Emergency Contraception Methods Research Articles

Unfulfilled and method-specific contraceptive preferences among reproductive-aged contraceptive users in Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsin.

To identify characteristics associated with unfulfilled contraceptive preferences, document reasons for these unfulfilled preferences, and examine how these unfulfilled preferences vary across specific method users. We draw on secondary baseline data from 4660 reproductive-aged contraceptive users in the Arizona, Iowa, New Jersey, and Wisconsin Surveys of Women (SoWs), state-representative surveys fielded between October 2018 and August 2020 across the four states. This is an observational cross-sectional study, which examined associations between individuals' reproductive health-related experiences and contraceptive preferences, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Our primary outcome of interest is having an unfulfilled contraceptive preference, and a key independent variable is experience of high-quality contraceptive care. We also examine specific contraceptive method preferences according to current method used, as well as reasons for not using a preferred method. Survey respondents who indicated use of any contraceptive method within the last 3 months prior to the survey were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Overall, 23% reported preferring to use a method other than their current method, ranging from 17% in Iowa to 26% in New Jersey. Young age (18-24), using methods not requiring provider involvement, and not receiving quality contraceptive care were key attributes associated with unfulfilled contraceptive preferences. Those using emergency contraception and fertility awareness-based methods had some of the highest levels of unfulfilled contraceptive preferences, while pills, condoms, partner vasectomy, and IUDs were identified as the most preferred methods. Reasons for not using preferred contraceptive methods fell largely into one of two buckets: system-level or interpersonal/individual reasons. Our findings highlight that avenues for decreasing the gap between contraceptive methods used and those preferred to be used may lie with healthcare providers and funding streams that support the delivery of contraceptive care.

Motivators for emergency contraception: Previous pregnancy and condom rupture

ObjectivesLittle is known about the motivations to apply for emergency contraception (EC). Our first aim was to explore the motivating circumstances to use EC as fast as possible. Our second aim was to explore the contraceptive method of the population seeking EC. Study designThis present retrospective observational study between July 2021 and September 2021 is embedded in the MEEC (Motivation and Epidemiology of Emergency Contraceptive Pill) based on the study cohort of a Hungarian data bank containing follow-up data of 455 women applied for EC telemedicine consultation. Variables assessed were: age, gynecological history (pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages), data of the intercourse (elapsed time, contraceptive method), and data of the menstrual cycle, and relationship status. ResultsOf all patients, 59.3 % reported condom rupture, 29.5 % no protection, and 11.2 % other. Patients using condom applied for EC significantly sooner than those using no protection and using other protective methods. A significantly shorter elapsed time was observed in patients with a history of a previous pregnancy. No significant relationship was seen between the way of protection, previous pregnancies, and surprisingly the time of ovulation despite the obvious intention of avoiding pregnancy. ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine the potential role of epidemiologic factors as motivators for EC on the basis of a large patient cohort. Our study demonstrates the significant role of condom rupture/use and the history of previous pregnancies to be the strongest motivators for EC.

Efficacy of oral levonorgestrel emergency contraception with same day etonogestrel contraceptive implant: A prospective observational study

ObjectiveTo determine a 1-month pregnancy rate point estimate and 95% confidence interval for guideline-supported, same-day initiation of an etonogestrel implant plus oral levonorgestrel emergency contraception. Study designIn this single-arm, prospective observational study, all emergency contraception clients who presented to four Planned Parenthood Association of Utah clinics from February 2021 to March 2023 received information about oral levonorgestrel with same-day etonogestrel implant insertion. Participants were ≤35 years and reported unprotected intercourse within 5 days with negative pregnancy testing. The primary outcome measure was a 1-month home pregnancy test. We calculated the efficacy using a test of proportions with Yates continuity correction. ResultsA total of 160 emergency contraception clients (7.6% of 2106 approached) enrolled and 153 had 1-month pregnancy outcomes. A positive pregnancy test occurred in 2 participants resulting in an overall pregnancy rate of 1.32% (95% confidence interval 0.23%−5.19%). Ultrasound gestational dating assigned conception of the first pregnancy to 8 days before enrollment. For the second pregnancy, ultrasound dating designated conception at 5 days prior to enrollment. Limiting the efficacy rate to the single pregnancy that occurred within 5 days of unprotected intercourse, we report a pregnancy rate of 0.66% (95% confidence interval 0.03%−4.19%). ConclusionsIn this observational study of emergency contraception clients selecting oral levonorgestrel with same-day etonogestrel implant, we identified a pregnancy rate within the established range of oral emergency contraception methods alone. ImplicationsClients presenting for emergency contraception may also desire ongoing highly-effective contraception, yet current clinical guidelines serve as a barrier to same-day method initiation for the etonogestrel implant and other hormonal methods. Improving access to contraceptive method initiation will reduce the ongoing risk of unwanted pregnancy for this population. Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04678817; registered 12/16/20

Emergency contraception

Emergency contraception is an intervention aimed to prevent an unplanned or unintended pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or where inadequate contraception has been used. It is only recommended for occasional use, and patients should be advised regarding regular and preferably long-term contraception if suitable. The request for emergency contraception is a frequent presentation in general practice. Around 40% of pregnancies worldwide are estimated to be unplanned, and a significant proportion of unplanned pregnancies result in termination, leading to avoidable distress. Therefore, it is paramount that healthcare professionals understand the available methods of emergency contraception. This article will cover the available methods, looking at their indications, use, efficacy, risks, and benefits.

Counseling Program for Married Women Regarding Emergency Contraceptive Methods

Counseling Program for Married Women Regarding Emergency Contraceptive Methods

“A Lot of My Friends Don't Know How It Works”: Student Activists Describe Gaps in College Students' Emergency Contraception Knowledge

IntroductionDespite the high potential need for emergency contraception (EC) among college students, lack of accurate knowledge may decrease the likelihood of its use in this population. We examined knowledge about EC methods, potential outcomes of use, and access among college students in the United States. MethodsWe recruited college students from a listserv devoted to EC campus activism for an online survey about EC knowledge (N = 150) and conducted 24 follow-up in-depth interviews. We describe the share of respondents that correctly answered each question and provide additional context and insight from interview respondents. ResultsGaps in EC knowledge were noted in our sample of college student EC activists. Awareness of different methods of EC was not universal; 38% of the sample was unaware of ulipristal acetate (ella®) and 61% was unaware of the intrauterine device inserted after intercourse as EC. Many respondents also incorrectly perceived additional barriers to acquiring EC such as minimum age or an ID requirement to purchase EC (64% and 49%, respectively). Interview respondents describe how medical providers, such as student health services and pharmacists, can pose barriers to EC access through either their actions or how college students expect they will act. ConclusionsWe document several gaps in knowledge surrounding EC in college students, even in an activist sample. Additional efforts to inform students about the variety of available EC methods and address mistaken perceptions about barriers to access may allow college students to better meet their needs for EC.

What women should know about emergency contraception - analysis of women's awareness and experiences after its use

Introduction: Emergency contraception is a method of contraception instigated when the other ones have failed or after unprotected sex. Although highly effective, it is subject to the risk of side effects. Aim of the study: The purpose was to assess the women's knowledge regarding emergency contraception methods and to analyze the experience related to the use of levonorgestrel and ulipristal acetate. Materials and methods: The research was done by conducting an anonymous online survey. The study took place in May 2023 and included 214 women over 15 years of age. The results were analyzed in Excel with a consideration of scientific literature. Results: 64.5% of women indicated correctly what emergency contraception is, 13.1% misunderstood its definition. 86% of respondents were unaware that the emergency contraception could be used for up to 120 hours after sex. 45% of women who used emergency contraception had difficulties obtaining a prescription. 35% of those surveyed indicated that they had side effects, the two most commonly reported being nausea and fatigue. Conclusions: Most women know the definition of emergency contraception, however, the vast majority of the respondents failed to specify how soon the emergency contraception shall be implemented after the intercourse. A large percentage of women reported difficulties in obtaining a prescription for emergency hormonal contraceptives. Therefore, the society should be better educated when it comes to emergency contraception and further actions should be implemented to improve its availability.

Emergency contraception: society of family planning clinical recommendation (2023)

Emergency contraception (EC) refers to several contraceptive options that can be used within a few days after unprotected or under protected intercourse or sexual assault to reduce the risk of pregnancy. Current EC options available in the United States include the copper intrauterine device (IUD), levonorgestrel (LNG) 52 mg IUD, oral LNG, and oral ulipristal acetate (UPА).
 These clinical recommendations review the indications, effectiveness, safety, and side effects of emergency contraceptive methods; considerations for the use of EC by specific patient populations and in specific clinical circumstances and current barriers to emergency contraceptive access. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of LNG IUDs for emergency contraceptive use; address the effects of repeated use of UPА at different times in the same menstrual cycle; assess the impact on ovulation of initiating or reinitiating different regimens of regular hormonal contraception following UPА use; and elucidate effective emergency contraceptive pill options by body mass indices or weight.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of On-Demand, Any Cycle-Day Intrauterine Device Placement [ID: 1337731

INTRODUCTION: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a highly effective form of long-acting reversible contraception. In addition to the TCu380A IUD, the 52-mg-levonorgestrel IUD was recently demonstrated as a noninferior emergency contraception (EC) method, which would increase the menstrual cycle days on which an on-demand IUD placement protocol would be safe. Especially, considering up to 46% of patients that are lost to follow up if two-visit IUD placement protocol is used. This analysis aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of IUD provision of on-demand, any cycle-day, even if unable to reasonably exclude pregnancy. METHODS: We developed a decision-analytic model using TreeAge Pro 2022 software (TreeAge Software, Williamstown, MA) beginning with a patient presenting to clinic for IUD placement, either TCu380A or 52-mg-levonorgestrel IUD. Two strategies are modeled: on-demand placement after shared decision-making, even if unable to reasonably exclude pregnancy, and placement at follow-up visit. Our primary outcome is costs over 1 year from start of model. Our secondary outcomes include unplanned pregnancies averted and pregnancy types. RESULTS: Preliminary model analysis of 1,000 women over 1 year indicates on-demand, any cycle-day IUD placement averts 298 unplanned pregnancies compared to two-visit. Ectopic pregnancies, however, would increase to 9.92 from 6.31 per 1,000 women. The preliminary incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the model is $7,793 in favor of on-demand placement. Sensitivity analysis is forthcoming. CONCLUSION: A preliminary analysis favors the cost effectiveness of on-demand, any cycle-day IUD placement after shared-decision-making counseling. As we gather more data on the effectiveness of IUD as EC, the time frame for placement may extend, which will further support the practice of on-demand placement.

Progestin intrauterine devices versus copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception.

The copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is a highly effective method of contraception that can also be used for emergency contraception (EC). It is the most effective form of EC, and is more effective than other existing oral regimens also used for EC. The Cu-IUD provides the unique benefit of providing ongoing contraception after it is inserted for EC; however, uptake of this intervention has been limited. Progestin IUDs are a popular method of long-acting, reversible contraception. If these devices were also found to be effective for EC, they would provide a critical additional option for women. These IUDs could not only provide EC and ongoing contraception, but additional non-contraceptive benefits, including a reduction in menstrual bleeding, cancer prevention, and pain management. To examine the safety and effectiveness of progestin-containing IUDs for emergency contraception, compared with copper-containing IUDs, or compared with dedicated oral hormonal methods. We considered all randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies of interventions that compared outcomes for individuals seeking a levonorgestrel IUD (LNG-IUD) for EC to a Cu-IUD or dedicated oral EC method. We considered full-text studies, conference abstracts, and unpublished data. We considered studies irrespective of their publication status and language of publication. We included studies comparing progestin IUDs with copper-containing IUDs, or oral EC methods for emergency contraception. We systematically searched nine medical databases, two trials registries, and one gray literature site. We downloaded all titles and abstracts retrieved by electronic searching to a reference management database, and removed duplicates. Three review authors independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text reports to determine studies eligible for inclusion. We followed standard Cochrane methodology to assess risk of bias, and analyze and interpret the data. We used GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of the evidence. We included only one relevant study (711 women); a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial comparing LNG-IUDs to Cu-IUDs for EC, with a one-month follow-up. With one study, the evidence was very uncertain for the difference in pregnancy rates, failed insertion rates, expulsion rates, removal rates and the difference in the acceptability of the IUDs. There was also uncertain evidence suggesting the Cu-IUD may slightly increase rates of cramping and the LNG-IUD may slightly increase bleeding and spotting days. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: This review is limited in its ability to provide definitive evidence regarding the LNG-IUD's equivalence, superiority, or inferiority to the Cu-IUD for EC. Only one study was identified in the review, which had possible risks of bias related to randomization and rare outcomes. Additional studies are needed to provide definitive evidence related to the effectiveness of the LNG-IUD for EC.

Assessment of Reproductive Age Women Health Related Behavior Regarding Emergency Contraception Methods

Assessment of Reproductive Age Women Health Related Behavior Regarding Emergency Contraception Methods

Improving access to highly effective emergency contraception: an assessment of barriers and facilitators to integrating the levonorgestrel IUD as emergency contraception using two applications of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Emergency contraception prevents unwanted pregnancy after sexual intercourse. New evidence has demonstrated that the levonorgestrel 52 mg IUD is a highly effective method of emergency contraception. However, translating this research finding into clinical practice faces existing barriers to IUD access, including costs and provider training, novel barriers of providing IUDs for emergency contraception at unscheduled appointments. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to the utilization of the levonorgestrel IUD as emergency contraception from client, provider, and health systems perspectives. We conducted English and Spanish-speaking focus groups (n=5) of both contraceptive users (n=22) and providers (n=13) to examine how the levonorgestrel IUD as EC was perceived and understood by these populations and to determine barriers and facilitators of utilization. We used findings from our focus groups to design a high-fidelity in-situ simulation scenario around EC that we pilot tested with clinical teams in three settings (a county health department, a community clinic, and a midwifery clinic), to further explore structural and health systems barriers to care. Simulation scenarios examined health system barriers to the provision of the levonorgestrel IUD as EC. We coded both focus groups and in-clinic simulations using the modified Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We then applied our findings to the CFIR-Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) Barrier Busting Tool and mapped results to implement recommendations provided by participants. Ultimately, 9 constructs from the CFIR were consistently identified across focus groups and simulations. Main barriers included suboptimal knowledge and acceptability of the intervention itself, appropriately addressing knowledge and education needs among both providers and contraceptive clients, and adequately accounting for structural barriers inherent in the health system. The CFIR-ERIC Barrier Busting Tool identified eight strategies to improve levonorgestrel IUD as EC access: identifying implementation champions, conducting educational meetings, preparing educational toolkits, involving patients and their partners in implementation, conducting a local needs assessment, distributing educational materials, and obtaining patient feedback. To sustainably incorporate the levonorgestrel IUD as EC into clinical practice, education, health systems strengthening, and policy changes will be necessary.

Exploring the Role of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) as a Method of Emergency Contraception (EC).

Copper T 380-A (CuT380A) intrauterine device (IUD) has been an effective method of emergency contraception (EC). Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has not been approved by the Food and Drug Association for EC till now. There are few studies that provide data regarding the efficacy of LNG-IUS as EC. This systematic review tried to explore the efficacy of LNG-IUS in preventing accidental pregnancies up to five days of unprotected intercourse. A systematic review of the published studies on the use of LNG-IUS as EC was done. All randomized trials, prospective cohorts, retrospective cohorts. and case-control study designs pertaining to this topic were included in this review. Abstracts were retrieved and reviewed by two authors independently. Variables pertaining to socio-demographic parameters, EC use-related variables (reason for use, frequency, time elapsed since coitus), and those associated with sexual habits were selected and recorded. A total of six articles were rendered for the review. High school students and those attending college accounted for 36.8%-51.8% of the study population. Data on the reason for seeking EC showed noncompliance to routine contraception as the most common reason, followed by failure of withdrawal method, breach of barrier contraception, and unplanned intercourse. With a negligible failure rate, LNG-IUS seemed to be a good alternative to the existing copper EC. Considering the plethora of noncontraceptive benefits associated, LNG-IUS can be safely provided as an option of EC in the cafeteria approach within five days of unprotected intercourse.

Factors associated with failed contraception in women attending level one hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia.

Background: Unintended pregnancy is a major public health concern due to its impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. Contraceptive failure is one of the causes of unintended pregnancy. Data on factors associated with contraceptive method failure is scarce. This study therefore aimed to determine the proportions of contraceptive failure for various methods and factors associated with it.
 Methodology: Unmatched case-control study was conducted at five Level One Hospitals in Lusaka. Convenience sampling was used to enrol 108 cases for whom pregnancy occurred while on a modern contraceptive method and 108 controls who were on a modern contraceptive method and not pregnant. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were utilized for assessment of factors associated with failed contraception.
 Results: Among the 108 cases, 46 (42.6%), 40 (37%), 17 (15.7%) and 1 (0.9%) were on the oral contraceptive pill, injectable, implant and intrauterine device contraception methods respectively while 2 (1.9%) were on barrier and emergency contraceptive methods respectively. The odds of contraceptive failure when using the oral contraceptive pill was more than 7 times (AOR 7.790, 95% CI 1.210-50.161, p=0.031). Those who had contraception failure were more than 3 times more likely to be younger than 30 years old compared to those whose contraceptive method did not fail (AOR 3.559, 95% CI 1.100-11.521, p=0.034 and AOR 3.596, 95% CI 1.354-9.550, p=0.010 respectively for age groups 18-24 years and 24-30 years old). Other factors associated with a higher odds of contraceptive failure were duration of marriage greater than one year, with the highest odds in those married for more than 10 years (AOR 9.744, 95% CI 2.232-42.537, p=0.002), higher social support (AOR 2.402, 95% CI 1.085-5.321, p=0.031), multiparity (AOR 15.299, 95% CI 3.034-77.151, p=0.001), and duration of use of antecedent contraception method of more than 2-3 years (AOR 4.913, 95% CI 1.662-14.526, p=0.004).
 Conclusion: The oral contraceptive pill, younger age, marriage duration of more than one year and contraceptive use more than three years were associated with contraceptive failure. Good messaging and counseling on usage of the oral contraceptive pill is recommended.

Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV Testing, Contraception, and Emergency Contraception Care Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Women Who Are Racial/Ethnic Minorities

PurposeSexual minority women and racial/ethnic minority women in the United States are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. Yet, we know little about STI/HIV testing and contraceptive care among women who have sex with women only and women who have sex with both women and men, and who are racial/ethnic minorities. This study examined receipt of STI/HIV testing and contraceptive care among sexually active adolescent women by sex of sexual contact(s) and race/ethnicity. MethodsOur sample included 2,149 sexually active adolescent women from the National Survey of Family Growth (2011–2019). We examined receipt of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services by sex of sexual contact(s) and race/ethnicity: STI and HIV testing, contraceptive counseling, contraceptive method, emergency contraception (EC) counseling, and EC method. ResultsService receipt was low for all adolescent women, with disparities by sex of sexual contact(s) and by race/ethnicity. Women who have sex with women only had the lowest rates across all services; women who have sex with both women and men had higher rates of STI and HIV testing and EC counseling than women who have sex with men only. Non-Hispanic Black women had higher rates of STI and HIV testing than non-Hispanic White peers, and non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women had lower rates of contraception method receipt than their non-Hispanic White peers. Racial/ethnic disparities persisted when results were stratified by sex of sexual contact(s). DiscussionThere is an unmet need for improved SRH service delivery for all adolescent women and for services that are not biased by sex of sexual contact(s) and race/ethnicity.

Emergency Contraception: Access and Challenges at Times of Uncertainty.

The UN Commission on Life-Saving Commodities for Women and Children identified emergency contraceptive pills as 1 of the 13 essential underused, low-cost, and high-impact commodities that could save the lives of millions of women and children worldwide. In the US, 2 emergency contraceptive regimens are currently approved, and their most plausible mechanism of action involves delaying and/or inhibiting ovulation. Abortion and contraception are recognized as essential components of reproductive health care. In the US, in the wake of the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization Supreme Court decision on June 24, 2022, 26 states began to or are expected to severely restrict abortion. It is anticipated that these restrictions will increase the demand for emergency contraception (EC). Several obstacles to EC access have been described, and these include cost, hurdles to over-the-counter purchase, low awareness, myths about their mechanisms of action, widespread misinformation, and barriers that special populations face in accessing them. The politicization of EC is a major factor limiting access. Improving sex education and health literacy, along with eHealth literacy, are important initiatives to improve EC uptake and access. PubMed, The Guttmacher Institute, Society of Family Planning, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the World Health Organization, The United Nations. A randomized noninferiority trial showed that the 52 mg levonorgestrel intrauterine device was noninferior to the copper intrauterine device when used as an EC method in the first 5 days after unprotected intercourse. This is a promising and highly effective emergency contraceptive option, particularly for overweight and obese patients, and a contraceptive option with a different bleeding profile than the copper intrauterine device. EC represents an important facet of medicine and public health. The 2 medical regimens currently approved in the US are very effective, have virtually no medical contraindications, and novel formulations are actively being investigated to make them more convenient and effective for all patient populations. Barriers to accessing EC, including the widespread presence of contraception deserts , threaten to broaden and accentuate the already existing inequities and disparities in society, at a time when they have reached the dimensions of a public health crisis.

Oral Emergency Contraception Provision in the Veterans Health Administration: a Retrospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn the USA, oral emergency contraception (EC) use to prevent unintended pregnancy is increasing. Oral EC methods include levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), with increased UPA efficacy over LNG in high BMI users and those beyond 3 days post intercourse. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides oral EC at low or no cost, yet prescription-level Veteran data are lacking.ObjectiveTo describe oral EC provision in VHA, including method type and Veteran user and prescriber characteristics.DesignA retrospective cohort study using VHA administrative data.ParticipantsAll VHA oral EC prescriptions from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020.Main MeasuresWe linked Veteran-level sociodemographic and military characteristics and provider-level data with each prescription to identify variables associated with oral EC method.Key ResultsA total of 4280 EC prescriptions (85% LNG) occurred for 3120 unique Veterans over 5 years. While prescriptions remained low annually, the proportion of UPA prescriptions increased from 12 to 19%. Compared to LNG users, UPA users were older (34% vs 25% over age 35 years, p <0.001); more likely to identify as white (57% vs 46%) and non-Hispanic (84% vs 79%) (p <0.001); and more likely to have a BMI ≥ 25 (76% vs 67%, p <0.001). UPA prescriptions originated most frequently from VA Medical Centers (87%) and women’s health clinics (76%) compared to community-based or other clinic types. In multivariable regression models, race, ethnicity, BMI ≥30, and prescriber facility type of a VA Medical Center or a women’s clinic location were predictive of UPA prescription.ConclusionsOral EC provision in VHA remains low, but UPA use is increasing. LNG prescription occurs frequently in high BMI Veterans who would benefit from increased efficacy of UPA. Interventions to expand oral EC access in VHA are essential to ensure Veterans’ ability to avert unwanted pregnancies.

Knowing Emergency Contraceptive Methods and Usage Rules of University Students

Acil kontraseptif yöntemler (AKY) istenmeyen gebeliklerin oluşumunun önlenmesi için bireylere “ikinci bir şans” sunması bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinin AKY kullanım kurallarıyla ilgili bilgi düzeylerini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki araştırmanın evrenini Şubat 2015-Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasında Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören öğrenciler (N=1480) oluşturdu. Araştırmanın örneklem hesabı %80 güven aralığı, α=0,05 hata payı ile hesaplandı ve araştırmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 648 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler öz bildirime dayalı soru formuyla toplandı. Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 20,4±1,4’tü ve yarısından fazlası hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisiydi. Cinsel ilişki yaşayan katılımcıların (%8,5), %47,3’ünün modern aile planlaması yöntemi kullanmakta olduğu bulundu. Korumasız cinsel ilişki sonrasında katılımcıların %20’sinin AKY kullandığı belirlendi. AKY’yi duyan ve bilgisi olan katılımcı oranı %42,3’tü. Katılımcıların AKY hakkında en önemli bilgi kaynağı sağlık çalışanları olduğu ancak buna rağmen katılımcıların önemli bir kısmının AKY’lere ilişkin eksik ve hatalı bilgiye sahip olduğu bulundu. AKY’yi bilme ve duyma durumu ile yaş, bölüm, öğrenim yılı ve cinsel ilişki yaşama durumu arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi (p

Emergency contraception: knowledge and perceptions in PUMHS University population.

Introduction: Rising population is the one of hot issue of Pakistan that contributesto poverty, hunger, shortage of natural resources, decrease economy growth andeducation. Unacceptance of contraception is major reason; resulting in unplannedpregnancy where emergency contraception method seems to be an attractive option. This study done to assess knowledge, perception and attitude of medical students of PUMHS University.Objectives: To assess the perception, knowledge and attitude about emergencycontraception (EC) among the senior undergraduate’s student (fourth and finalyear) of PUMHS.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted by Department of gynecology &amp;obstetrics unit 1 at People medical and health science university ShaheedBenazir Abad (PUMHS) from August 2019 to November 2019. We select 211 subjects via convenience sampling technique from senior classes. Data collected on 22item questionnaire and analyzed on SPSS version 20.Results: The mean age of study participants was 22.2± 36.435 years. Usingknowledge score (1-10) mean score was 3.09 ±1.707. 75.36% showed positive attitude towards EC methods.Conclusion: Medical undergraduate, as a health care provider and counselor expected to have greater knowledge than corresponding age group with less education but unfortunately information about different aspects of emergency contraception among this cohort in inadequate.&#x0D; Key words: Emergency contraception, KAP, University population.

Emergency contraception update

Given the high rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, this article provides an overview of available emergency contraception methods, reviews pertinent information to facilitate their most effective and safe use, and addresses issues of barriers to access.