Community Emergency Research Articles

Lusophone Commonwealth Starts or the Emergence of Community of Lusofone Countries in 1996

Lusophone Commonwealth Starts or the Emergence of Community of Lusofone Countries in 1996

Research Status and Evolutionary Trends of Digitally Empowered Community Emergency Management: Knowledge Graph Analysis Based on CiteSpace

(1) Background: With the acceleration of globalization, various risks are intertwined and coupled, and community emergency management is facing greater pressure than before. The continuous development of digital technology has made it possible to empower community emergency management with digital technology. Therefore, it is urgent to have a clear understanding of the research status and future development direction of digital empowering community emergency management. (2) Methods: This study is based on the Web of Science database and utilizes the CiteSpace knowledge graph visualization method to analyze the research progress of community digital emergency management. (3) Results: The results indicate that from 2000 to 2024, the amount of research on community digital emergency management has been on the rise, involving multiple disciplines, but there has not been a close and mature cooperation network between different countries, institutions, and authors. The research topic has shifted from early single-emergency management to integration with emerging science and technology, with a greater emphasis on the role of communities. Big data, machine learning, technological innovation, digital healthcare, and community resilience are important research directions for the future. (4) Conclusions: In the future, we should strengthen cooperation in this field, overcome issues such as the digital divide and digital security, and promote further development of community digital emergency management.

Microbial interactions impact stress tolerance in a model oral community.

Microbial interactions are critical modulators of the emergence of microbial communities and their functions. However, how these interactions impact the fitness of microbes in established communities upon exposure to environmental stresses is poorly understood. Here, we utilized a two-species community consisting of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus gordonii to examine the impact of synergistic and antagonistic interactions on microbial resilience to environmental fluctuations and susceptibility to microbial invasion. We focused on the S. gordonii-produced extracellular molecules, L-lactate and H2O2, which have been shown to mediate interactions between these two microbes. We discovered that seemingly beneficial functions, such as A. actinomycetemcomitans cross-feeding on S. gordonii-produced L-Lactate, can paradoxically exacerbate vulnerabilities, such as susceptibility to antibiotics. Moreover, our data highlight the context-dependent nature of microbial interactions, emphasizing that a seemingly potent antimicrobial, such as H2O2, can have both synergistic and antagonistic effects on a microbial community dependent on the environment.

How online inhibition fuels incivility through moral disengagement

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral disengagement in the link between online disinhibition and cyber incivility, against the backdrop of digital technology’s profound impact on human communication and the emergence of online communities. This transformation has highlighted a range of behaviors, including the negative spectrum of cyber incivility, necessitating an exploration of its underlying dynamics. Utilizing a mediation analysis approach, the research examined the interplay among online disinhibition, moral disengagement, and cyber incivility. The participant consisted of 780 Indonesian students, with an average age of 20.3 years, who reported spending 4-7 hours daily on social media. The study was conducted via an online survey distributed to participants. Moral disengagement was assessed using a Moral Disengagement Scale, cyber incivility was measured with a purpose-built scale, and online disinhibition was evaluated using the Online Disinhibition Scale to measure levels of online disinhibition. Findings indicated a significant correlation among the variables, with a substantial portion of participants exhibiting moderate to high levels of online disinhibition, moral disengagement, and cyber incivility. Mediation analysis further revealed that online disinhibition mediated the relationship between moral disengagement and cyber incivility, suggesting that the lowering of inhibitions online facilitates the manifestation of uncivil behavior, influenced by moral disengagement. This study underscores the complex mechanisms driving cyber incivility, highlighting the crucial mediating role of online disinhibition between moral disengagement and cyber incivility. These insights contribute to the broader understanding of digital communication’s impact on behavior, emphasizing the need to address online disinhibition and moral disengagement to mitigate cyber incivility.

Study on the Construction and Application of a Community Emergency Capacity Evaluation Model Based on a Combined Weighting-Discrete Hopfield Neural Network

Study on the Construction and Application of a Community Emergency Capacity Evaluation Model Based on a Combined Weighting-Discrete Hopfield Neural Network

Assessing variations in care delivered to rural out of hospital cardiac arrest patients in the interfacility transfer setting.

There is significant variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes between different regions. We sought to evaluate outcomes of OHCA patients in the interfacility transfer (IFT) setting, between critical care transport (LifeFlight) and community Emergency Medical Services (EMS), in the state of Maine. This was a retrospective analysis of our institution's electronic medical record and the Maine EMS database. Data were collected from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Only adult OHCA encounters requiring an IFT for definitive post-cardiac-arrest care were included. Demographics, EMS agency, IFT vital signs, targeted temperature management (TTM) medications, cerebral performance category (CPC) scores, survival to discharge, and other descriptive variables were collected. Ninety-three patients met inclusion criteria, with LifeFlight transferring 30 of them (32.3%). LifeFlight was more likely to initiate TTM compared to other EMS agencies (p=0.012), have run-sheets reported (p=0.001), and serve rural areas (p=0.036). LifeFlight was associated with more epinephrine (0.034) and norepinephrine (<0.001) use. Only 37% of IFTs had physician orders, with none (0.0%) of them defining vital sign targets. No difference in survival to discharge or CPC scores was observed between LifeFlight and other EMS agencies. No significant variation in comorbidities or vital signs was observed. There was no difference in survival to discharge or CPC scores between LifeFlight and ad hoc EMS agency. LifeFlight was associated with more TTM and vasopressor utilization during IFT. Most IFT encounters did not have dedicated physician orders, and none of the orders included vital sign targets.

Paediatric Knee Injuries: A Narrative Review.

The prevalence of paediatric knee injuries is increasing due to higher participation in competitive sports, larger build and more use of imaging in diagnosis. A thorough history of injury (including mechanism and symptoms of pain and instability), together with a comprehensive examination (presence of an effusion, tender areas, range of movement and joint laxity) will dictate the need for radiological investigations. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is indicated in most paediatric patients with a history of injury and an acute knee effusion, which indicates damage to an intra-articular structure. Red flags requiring onward referral to a specialist include diagnosed fractures, traumatic knee effusion, instability, or persistent unexplained nocturnal pain or lump. Correct identification and management of injuries will help reduce long-term morbidity. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with an understanding of the management of paediatric knee injuries at primary presentation in the community setting or emergency department.

Iatrogenic Irreducible Pediatric Salter-Harris II Middle Phalanx Base Fracture With Dorsal Dislocation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Case Report.

Pediatric phalangeal Salter-Harris (SH)-type fracture dislocations are rare injuries that often require open reduction and stabilization. We present a case of a 14-year-old male who sustained an iatrogenic irreducible SH II dorsal fracture dislocation of the small-finger proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) after an attempted closed reduction of a small-finger PIPJ dislocation by a community emergency medicine physician. Following the reduction attempt, the epiphysis was noted on radiographs to be rotated approximately 90° with persistent dorsal dislocation and an associated SH II fracture of the base of the middle phalanx. The patient was sent to our trauma center for further evaluation by our on-call hand surgeon and required open reduction and pinning of the fracture dislocation. To our knowledge, this pattern of iatrogenic PIPJ fracture dislocation has not been previously described in the literature. We outline the case presentation, treatment method, and learning points for both the on-call hand surgeon as well as the community emergency medicine physicians in this report.

The Emergence of Chinese Popular Music in Vietnamese Lyrics (nhc Hoa li Vit), 1979-1995

This paper studies the cultural phenomenon of nhc Hoa li Vit, a (sub)genre of nhc Vng music that blends Chinese melodies with Vietnamese lyrics which first gained prominence among the Vietnamese diaspora in the 1980s. The paper traces the historical and cultural origins of nhc Hoa li Vit in translations and adaptations of Chinese popular music, outlining three major historical periods. The first period spanning from 1979-1986, encompasses the genres emergence in Vietnamese refugee communities following the Sino-Vietnamese War, influenced by the popularity of Cantonese wuxia TV dramas. The second period from 1986-1995 marks the genres commercial flourishing due to the i mi policy. The final period after 1995 marks the fundamental transformation of the genre following the normalization of relations between the United States and Vietnam, when, energized by the possibility of returning to Vietnam, nhc Hoa li Vit shed the final vestiges of the melancholic and sentimental style it inherited from wartime nhc Vng and became its own genre. This paper examines the importance of nhc Hoa li Vit in shaping the Vietnamese exiled identity and analyzes how the practice of translation allowed the diasporic community to give expression to its refugee experience. The paper helps uncover a new kind of musical fusion that developed from an exiled culture in a transpacific context.

The Emergence of Chinese Popular Music in Vietnamese Lyrics (nhc Hoa li Vit), 1979-1995

This paper studies the cultural phenomenon of nhc Hoa li Vit, a (sub)genre of nhc Vng music that blends Chinese melodies with Vietnamese lyrics which first gained prominence among the Vietnamese diaspora in the 1980s. The paper traces the historical and cultural origins of nhc Hoa li Vit in translations and adaptations of Chinese popular music, outlining three major historical periods. The first period spanning from 1979-1986, encompasses the genres emergence in Vietnamese refugee communities following the Sino-Vietnamese War, influenced by the popularity of Cantonese wuxia TV dramas. The second period from 1986-1995 marks the genres commercial flourishing due to the i mi policy. The final period after 1995 marks the fundamental transformation of the genre following the normalization of relations between the United States and Vietnam, when, energized by the possibility of returning to Vietnam, nhc Hoa li Vit shed the final vestiges of the melancholic and sentimental style it inherited from wartime nhc Vng and became its own genre. This paper examines the importance of nhc Hoa li Vit in shaping the Vietnamese exiled identity and analyzes how the practice of translation allowed the diasporic community to give expression to its refugee experience. The paper helps uncover a new kind of musical fusion that developed from an exiled culture in a transpacific context.

Locating Anglo-Italian Communities in Bevis and the Naples Manuscript

This article contextualises the Anglo-Italian aspects of Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale, MS XIII.B.29. This fifteenth-century paper miscellany contains Bevis of Hampton, Chaucer’s Clerk’s Tale, St Alexius, Libeaus Desconus, as well as a recipe collection, a section of Lydgate’s “Doublenesse”, and a fragment of Sir Isumbras. The book is among a very select number of codices containing Middle English texts that are presently preserved in an Italian institution. Previous research has demonstrated XIII.B.29 must have travelled to the Italian peninsula at a relatively early date, but the exact reason behind its compilation and the method by which it arrived in Italy remain uncertain. This article reviews the manuscript’s design, provenance, and contents, arguing the book is not just an English manuscript in Italy, but also to some degree an English manuscript about Italy and Italian experiences. Specifically, the article contends that an episode in the manuscript’s Bevis, which describes a street fight near Lombard Street in London, benefits from a reading that acknowledges late medieval developments in finance and long-distance Anglo-Italian commerce, as well as the emergence of Italian communities in Southampton and the capital.

Enhancing methane yield and shifting microbial communities in anaerobic reactors treating lipid-rich dairy wastewater through exogenous lipase addition

This study explores a novel enzymatic pretreatment approach in anaerobic reactors for dairy wastewater, using lipase AY Amano to enhance methane production and modify microbial and archaeal community composition. Batch and semi-batch reactors with a total volume of 2000 mL were used to treat dairy wastewater with initial COD of 2000 and 15,000 mg L−1, respectively. In a new novel approach, the semi-batch reactors underwent a three-phase operation: 30 days of acclimation, 30 days of rest, and 30 days of active operation. Adding lipase (0.05% wv−1) as a pretreatment significantly increased methane yield over the 90 days by 135–138% compared with the control (without enzyme addition). The organic loading rate reached 0.22 g COD day−1 L−1. Furthermore, 30 days after the end of the semi-batch reactor approach (120 days from the start), reusing sludge in batch reactors increased methane yield by 114–122% compared to the control. This increase was linked to the emergence and shift of new methanogenic communities within the sludge. Integrating hydrolytic enzymes into the anaerobic treatment enhances performance and sustainability by fostering methanogen-enriched microbial communities. This is crucial for maximizing methane production but may increase costs, requiring further economic feasibility research.

Research on the Factors Influencing the Epidemic Resilience of Urban Communities in China in the Post-Epidemic Era

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, people are gradually realizing that urban community resilience is pivotal for effectively managing public health emergencies. This study employed grounded theory to establish a theoretical framework for epidemic resilience of urban communities (ERUC) in the post-pandemic era. Subsequently, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method is utilized to discern the significance and hierarchical interrelations among influencing factors. The findings delineate that 14 determinants shaping ERUC are organized into five distinct tiers. Notably, nine determinants emerge as principal: vulnerable group; educational attainment; risk perception; medical insurance coverage; communal norms; community emergency response; community services; resident participation; and government efficacy. Among these, the vulnerable group and government efficiency are identified as foundational factors, while medical insurance coverage, resident participation, and community infrastructure are identified as direct influences.

Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the Relationship Between Emergency Department Length of Stay and Timing of First Laboratory Orders.

Background The efficiency of patient management in the Emergency Department (ED) is critical for optimizing healthcare delivery.Provider in triage (PIT) and similar ED flow models attempt to expedite throughput by decreasing the amount of time between patient arrival and initial order placement.The exact relationship between ED length of stay (LOS) and the timing of the first laboratory order, however, is unclear.The varying speed at which clinicians of different ages place laboratory orders and move patients through an ED also is understudied. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using SQL from the Clarity data archive to pull all patient encounters in 2023. Linear regression models using Analysis ToolPak in Microsoft Excel were used to create and examine the relationship between LOS and the timing of the first laboratory order. Secondary outcomes using the same models were created to analyzethe impact of clinician age on LOS and the relationship between clinician age and the timing of first laboratory orders. Results Two hundred sixty-nine thousand eight hundred and eight ED visits were reviewed across three academic and 17 community emergency departments. We report a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between the timing of the first laboratory order and LOS (R² = 0.0378, p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes indicated a very weak negative correlation between clinician age and LOS (R² ≈ 0, p < 0.001) and no significant relationship between clinician age and the timing of the first laboratory order (R² ≈ 0, p > 0.05). Conclusion The timing of the first laboratory order is a significant, albeit weak, predictor of LOS in the ED. Clinician age has minimal impact on LOS and does not significantly influence the timing of the first laboratory order.

Slim and slender: homoerotic images of young men in the 1980s Thai gay magazines

ABSTRACT This article aims to explain how masculine images of Thai slim and slender young men are constructed as homoerotic and homosexual desires focusing on the first generation of commercial gay magazines in the 1980s. Questioning the role of media in the formation of Thai gay culture, the paper explores the connection between consumer culture and the emergence of the modern Thai gay community during the 1980s. Not only do the text/articles in Thai gay magazines tell us about Thai gay culture and history, but the images of men whose photographs appear in Thai magazines also tell us much about the culture of masculinity in Thailand. Thai urban gay people perceived this masculine image and used it to achieve and sustain their sexual imagination. The article demonstrates the representation of male slim and slender bodies in specific social and cultural contexts, which Thai gay men had gradually learned about homoeroticism. It has been found that the homosexual attraction to the slim body image of Thai young men is culturally different from the Western paradigm of big-body gay clones involved in Western gay culture magazines. It could be noted that the cultural and social context behind these homoerotic relations is the changing way of presenting the masculine body of the Thai gay community.

The impact of EU law on national legal systems and the world order

The article analyzes the impact of EU law on national legal systems and the world order. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the EU began active work on strengthening its authority and influence. In the 1990s, the EU (whose members also belonged to the Council of Europe) made the ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (with Protocols) (European Convention on Human Rights) a necessary condition for EU membership, which involved a lot of preparatory work in the field of human rights for candidate countries. The founding treaties of the EU, in contrast to ordinary international treaties, established a new legal order with its own institutions, in favor of which states limited their sovereign rights in increasingly wide areas, the subjects of which are not only member states, but also their citizens. The active development of integration processes taking place within the framework of the EU leads to further convergence and closer interaction of the national legal systems of the member states with the EU, as a result of which the circle of legal relations, which are legally regulated by the norms of EU law, is expanding. A key role in the proper functioning and implementation of these norms (EU law) is played by the specific procedure of their implementation into the national law of the member states, which is understood as the process of transposition of the norms of EU law, including the creation of the order and procedures for their introduction into the national legal systems of the member states. With the deepening of European integration, the constitutionalization of EU law began: the founding treaties evolved from a set of agreements binding only on member states to founding treaties that provide the basis of a single legal regime. This regime grants rights and imposes obligations on all public and natural persons on the territory of the EU, since the norms of the founding treaties have direct effect and absolute supremacy, forming a kind of integration legal system. Currently, there is a close connection between EU law and the national legislation of the EU member states. The impact of EU law on the national legal systems of candidate countries for EU membership is indisputable. These trends suggest that while the emergence of Community (now Union) law has given rise to a new legal order, distinct from national law, these historically distinct legal orders now form a common legal system.

Identifying opportunities for community EMS fall prevention

BackgroundFalls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults in the United States. Current fall prevention interventions rely on provider referral or enrollment during inpatient admissions and require engagement and independence of the patient. Community emergency medical services (CEMS) are a unique opportunity to rapidly identify older adults at risk for falls and provide proactive fall prevention interventions in the home. We describe the demographics and treatment characteristics of the older adult population most likely to benefit from these interventions. Materials and methodsWe linked 2019 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Massachusetts State Emergency Department (ED) and State Inpatient Databases with American Hospital Association survey data to query ED encounters and inpatient admissions for adults age ≥55 with ED encounters for fall-related injury between July 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. Univariable descriptive statistics assessed participant characteristics and bivariable tests of significance compared diagnoses, disposition, and hospital characteristics between older adults with and without an EMS encounter in the six months prior to the presenting fall. ResultsOf 66,027 older adults who presented with a fall to a Massachusetts ED in July-December 2019, 7,942 (11%) had a prior encounter with EMS in the preceding six months, most of which included an injury diagnosis (99%). Compared to older adults without previous EMS encounters, those with previous EMS encounters were more often in poorer health (17% vs. 10% with multiple or complex comorbidities, p < 0.001) and of lower socioeconomic status (12% vs. 8% in lowest neighborhood income quartile, p < 0.001; 10% vs. 6% enrolled in Medicaid, p < 0.001) compared to those without a prior EMS encounter. ConclusionsA significant proportion of older adults presenting to the ED with fall related injury have encounters with EMS in the preceding months. These participants are predisposed to poorer health and economic outcomes worsened by their fall and thus demonstrate a population that would benefit from CEMS fall prevention programs.

Utilization of Emergency Medicine Telehealth Support for Pediatric Patients in Community Emergency Departments

Utilization of Emergency Medicine Telehealth Support for Pediatric Patients in Community Emergency Departments

The impact of Zika emergence in remote communities in northwestern Ecuador.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Latin America (2015-2016) has primarily been studied in urban centers, with less understanding of its impact on smaller rural communities. To address this gap, we analyzed ZIKV sero-epidemiology in six rural Ecuadorian communities (2018-2019) with varying access to a commercial hub. Seroprevalence ranged from 19% to 54% measured by NS1 blockade of binding ELISA. We observed a decline in ZIKV seroprevalence between 2018 and 2019 that was greater among younger populations, suggesting that the attack rates in the 2015-16 epidemic were significantly higher than our 2018 observations. These data indicate that the 2015-16 epidemic included significant transmission in rural and more remote settings. Our observations of high seroprevalence in our area of study highlights the importance of surveillance and research in rural areas lacking robust health systems to manage future Zika outbreaks and vaccine initiatives.

Moving Apart, Coming Together: The Formation of an LGBTQ Movement Community in South Korea

ABSTRACT This study examines the emergence and development of a social movement community among LGBTQ population. Drawing on the case of the LGBTQ movement in South Korea between 1993 and 2019 from a longitudinal perspective, we identify the relational dynamics of how different movement groups avoid internal frictions and successfully develop a movement community. Our findings suggest that, as a response to repeated repressive external events, LGBTQ groups have formed and maintained collaborative networks based on a common identity as “sexual minorities.” By examining the networks of movement coalitions, we also identify key movement groups that played a critical role in connecting other groups with disparate sexual and gender identities within the community. These bridging actors were either the pioneering gay and lesbian groups that have collaborated since the 1990s or the new groups founded around inclusive collective identities such as “sexual minorities” or “queers.” Implications for the studies on social movements and homosexuality are discussed.