Growth Of Slums Research Articles

Social-Cultural Factors Influence on Management of Shared Sanitation, in Nakuru Town West Slums

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 6.2 calls for 'adequate and equitable sanitation for all.' However, rapid urbanization in developing countries has led to the growth of slums, where access to private toilets is impractical. Evident studies showed that shared toilets are more often poorly managed with adverse harmful health risks such as diarrheal diseases, environmental pollution, and economic deprivations. The study's specific objective was to establish social-cultural factors influencing the management of shared sanitation in Nakuru Town's west slums, Nakuru County, Kenya. The study adopted a convergent parallel mixed-method design involving 288 household heads selected through a cluster and random sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and interview guides. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was computed. The study findings indicated that the majority, 74.7%, of shared sanitation was poorly managed. The study established statistically significant associations of secondary education (p=0.024), marital status (p=0.025), user satisfaction (p=0.001), household sharing (p=0.000), social norms (p=0.001), cultural beliefs (p=0.002), Rituals on use and cleaning toilet (p=0.038), Privacy and modesty concerns (p=0.002) and management of shared sanitation. In conclusion, a large proportion of households in slums used poorly managed shared sanitation due to the influence of multiple factors like users' satisfaction, Household sharing, marital status, social norms, and cultural beliefs, thus polluting the public health of the place. The study recommended that the Government and all other agencies implementing sanitation promotion interventions should understand the social-cultural practices of the target communities and articulate this knowledge to tailor sanitation initiatives effectively. Future studies should focus on implementing and assessing the effectiveness of behavioral interventions.

Building a resources-modulable approach as appropriate strategy to reduce and rehabilitate spontaneous housing area (SHA) in developing countries cities: the case of Mokolo in Yaoundé, Cameroon city

ABSTRACT Cities in developing countries are facing a critical housing deficiency, seen, for example, in Cameroon by an estimated deficit about two million units. Despite real estate programmes in response, supply remains very low compared to demand. It favours the growth of anarchical housing production so-called spontaneous housing area (SHA) or slums. High concentration of poor households in these informal areas coupled with their expansion (about 5.5% per year) is a real headache for population, government authorities who fight for the common good. A major challenge has been how to ensure access to land certificates, basic urban services and decent housing while fighting against urban sprawl and SHA growth. Within the framework of cognitive science, our study provides a multidisciplinary tool for calibrating rehabilitation of SHA based on eight technical criteria, and on profitability. It enables decision-makers not only to assess the degree of precariousness, but also to know in advance whether the intervention will be profitable. This determines whether rehabilitation is bankable for government or whether total destruction is better. Upon application on Mokolo, the case study region in Yaoundé, it revealed how it can be made affordable while reducing the slum rate from 54%–20%.

Morphological Analysis of Urban Slums: A Case Study of Gaushala-Marrian, Faisalabad

Slums are the densely populated areas which are present in all the developed cities of the world. Pakistan is a third-world country and people from the rural areas prefer to live in the urban areas which are relatively better. This gave rise to urbanization and city space began to decrease. The development of slums in Pakistan initiated since the time of its establishment. Two of the earliest established slums are Goshala-Marrian in Faisalabad (the third largest city of Pakistan), Punjab. The built area of the city is greatly influenced by the establishment and growth of slums. This unplanned urbanization is required to be analyzed with respect to its physical elements, so that, the living quality of the inhabitants can be enhanced. The current living conditions were observed to plan for a better environment. Legalization of these areas is a mandate to be followed. The administration and the inhabitants need to put in joint efforts to upgrade the area.

The Institutional Role of Slum Management in Denpasar City Area

The limited availability of land in major cities like DKI Jakarta, Surabaya, and Denpasar City has forced residents to compromise on ideal settlement locations, leading to a switch in land use patterns. Failure to secure ideal locations exacerbates settlement issues, ultimately contributing to the proliferation of urban slums. Denpasar City, in particular, grapples with various problems stemming from slum growth. As part of its responsibilities in urban development, the government is tasked with providing public services, safeguarding low-income communities, promoting regional growth, ensuring environmental sustainability, and upholding national integrity. However, the phenomenon of migrant influx in Denpasar City presents an additional challenge for governance. Traditional villages play a pivotal role in managing migrant populations by leveraging pecalang (traditional Balinese security forces) and customary rules to maintain community cohesion. To effectively address slum proliferation, customary villages must align their development goals and strategies. This qualitative research utilizes primary and secondary data to explore the role of institutions in slum management. Despite various programs aimed at mitigating urban challenges, the effectiveness of institutions like the PKP Working Group and DLHK remains suboptimal. Therefore, there is a pressing need for customary villages to play a more active role in tackling slum issues within their jurisdictions.

Slum Health in Ghana: a Case of Old Fadama in The Accra

The study sought to assess the effect of slum on the health of its’ dwellers in Sodom and Gomorrah. The study adopted the explanatory design of the quantitative approach to examine the effect of slums on the quality of life of the slums inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah. With the aid of Krejcie and Morgan‘s (1970) sample size table, 306 respondents were selected and through convenience sampling, questionnaire were administered to the respondents. Moreover, the data were analyzed with the help of statistical software known as Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS version 25.0) by using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation as well as linear regression and presented by using tables, and charts. It was evident from the reviews that the emergence of slums and its growth are offshoots of urbanisation. The search for greener pastures in the city centers and the improvement of the livelihood of slum dwellers were the major driving force for slum dwellers to migrate to the city centers. It was obvious from the study that migrants do not have life easy and promising as anticipated before embarking on their journeys. They become exposed to all kinds of risks, ranging from environmental to health. Within this context they device several means to survive. It is the argument of this thesis that government should engage private partnership to stem the tide down. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and private institutions and individuals provide intensive education support programs for the community. Education could be done through Community Publics Address systems (PA Systems), schools, workshops, seminars, and others.

Analyzing morphologic dynamics in poor urban areas through earth observation: The case of the Purulia, West Bengal, India

The slum is the shadow of urbanization, representing a lack of essential services, substandard housing, a congested, unhygienic environment, and poverty. Slum morphology depicts the structural arrangement of a slum area, including the road network, building arrangement, cultural artefacts, etc. Slums in megacities like Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, etc, have developed naturally or as a result of urbanization. However, apart from megacities, only some areas or few towns, particularly those serving as headquarters of the districts, have a considerable impact on their hinterlands. Purulia town, as the district headquarters, acts as a pull factor, which stimulates the growth of the slum area of its hinterland. Hence, Purulia was selected as a study area. The focus of this study is the morphological dynamicity of slums in Purulia, therefore the temporal analysis is necessary. Additionally, it aims to apprehend the trend and pattern of slum expansion over time in Purulia municipality. This study uses satellite images and secondary data sources (DPR for BLC under Housing for All in slums, Purulia Municipality, 2015–2016) to analyze the dynamicity of slum morphology. Structural appurtenance of the area was measured using spatial variables including, the number of buildings, and the size of the building, building orientation, building density, and heterogeneity. This spatiotemporal analysis depicts inter and intra-slum variation and detects distinct but predominantly high morphological transformation throughout the eight slums. A compact building structure with a particular heterogeneous pattern is shown in many slums. However, some slums remain almost static, experiencing minimal but haphazard morphological transformation. Street patterns, including lane-to-lane, road-to-lane, house-to-house connections, water bodies' presence, and urban planning regulations such as zoning restrictions on high-rise construction etc., influence the slum growth and transform the morphological dynamicity. Apart from structural morphology, it also reflects solid social bonding and cohesion among slum communities. Overall, this research emphasizes the intricate interplay of factors driving morphological dynamicity within the slum area, encompassing socio-economic conditions, population dynamics, neighborhood characteristics, and governmental policies. It emphasizes the need for extensive policy planning for slum upgrading and creating strategies for dwellers to secure land ownership. It also implements a systematic approach to constant monitoring of poor slum areas to capture morphological dynamicity using very high-resolution Earth observation data. This may provide a better understanding of morphological transformations over time and guide policy-making decisions.

Impact of Urbanization on Socioeconomic Conditions of Rural Areas of Faisalabad City

This research study aims at finding out the impact of urbanization on the socio- economic condition of the people residing in the fringes of Faisalabad city. Urbanization is a dynamic process involving multiple factors. This phenomenon is attracting the attention of all the stack holders not only in the developed countries but also in the developing countries. The most prominent outcome of this urbanization process is the emergence of slums. Urbanization casts deep impact on the socio-economic conditions of the dwellers of the neighbouring and bordering settlements. All the major cities of the country, Pakistan, are witnessing the same. Faisalabad is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan with a huge population residing in the adjacent localities of the city, Faisalabad. This study is based on the satellite imageries of Faisalabad for the last 24 years (1998-2022) acquired from USGS and processed and techniques used to find out the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC). The spatio-temporal variations of the urbanization process of Faisalabad were detected with the help of LULC by analysing and interpreting built up areas, open spaces, agricultural lands and water bodies. Furthermore, a baseline survey was conducted in the urban vicinities and adjoining rural areas through questionnaires and interviews. The study shows both, positive and negative, impact on the socio-economic condition of the people of the adjacent areas of the city. This study reveals that urbanization casts negative impact in health and housing structure and positive impact on education and economic conditions. This study will be of great importance for planners to for see the impact of urbanization on adjacent rural areas and to handle the upcoming adverse situation.

Structural tensions limiting success of infrastructure upgrading: A multi-regime perspective

Unfettered growth of slums is a daunting transition challenge and many upgrading programs fail to sustainably improve the livelihoods of slum residents. This paper elaborates a transitions perspective on structural tensions that may lead to success or failure of slum upgrading programs. We conceptualize slums as urban subsystems, governed by sociotechnical (infrastructure) and socioeconomic livelihood regimes (related to production and social reproduction). The framework permits examination of the tensions due to mis/alignments of rules associated with newly introduced infrastructures, and those that regulate existing production and social reproduction practices of slum residents. This approach extends transition studies by accounting for the multi-system interactions between different infrastructure regimes (e.g., transportation, sanitation) and livelihoods within a local sociotechnical system. We apply this framework to an in-depth analysis of a slum upgrading project in Naivasha, Kenya, which was part of a national urban upgrading program covering a total of 80 slums.

On the cross-city growth drivers of the most vulnerable region of Brazil

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is discussing on cross-city empirical economic growth, by estimating an unbalanced dynamic panel for the most vulnerable region of Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose including additional and specific sources of cross-city variation, enabling them to capture the essence and reality of this region. The sample selection is given by the solution of a trade-off on the number of cities and the available explanatory variables. Considering the final choice, the analysis is based on 6,452 observations extracted from a sample of 925 cities between 2009 and 2015. Reconciling the regional growth literature and this availability of observable data, the authors decide to explain cross-city real gross domestic product per capita in log, controlling for its lagged value besides 15 explanatory variables on human capital, financial system, business environment and social infrastructure.FindingsThis study uses growth drivers on human capital, financial system, business environment and social infrastructure. Considering 6,452 observations for the period from 2009 to 2015, this study finds a significant role played by the levels of education of formal workers, rural financing, real estate financing and FIRJAN indices (health and employment).Research limitations/implicationsA more comprehensive and complete understanding of cross-city variation, whether in the Northeast, in the North of the country or in other regions, involves the expansion of growth drivers in the model. Certainly, the impact of the industrial sector (not captured by the FIRJAN employment/income index), or programs and initiatives geared to technology, must be significant and positive. Despite the low market share, the insertion of microcredit data for informal, small business owners and more underserved families, can bring insights not measured in this article.Practical implicationsOn financial system and development: The results on the significant and positive coefficient of rural and real estate financing are fundamental in conducting public policies aimed at granting credit. On human capital: The expected and intuitive relevant role of education suggests that good policies that are implementable need to be looked for and replicated to other northeastern cities. The state of Ceará seems to be that benchmark to be followed by the other states.Social implicationsAnother public policy that needs to be strengthened so that the most vulnerable cities can grow is related to the partnership with the private sector in the expansion and maintenance of basic sanitation. In this context, the new Legal Framework for Basic Sanitation is an important step. Its main objective is to universalize and qualify the provision of services in the sector. Theoretically, it seems to be an important advance and this also unlocks the first big wave of investments.Originality/valueThe analysis aims to contribute to the recent studies on regional growth applied to Brazil. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an innovative contribution, and the main differences between this paper and the others are the sample of cities, the period, the growth model and the estimation technique. For instance, Da Mata et al. (2005, 2007) explore population growth and its implications for economic dynamics and income generation among 123 urban agglomerations between 1970 and 2000. Alves (2021) studied slum growth in contemporary urbanization of households in 272 Brazilian cities from 1991 to 2010.

Green Open Space Revitalization Using Citizen Science and Green Design Theory: A Case Study of Green Open Space in Bener Village, Yogyakarta

The revitalization of green open space is becoming an increasingly critical issue in cities with dense populations. The population density in big cities causes the growth of slums and insufficient public utilities, one of which is the availability of green open space. The availability of green open space is required to satisfy every need of citizens for public spaces with multifunctional uses as a highly needed public space in the middle of limited urban space. Green open space can be used by the public to enjoy fresh air, as a healthy recreation area, a gathering place for residents, and for a variety of other purposes. However, there are major obstacles facing green open space today, which are not well maintained, and this is thought to be due to the surrounding community's lack of literacy on the importance of green open space, minimal aspects of green open space functionality, and residents' carrying capacity for green open space maintenance. It is intended that by incorporating the community in the planning, management, and maintenance stages in a participatory manner, it would result in the long-term usage of green open space, benefiting both the community and the environment.

The Political Origins of Slum Growth and Segregation in Cities

The Political Origins of Slum Growth and Segregation in Cities

Socio-Economic Dynamics of Slum Growth in Core Areas of Cities In Developing Nations – The Ado-Ekiti Example

Globalization and urbanization have been identified as having inherent capacity for the disarticulation and dislocation of a nation’s socio-economic structure. This paper identified the socio-economic forces responsible for slum development in the core of Ado-Ekiti. The core area was delineated using the acquired google image which was processed using ArcView GIS software; Twelve Data Delineation Areas (DDAs) were identified, having: 2,930 buildings and 14,650 households. A 2.5% of households (368) was adopted as sample size. The landlord or the most senior household head was interviewed using a structured socio-economic questionnaire. The photograph of scenes of interest were taken to supplement information from the questionnaire. The DDAs formed the basis for questionnaire administration. Empirical analysis shows that there is poverty in the study area due to underemployment and low income. Government intervention through a holistic urban renewal and creation of enabling environment for job opportunities were proffered for a sustainable city core development in Nigeria and cities of developing nations of the world with similar characteristics.

The Role of the City of Langsa Regional Government on The Empowerment of Terasi Production Houses in Reduce The Unemployment Rate (Research Study on Terasi Production House Business at Gampong Lhok Banie Langsa City)

Indonesia is a state of law, this has been explained in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution which states: The State of Indonesia is a state of law. This is based on the explanation of the 1945 Constitution that the State of Indonesia is based on law (rechtstaat) and is not based on mere power (machstaat). The mandate of Article 78 paragraph (1) of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages states that "Village development aims to improve community welfare and the quality of human life as well as poverty alleviation through fulfilling basic needs, developing village facilities and infrastructure, developing local economic potential, and utilizing natural resources. nature and the environment in a sustainable manner. Based on Presidential Regulation Number 2 of 2015 concerning the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan, it mandates the development and development of urban areas through handling the quality of the residential environment, namely improving the quality of slum settlements, preventing the growth and development of new slums, and sustainable livelihoods.
 This study aims to identify and explain the role of the Langsa City Government in the implementation of the empowerment of shrimp paste production houses in reducing unemployment through the City Without Slums Program (KOTAKU) in Lhok Banie Village, as well as to identify and explain the obstacles and efforts of the Langsa City Government towards the implementation of the empowerment of shrimp paste production houses. in Gampong Lhok Banie in reducing unemployment. The method that the researcher uses is the empirical juridical method with qualitative analysis. Data obtained through library research activities and field research. Data analysis was carried out from the beginning and continued throughout the research process, namely data collection, data reduction, data assessment, and data collection. The results showed that research on the role of the Langsa City Government in implementing the empowerment of the Langsa shrimp paste production house in reducing unemployment is the main person in charge of this implementation. and One-Stop Service for Langsa City, the Health Service, the Industry, Trade, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) Service, the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office and the KOTAKU Office. However, the obstacle is the unavailability of equipment for processing and drying in a modern way because the shrimp paste production house has not changed the amperage to a larger one and the City Government has not been able to send the tool, it is feared that there will be a power outage at the shrimp paste production house. The next obstacle is that the manager of the shrimp paste production house has not taken the qualification test to get a certificate from the Health Office.

Urbanization-environment conundrum: an invitation to sustainable development in Saudi Arabian cities

ABSTRACT As rapid urbanization becomes a key topic within urban studies and planning particularly in the Global South, it needs to be considered what radical implications to urban environment mean. Reviewing literature on urbanization and its implications on urban environment from within the Global South and on sustainable development research and environmental studies, this article discusses eight implications of urbanization-environmental conundrum: pollution, water resource degradation, urban heat island effect, sea level rise and urban flooding, urban sprawl and slum growth, urban agriculture decline, public health deterioration, and urban wetland destruction that question the ontology of urbanization in Global South cities. Drawing on cases from Saudi Arabian cities, findings indicate that sustainable development agenda is skewed towards socio-economic development with limited focus on environmental issues. This situation is threatening the sustainability of rapidly urbanizing cities. The paper proposes a rhizomatic understanding of environmental importance as a roadmap for sustainable and transformative urbanization in Global South. This ontology changes understandings of what sustainable urbanization should be in rapidly growing Global South cities.

Neoliberalism and the growth of slums in Accra, Ghana

Neoliberalism and the growth of slums in Accra, Ghana

Socio-Economic Conditions of Women in the Slum of Kumbalagodu Industrial Area of Bangalore Region

In Karnataka, Migration has played an important role in accelerating urban growth by attracting rural migrants to urban areas for economic reasons despite a lack of physical infrastructure in terms of housing, drinking water supply, drainage, sanitation, and other amenities. As a result, the migrant rural poor are forced to seek for unofficial alternatives, leading in the growth of slums and squatter communities. Slums are now a regular sight in practically all of India's major cities. As a result of the constant influx of rural migrants, the quality of life diminishes, and the gap between demand and availability of basic services and other infrastructure in the areas deepens. This present research article is to study and examine slum areas and their living conditions, and finding out the most critical and problematic zone of the slums. In relation to this article, the objectives is to assess the socio-economic conditions of women dwellers of slum in Kumbalagodu industrial area and to suggest appropriate measures to advance the standard of living conditions of women in slum of the Kumbalagodu industrial area of Bangalore region and it also suggests suitable measures for upliftment of women of slum of case study area.

How applicable are scaling laws in predicting slum populations in urban systems? Evidence from India

Recently, we have seen new developments in our understanding of the emergence and organization of cities and urban systems, including application of scaling laws to urban areas. A recent wave of studies has observed consistent behavior of multiple urban measures that scale with city size across geographic and sectoral contexts. However, the extant evidence is lacking in two important ways: first, a wide variety of urban measures still remain unexplored, and second, there is limited evidence from developing countries. This paper offers new evidence on both these fronts: i) applying scaling laws to predict slum population in cities, an urban measure that remains largely unexplored, and ii) applying them in the context of a developing country, India. Results suggest that population alone is not sufficient to predict slum population in India. Conversely, I use empirical results from scaling laws to test established slum growth theories that have influenced policymaking globally for decades, despite having limited empirical evidence to support them. I also show that scaling exponents are sensitive to the way we define urban systems, of which cities are a part, an issue that has been raised in the ongoing methodological debate on urban scaling laws. I believe that findings presented in this paper have implications for advancement of slum theories as well as urban scaling laws by offering new empirical evidence and mechanisms through which such scaling might happen in the context of slums.

PSYCHO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS AMONG CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH LAW: AN EXPLORATION AND SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION STUDY IN PUNE CITY

Child is the pride to parents as well as to the nation also. Biologically, child is defined as a human being between the stages of birth and puberty or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty. Juvenile in Conflict with Law is the term used for unlawful acts and other violations of law by children and young person below the age of adulthood. It is become the social problem across the globe Rapid industrialization and urbanization leads to this problem. Due to rapid growth of slums in the city area the problem of Children in Conflict With Law becomes most severe day by day. It was observed primarily in the Western countries after the Second World War. The present research paper will focus on the psycho social problems of Children in Conflict with Law. The main objective of this paper are; to study socio economic profile of Children in Conflict with Law; to understand the unlawful act done by Children in Conflict with Law; and to suggest the social work intervention strategies. For the present research paper the descriptive research design will be used to describe psycho social causes of Children in Conflict with Law and the simple random sampling method will be adopted, in which systematic random sampling method will be used for selection of sample.

Awareness, Attitudes and Perceptions of Safety among Slum Residents in Nairobi, Kenya

The mushrooming informal settlements in the urban areas is a 21st-century reality that is common in developing economies such as Kenya. The growth of slums is an indictment of the influx of an increasing number of youth people into urban areas in search of better ways of earning a living. The towns and cities, however, cannot cope with this rapid expansion, thereby condemning a significant proportion of the urban poor into the informal settlements. This study examined the awareness, attitude, and perception of the slum residents in Nairobi, Kenya. The study focused on Kibera, Korogocho, Mathare, and Mukuru slums. The study included residents aged 18 years and above whose participation in the study was determined using systematic random sampling. A total of 659 respondents were involved in completing a survey with the help of the researcher. The data were analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software, adopting the descriptive analysis method, and the results were presented using tables. The findings indicated that the living conditions of the residents in these informal settlements were deplorable, a factor that contributed to the crime incidents in the area. The residents had average education levels, most of them were unemployed and considered the economy as their greatest problem, with unemployment being associated with criminality. The residents were fearful of crime happening in their vicinity, though they noted that the rates of criminality had decreased and they expected it to go down in the next year. The residents identified early evening as the peak hour for criminal activity and that they were likely to be victimized outside their homes, even though a significant number of crimes also happened at their homes. The study recommendation sensitization of residents through programs such as workshops targeting distinct groups and the establishment of community radio. The study also recommended the establishment of land tenures in the settlement to facilitate the upgrading of the housing and amenities infrastructure, therefore eliminating environmental factors encouraging criminality.

Community Perception and Risk Reduction Behaviour in Control of Malaria and Dengue: A Study in the Slums of Bengaluru

Background Mosquito-borne diseases like malaria and dengue are major public health problems faced by the country. In the year 2020 there were 1555 cases of malaria and 3384 cases of dengue in Karnataka. The exponential growth of slums and poor sanitation practices have paved a way for these diseases. Many national programs aimed at controlling them were rolled out. The combined efforts of the government and the community are required for their effective control.Objective i To assess the perceptions of the community towardsthe prevention and control of mosquitoborne diseases like dengue and malaria in the slums of Bengaluru. ii To assess the risk reduction behavior in the slums of Bengaluru. iii To determine the factors associated with the risk reduction behavior.Methodology The present study is a cross-sectional study with mixed study methods. The study population included individuals aged 18 years and above residing in the urban slums in the field practice area of a medical college in Bengaluru. Based on a previous study conducted by Podder et al. the sample size was calculated to be 90. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling tools i Quantitative A validated semi-structured questionnaire ii Qualitative In-depth interviews with the household members regarding the factors associated with risk reduction behavior. Data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 and Atlas ti software.Results Unsatisfactory knowledge scores and unsatisfactory attitude scores were observed in 52 and 56 of the subjects respectively. Only 49 of subjects regularly practiced risk reduction practices. The main barriers to practicing risk reduction behaviour were lack of knowledge and the opinion that mosquito control is mainly the responsibility of the government and not the community.Conclusions The perception and practices of the community towards the prevention and control of malaria and dengue were unsatisfactory. This must be tackled by proper health education and behavior change communication.nbsp