alternative means of producing light by the use of some simple materials at home. The specific objective of the study was to construct lighting system for emergency purposes which can use at schools, offices, hotels, hospitals and even in our homes. This study also aims to develop more suitable and efficient lighting system which uses motion sensor and dark sensor for switching devices. In this study, there are some advantages considered: (1) equipped with dark sensor which only activates standby light when the light in the surrounding is not sufficient during power outage; (2) equipped with motion sensors for switching device which will activate it brightness if there’s a presence of motion within an angle of 120 degrees and a maximum distance of 7 meters; (3) can give high frequency of emergency lighting during power outage. As the result of the study, this gadget only operates in dark surroundings and can give higher brightness if motion is sensed in a given angle and distance. To this end, this initial study formulated theories which stated that this gadget consumes less amount of energy and can operates automatically without directly controlled by a person.

The Implementation of Life Saving Facilities at RSUD Surabaya East Java Province in 2023

The implementation of life-saving facilities is crucial to be considered in a hospital in order to minimize adverse events during emergency conditions. This study aims to describe the implementation of life-saving facilities at RSUD Suraabaya, East Java Province. The research utilizes a descriptive method with data collection through observation and measurement. The research subject is located at RSUD Surabaya, East Java Province, with the K3RS organization as the respondent. The variables examined include the identification of potential fire hazards and life-saving facilities such as emergency stairs, emergency doors, emergency lights, exit routes, exit signs, and assembly points. Data analysis is conducted descriptively. The research findings indicate that the identification of potential fire hazards in both the New and Old Buildings under normal conditions is in accordance with the applicable Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Emergency stairs and emergency doors fall under the category of being sufficient, emergency lights fall under the category of being insufficient, while the exit routes, exit signs, and assembly points fall under the category of being good. Overall, the assessment of life-saving facilities falls under the category of being sufficient. Therefore, it is recommended that RSUD Surabaya, East Java Province, conducts monitoring regarding the compliance with SOP, carries out improvements, and procures life-saving facilities that do not meet the requirements.

How individuals sense environments during indoor emergency wayfinding: An eye-tracking investigation

Emergency wayfinding is a critical aspect of indoor evacuations. People typically rely on environmental cues to determine their location and navigate their way. However, there is limited exploration into how individuals perceive their surroundings during emergency wayfinding. Through a virtual reality (VR) controlled experiment integrated with eye-tracking, this study explores how individuals sense the environment during evacuations. Participants were immersed in a virtual scenario simulating a building fire and had to choose between Routes 1 and 2 at an intersection for evacuations. The experimental results show individuals' visual attention is positively related to their wayfinding choices. Specifically, familiarity has a significant influence on individuals' visual attention and route choices. Participants who were familiar with Route 2 before evacuations showed increased fixation frequency but smaller saccade velocity during evacuations, reducing their likelihood of detecting the exit sign at the intersection and using Route 1. Neighbor behavior influenced participants' visual information searching and route choices. When virtual neighbors evacuated via Route 1 at the intersection, participants gazed at Route 1 more and were also more likely to use it. The visibility of the exit door on Route 1 also affected both participants' visual attention and route choices. However, the change in emergency lighting did not significantly influence participants’ route choices or their visual attention to Route 1 and the exit sign. These findings enrich our knowledge of human emergency wayfinding and hold significant implications for enhancing building design and evacuation planning.

Quasi‐Continuous Defect Levels in Broadband Gap: A New Strategy for High‐Temperature Long Persistent Luminescence Materials

AbstractLong persistent luminescence (LPL) materials widely employed in the fields of emergency lighting and anti‐counterfeiting are mostly used at room temperature. As temperatures rise, the performance of LPL materials deteriorates dramatically, which hinders their application in in vivo imaging, high‐temperature display, and information storage. Herein, a multifunctional material LiGa5O8:Tb3+ (LGT) with green high‐temperature LPL (HT‐LPL) and blue cathodoluminescence (CL) is reported. Its LPL performance is anomalously enhanced with increasing temperature, and the duration time is more than 8 h at 423 K. With combined temperature‐dependent decay curves and thermoluminescence analyses, the unique quasi‐continuous defect levels are found in the band gap. The high‐concentration carriers in deep traps are frozen at room temperature and activated only at high temperatures, accompanied by changes in energy transfer pathways. The excellent HT‐LPL makes LGT a light‐emitting component of next‐generation smart wearable devices, as well as high‐temperature warning equipment in deep well exploration at a depth of 4500 m. The intense anti‐degradation blue CL makes it suitable for field emission displays, while the manipulable emission property makes it suitable for high‐level anti‐counterfeiting. This study fills a gap in HT‐LPL materials and opens up a new gateway for the efficient design of HT‐LPL and other multifunctional materials.

A 500-kHz ZVS Class-E Type DC–DC Converter With Two Anti-Series mosfets Topology

Power converters powered by batteries have been widely used in many applications, such as outdoor emergency lighting, electric motorcycle charger, unmanned aerial vehicle supply and so on. This paper presents a 500 kHz zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) Class E type DC-DC converter with two anti-series MOSFETs used for battery-powered applications. The low-side MOSFET is adopted as the main switch to realize the working operation of traditional Class E resonant converter, while the high-side anti-series MOSFET is used to implement the regulation of the converter output voltage based on pulse width modulation (PWM). Both active switches are ZVS operated so that a high efficiency can be achieved. By changing the high-side MOSFET duty cycle, the ac voltage of the resonant tank is also changed to regulate the output voltage consequently. The control method is simple, and the operating frequency is constant, which is beneficial for the design of the resonant components. A 100-W prototype is built to verify the validity of the proposed control method for which a 94.85% efficiency has been achieved.

Research and Application of Calibration Device for Fire Emergency Lighting Detector

In order to solve the problem of quantitative traceability of detection devices for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems. Method analysis and research were conducted on parameters such as emergency switching time, emergency working time, DC charging voltage, DC discharge voltage, DC charging current, DC discharge current, environmental test temperature, and environmental test humidity. We searched for appropriate calibration methods for the technical characteristics of each parameter and designed a set of calibration devices for fire emergency lighting detectors. The test results show that the technical indicators of the calibration device can meet the traceability requirements of the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system.

Risk Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Associated with Dangerous Goods Transportation on the Cross-Tributary Bridges of Baiyangdian Lake

The issue of sudden water pollution resulting from accidents is a challenging environmental problem to address. The frequency of transport accidents involving hazardous materials over tributary bridges is steadily rising due to rapid industrialization and urbanization processes. This trend poses a significant threat to both the water’s ecological environment and human well-being. To effectively mitigate the risks associated with water pollution caused by accidents during the transportation of dangerous goods, this research focused on Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater lake in North China. Thid study employed the expert judgment fuzzy language method and Bayesian network model as analytical tools to assess and analyze the potential risks associated with sudden water pollution accidents caused by the transportation of hazardous materials on bridges spanning tributaries. Through an examination of the various risk factors involved, the research identified four primary indicators and ten secondary indicators. Additionally, an oil leakage accident scenario was simulated, and recommendations for risk prevention and control measures were provided. The findings of the study indicated that: (1) The likelihood of risk associated with driver factors, vehicle emergency factors, fuel tank emergency factors, road factors, and lighting factors is elevated. (2) The probability of a dangerous goods transportation accident occurring on the Baiyangdian cross-tributary bridge is substantial, thereby presenting a potential hazard to both the water environment and human health. (3) Vehicle emergency factors, vehicle wear factors, and weather factors exert a significant influence on the incidence of accidents. (4) The highest likelihood of accidents is associated with a combination of factors, including driver fatigue, vehicle and fuel tank deterioration, and adverse weather conditions. (5) In instances where the vehicle and fuel tank are well-maintained, the probability of accidents is greatest on the cross tributary bridge, particularly when the driver is fatigued, weather conditions are unfavorable, and there is a lack of street lighting during nighttime. Implementing emergency prevention and control measures proved to be an effective approach in mitigating the risk of sudden water pollution accidents. This study offers valuable insights into risk mitigation and management strategies for emergent water pollution incidents, and the framework presented herein can be readily applied to other rivers worldwide confronting comparable risk challenges.

ANALYSIS OF FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM ON THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL LABORATORY BUILDING OF AR-RANIRY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY BANDA ACEH INDONESIA

Fire can occur if three main elements are met, namely heat, oxygen, and fuel or it is called the fire triangle. Risks arising from fire incidents can be minimized by a fire protection system and the reliability of building safety systems. To ensure that the two systems run optimally, an evaluation and examination are needed on the existing conditions based on the applicable safety technical standards. This study aims to determine the existing condition of the applied fire protection system and to determine the reliability of the building safety system in the Ar-Raniry Multifunctional Laboratory Building. This research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive method. Research data collection was carried out using observation and interview methods. The observation method for existing conditions was carried out using a checklist compiled based on the Indonesian Minister Public Works’ Regulation Number 26/PRT/M/2008 of 2008 for fire protection systems and fire protection code from the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia Number Pd-T-11-2005-C on the reliability of building safety systems. The results show that the fire protection system in the UIN Ar-Raniry Multifunction Laboratory building was in the Enough category, with a value of 3.25. This is due to the absence of several active fire protection instruments such as fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and hydrants. Addionally, from the results of the reliability of the building safety system for the UIN Ar-Raniry Multifunction Laboratory building, it is in the Enough category with a value of 63.02. This is caused by the absence of emergency lighting and water sources as a source of hydrant water.

Implementing Pulse Width Modulation to Achieve Low-Cost, Automatic, and Energy-Efficient Emergency Lighting

Implementing Pulse Width Modulation to Achieve Low-Cost, Automatic, and Energy-Efficient Emergency Lighting

Energizing Emergency Exit Signs with Wireless Energy Transfer

Emergency exit lights in public buildings are necessary for safety and evacuation. International safety standards require such lighting in many public places, like airports, schools, malls, hospitals, and other spaces, to prevent human casualties in emergencies. Emergency exit lights have become an essential part of casualty reduction projects. They can pose several application problems, including fire safety concerns. The issue of providing a safe way and operating emergency exit lights along one side of a long path arises during an emergency. Many studies in this field consider the case in which emergency exit lights’ battery or main power fails. Power failures in dangerous situations such as fires or terrorist attacks make it difficult for people to escape. The lighting in open areas and stairwells during an emergency should be at least 2 lux. This work proposes an innovative technique for wirelessly powering emergency lights using microwave energy. Specifically, the study designed and fabricated a new wirelessly powered emergency lighting prototype. This prototype’s wireless power transfer (WPT) base comprises an RF/DC converter circuit and an RF microwave transmitter station. The device can harvest RF microwave energy to energize the emergency light. This research aimed to develop a compact device that captures maximum RF strength to power emergency lights. As a prototype, the proposed device was designed to provide sufficient microwave energy to power an emergency light at 3 W over a 62 m distance.