EMC Test Research Articles

Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing Method and Application of Generators Based on Flexible Loading System

As an important part of the extended-range new-energy vehicle, the electromagnetic compatibility of the generator system will affect the overall performance of the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct electromagnetic compatibility testing on the generator system, which includes two parts: electromagnetic emission and electromagnetic immunity. By implementing EMC testing of generators based on flexible loading equipment, we simulate the working state of the generator system during the real vehicle operation in the 3m anechoic chamber and evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility performance of the generator system. Flexible loading equipment can solve the adverse effects of large engine system volume, high noise, and exhaust emissions on the anechoic chamber environment in extended-range new-energy vehicles, and obtain real-time testing information of the generator system, achieving the standard requirements of quantifiable and evaluable test results.

A new fire-resistant thin pyramidal absorber based straw and gypsum powder for cost-effective EMC test chambers

In this study, low-cost, easy-fabrication, hollow, and thin pyramidal absorbers based on straw and gypsum powder (SGP-PA) are designed and fabricated for EMC test chambers and measured at 8–12 GHz. The novelty of this paper is the use of straw and gypsum powder materials naturally found in the environment together with carbon fiber (CF) which is preferred as a conductive additive material due to its various properties such as high conductivity, non-pollution in the fabrication process, binding ability thanks to its fibrous structure, and being usable in composite materials by means of its mechanical properties. Consequently, the effects of parameters such as CF ratio, thickness, base layer, and height of SGP-PA on absorptivity level are investigated with simulation/measurement results in order to shed light on absorber designers by obtaining optimum absorption. According to the results, different comments are made for each parameter by obtaining reflectivity values ranging between −21 dB and −50 dB.

Research on EMC test standard of fuel cell system for standardization development of automobile industry

This paper introduces the vehicle fuel cell system and EMC test methods, and systematically analyses the research progress of EMC test standards for the automotive industry and fuel cell system. Taking the air compressor controller of the fuel cell system as an example, this study puts forward a method for formulating the electromagnetic compatibility test standard of the vehicle fuel cell system, and gives suggestions for formulating the relevant series of standards.

Intelligent video surveillance of containers in the view of electromagnetic compatibility tests

Abstract: The article presents the results of field tests of the intelligent video monitoring system of railway wagons, own name IMW. The IMW device was created as part of a project financed by the National Center for Research and Development, under Measure 4.1 of the Intelligent Development Operational Program 2014-2020 POIR.04.01.04-00-0157/17-00. The leader of the project is MobileMS, while the Railway Institute conducted various research works from 2019 to 2021 together with other institutions (consortium partners) i.e. STIPENDIUM Institute of Science and Technology and Kodegenix. The Automation and Telecommunications Laboratory of the Railway Institute realized part of the electromagnetic compatibility tests. The measurements were carried out in laboratory and field conditions in order to reduce as much as possible the level of generated interference from the IMW device. Tests were carried out on the IMW device mounted by means of metal clamps on the hydraulic distribution block of the WM-15A type motorized bogie. EMC and interference test specialists of the Railway Institute developed test templates according to which the planned measurements were carried out. Keywords: Electromagnetic Compatibility; Diagnostics; Radiated emission

The importance and directions of electromagnetic compatibility test methodologies development in the aspect of vehicle safety

In this paper the definition of electromagnetic compatibility in the context of testing vehicle components and complete vehicles was presented. Potential threats resulting from particular EMC phenomena in vehicles were presented. Analysis of the areas identified in obligatory and non-obligatory normative documents was made. The areas which, in the opinion of the authors, should be incorporated into the obligatory normative documents were indicated. The substantive justification for the need to conduct EMC tests and analysis at the design, prototyping stage, before implementation, and periodically during operation (for justified cases) was presented. Good engineering practices in the field of eliminating the negative effects of EMC phenomena were indicated. Authors described how the change in the approach to EMC issues increases the vehicles safety.

New Products

Gauss' new Real-time Spectrum and Signal Analyzer TDEMI® S of GAUSS INSTRUMENTS® is their new benchmark for real-time, communication and EMC testing. It is flexible in its configurability and its extensibility. In its basic configuration the TDEMI® S is a high-performance spectrum analyzer and is available in the frequency ranges up to 1, 6, 9, 18, 26, 40, 44 and 50 GHz.

The Vital Role of Simulation for Virtual EMI and EMC Test Environments

5G, the internet of things and high-speed wireless communication all require the deployment of microwave and millimetre-wave devices and systems that are optimised for performance. To ensure the operation of these systems and avoid EMI and EMC, designers can turn to virtual test platforms through simulation software.

L-EMCPA: Call for Letters on EMC Testing and Qualification

L-EMCPA: Call for Letters on EMC Testing and Qualification

Novel evaluation and testing of technology qualification process of subsea oil and gas products

Use of robust products is of utmost importance in the subsea production systems to ensure the maximum utilization of the energy resources available under the seabed. To achieve highly reliable products, a comprehensive technology qualification program is proposed in this paper for the subsea electrical and electronics-based products. The recommended qualification program is specifically focused on a novel technology readiness level 4 (TRL4) process of the product used in an intended environment condition, which guarantees the product availability on the seabed without any operational failures. The analytical assessment on the products’ design, operating conditions and compliance stress tests are proposed following the internationally recognized standards, e.g. The American Petroleum Institute (API) , International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), European Standards (EN) and European Union (EU-directives). Modified environmental tests methods and novel product safety procedures are introduced for the first time to ensure that products meet the acceptance criteria set in the proposed TRL4 process. Finally, the proposed TRL4 process and its recommended test methods are exercised on the various functional units of the subsea electronic module. The experimental results show that the product is fit for use in the subsea environment after going through the proposed extensive qualification test program. • Novel Technology qualification process ensures the products’ operation on seabed. • Compliance to the proposed environmental test methods increase product reliability. • Appropriate EMC and safety test methods are identified for the Subsea products. • Proposed TRL4 qualification process ensures the safe operation of Subsea products.

The Vital Role of Simulation for Virtual EMI and EMC Test Environments

5G, the internet of things and high-speed wireless communication all require the deployment of microwave and millimetre-wave devices and systems that are optimised for performance. To ensure the operation of these systems and avoid EMI and EMC, designers can turn to virtual test platforms through simulation software.

Practical Papers, Articles and Application Notes

Inter Laboratory Comparison (ILC) forms an integral part of an EMC test laboratory competence level. It provides objective evidence for accreditation purposes as well as demonstrates the comparability and acceptability of the test results measured in the accredited laboratory. The first paper, “Importance of Performance Improvement for Inter Laboratory Comparison (ILC) of Radiated Emission Measurements,” reveals that the test conditions and methodologies of the laboratories cannot be totally identical when testing a sample based on ILC. This can cause deviation in radiated emission (RE) measurement results, in addition to those described sources of uncertainty in the standards. Based on the test results obtained from 16 EMC test laboratories participating in the ILC program, the factors influencing the ILC program, performance improvement techniques, and corrective measures are discussed.

Importance of Performance Improvement for Inter Laboratory Comparison (ILC) of Radiated Emission Measurements

The key factors that influence the Radiated Emission (RE) measurement results of Inter Laboratory Comparison (ILC) program, conducted as part of proficiency testing/Quality Assurance of EMC test laboratory are presented in this paper. The evaluated classical Z score results and overall performance of the participant EMC test laboratories in ILC program are affected by these factors. The performance improvement techniques to address the influencing factors and eliminate the deviation in test results of ILC program are outlined in detail. A case study was conducted in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz, as the deviation in Z score results is predominant below 1 GHz. The importance of awareness required to conduct ILC program accurately with minimum possible errors is highlighted in this paper.

TÜV SÜD Invests in EMC Test Facility

TÜV SÜD Invests in EMC Test Facility

Method for Evaluating Digital Video Electromagnetic Information Leakage from Video Cable

Electromagnetic emissions from electrical information equipment may contain useful information and lead to information leakage. In order to detect the electromagnetic information leakage of digital video cable, a rapid testing method for computer video information leakage detection without reconstructing the displayed image is proposed. In this method, the electromagnetic radiation spectrum of typical image transmitted by HDMI cable is simulated. Then the electromagnetic radiation spectrum of the computer when transmitting the same image as the typical image is obtained by conduction and radiation EMC test methods. Finally, the correlation between the spectrum of simulation and the test spectrum is analyzed, and the correlation coefficient is used to judge whether the computer has produced the electromagnetic leakage of video information. The analysis and test results show that when the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.5, the electromagnetic leakage of computer video information can be judged.

A Methodology to Analyze and Evaluate the Uncertainty Propagation due to Temperature and Frequency and Design Optimization for EMC Testing Instrumentation

This paper presents a study and proposes a new methodology to analyze, evaluate and reduce the overall uncertainty of instrumentations for EMC measurements. For the scope of this work, the front end of a commercial EMI receiver is chosen and variations due to tolerances, temperature and frequency response of the system are evaluated. This paper illustrates in detail how to treat each block composing the model by analyzing each discrete component, and how to evaluate their influence on the measurand. Since a model can have hundreds or even thousands of parameters, the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of some variable might be unknown. So, a method that allows to obtain in a fast and easy way the uncertainty of the measurement despite having so many variables, to then being able to evaluate the influence of each component on the measurand, is necessary for a correct design. In this way, it will be possible to indicate which discrete components have the most influence on the measurand and thus set the maximum tolerances allowed and being able to design a cost-effective solution. Furthermore, this works presents a methodology which can easily be extended and applied to estimate and compute the uncertainty for electromagnetic interferences, energy storage systems (ESS), energy production, electric machines, electric transports and power plants in general.

Air pollution reducer using cluster corona electric field net

This research paper presents the air pollution reducer using cluster corona electric field net on principle of high frequency plasma process, high voltage adjusting technique and efficiency filter. The switching power supply circuit based on small inverter comprises of HF pulse generator using IC number 3526 for the high voltage adjustment at 1.8 kV, 2.9 kV, 3.5 kV, 3.9 kV and 4.1 kV under frequency adjustment at 10 kHz, 11 kHz, 12 kHz, 17 kHz and 22 kHz, respectively, and IC maker was used as a ground isolator and signal expanding for Power MOSFET#IRFP450 driving to control high voltage of high frequency transformer to generate 1.8 kV, 2.9 kV, 3.5 kV, 3.9 kV and 4.1 kV to electric field net cell (cell eliminate toxic gases) for produce ozone. The results are high frequency adjusting of high voltage at 1.8 kV equal to 10 kHz, 2.9 kV equal to 11 kHz, 3.5 kV equal to 12 kHz, 3.9 kV equal to 17 kHz and 4.1 kV equal to 22 kHz which the testing of ozone measuring will observation at high voltage equal 1.8 kV enables produce ozone 1.28 ppm, 2.9 kV enables produce ozone 1.56 ppm, 3.5 kV enables produce ozone 2.35 ppm, 3.9 kV enables produce ozone 2.61 ppm and 4.1 kV enables produce ozone 2.73 ppm. As the ozone content increases, the benzene and carbon monoxide levels decrease accordingly and can be used in the photocopying, printing, laminating and baking rooms covering an area of 200 square meters. Air pollution reducer can capture dust particles of PM2.5 size and has a dust extraction efficiency of 97.16 % by using a particulate meter which has passed the Electromagnetic Compatibility Standard Analysis (EMC Testing), the Power Consumption Analysis Test, and the Electric Leakage Safety Usage Analysis Test. are completed. Testing at the test room of electrical and electronic products testing center (PTEC), NSTDA, Thailand. Therefore, this research was funded activities to promote and support research of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation from the Department of Ramkhamhaeng University, fiscal year 2021 and can be developed into commercial innovations in the future.

A Compact, Broadband, and Calculable Electromagnetic Field Source for Quality Assurance in EMC Testing

The aim of this article is to describe the design, realization, and characterization of a compact, broadband, and calculable electromagnetic field source. The source has been extensively used as a traveling reference radiator in proficiency tests of radiated emission measurements. The result of its characterization has been validated by more than 500 measurements over the frequency range from 50 to 6000 MHz in semianechoic (3 and 10 m) and fully anechoic (3 m) chambers. The use of the source as a reference radiator for emission measurements could be extended to other testing facilities, such as transverse electromagnetic waveguides and reverberation chambers.

자동차 LED 램프의 EMS 시험을 위한 조도 모니터링 자동화에 관한 연구

When testing the EMS of an automotive LED lamp, light meters or ammeters can be used to monitor the normal operation conditions and performance degradation. However, in reality, illuminance is monitored by relying on human eyes because they are not suitable for use in an EMS test noise environment. If illuminance is monitored by using human eyes, the judgment criterion of normal operation is vague, and accurate monitoring is impossible owing to factors such as vision, blink of an eye, and eye fatigue of the test engineer. In this paper, we propose an automation system that can quantitatively monitor the illuminance of an automotive LED lamp while avoiding EMC test interference inside the chamber.

A Reliability-Exploitation Analysis of a Static Converter Taking Into Account Electromagnetic Interference

Abstract The paper presents issues associated with the impact of electromagnetic interference on static converters, which exploitation in a railway transport environment. The measurements of an electromagnetic field emitted by a static converter were shown. Designs of this kind are exploitation in railway facilities, therefore, they should not disturb the functioning of other equipment, the rail traffic control systems, in particular. As a result of the EMC tests, it was concluded that the permissible values of conducted interference emissions were exceeded. An analysis of the obtained results enabled developing a research model, and a further reliability and exploitation analysis, taking into account electromagnetic interference. This, in turn, enabled determining a relationship allowing to determine the probability of a static converter staying in a state of full ability. The presented discussions regarding a static converter, taking into account electromagnetic interference, allow for the numerical assessment of different types of solutions (technical and organizational), which can be implemented in order to mitigate the impact of electromagnetic interference on a system’s functioning.

Temperature field calculation and water cooling design of the magnetic field immunity testing system

The magnetic field immunity test system is an important equipment of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) electronic and electrical EMC test, which will produce great heat in the process of operation. To ensure the safety and stability of the magnetic field immunity testing system, thermal analysis with a rated current of 30 kA is carried out in this study. The system structure and contact resistance are analyzed, and the corresponding finite element model is established. The influences of air-cooled and water-cooled structures on the temperature rise of the system are discussed. The influence of cooling medium, conductor material, the inner diameter of the waterway and contact area on the heat dissipation of the system is analyzed, and two kinds of waterway structures are proposed. After analysis and calculation, the two-turn series cooling mode with better heat dissipation and minimum water quantity is selected as the final scheme. Through research on a test platform and a comparison with experimental data, the rationality of the temperature field calculation model and the correctness of the calculation results are verified.