Emblica Officinalis Extract Research Articles

Neurohistopathological Alterations Induced by Clitoria Ternatea and Emblica Officinalis Extracts in Diabetic Male Wistar Rats.

Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that can lead to significant neurodegenerative complications. The extracts of traditional medicinal plants such as Clitoria ternatea and Emblica officinalis have neuroprotective properties. This study investigates the neurohistopathological alterations in diabetic male Wistar rats treated with these extracts. Objective This study aimed to assess the neuroprotective potential of Clitoria ternatea and Emblica officinalis extracts in mitigating neurohistopathological alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats Methods In this experimental investigation, 48 male Wistar rats, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 200-250g, were randomly allocated into eight groups (n=6): control, diabetic model, metformin treatment, Clitoria ternatea extract treatment, Emblica officinalis extract treatment, diabetic model + Clitoria ternatea extract treatment, diabetic model + Emblica officinalis extract treatment, and diabetic model + combined extract treatment.Streptozotocin 40 mg/kg was used to induce diabetes. Treatments included 100 mg/kg metformin, 300 mg/kg Clitoria ternatea extract, and 250 mg/kg Emblica officinalis extract. After three weeks, blood glucose levels, body weight, and neurohistopathological parameters (neuronal degeneration, gliosis, and vacuolation) were evaluated. Results The diabetic rats had much higher blood sugar levels (320.4 ± 15.3 mg/dL) and lost a lot of weight (180.7 ± 9.5 g) compared to the control group, which had normal blood sugar levels (92.3 ± 4.8 mg/dL) and stable body weight (225.4 ± 12.1 g) (p < 0.001). Treatment with Clitoria ternatea extract reduced blood glucose to 160.3 ± 12.1 mg/dL, while Emblica officinalis extract lowered it to 155.4 ± 11.8 mg/dL. The combined treatment brought glucose levels closer to normal (110.5 ± 8.9 mg/dL). Similarly, both extracts mitigated weight loss, with the combined treatment maintaining body weight at 220.4 ± 12.0 g, close to the control group (p < 0.05). The study of diabetic rats that had not been treated showed severe neuronal degeneration (4.2±0.4), gliosis (4.5±0.5), and vacuolation (4.7±0.5). Treatment groups showed marked reductions in these parameters, with the combined treatment producing the greatest neuroprotective effects, comparable to controls (p < 0.001). Conclusions Extracts from Clitoria ternatea and Emblica officinalis, particularly when combined, provide significant neuroprotective advantages in male Wistar diabetic rats, significantly lowering hyperglycemia and related neurohistopathological changes. These findings support the potential use of these extracts as complementary or alternative therapies in managing diabetic complications.

Effects of geographical variation on the phytochemicals gallic acid, corilagin, and ellagic acid, as well as medicinal properties of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Fruit)

Geographical variation can significantly influence the abundance and distribution of phytochemicals within the raw drug, which in turn may affect its medicinal efficacy and potential health benefits. Understanding these variations is crucial for optimizing cultivation practices and harnessing the full therapeutic potential of herbal raw drug. Owing to the lack of availability of the comprehensive study on the effects of geographical variation on phytochemicals & micronutrient content and antioxidant & antibacterial potential of Emblica officinalis (EO), in the current study, EO fruit samples from different terrestrial regions of India were analyzed to identify variations in certain phytochemicals and nutrients content. A broad study including the identification, substantiation and phytochemical analysis of EO has been performed via a validated HPLC method. The complete profiling of various volatile metabolites present in the sample has been done by GC-MS/MS technique. The observed range of phytochemicals present in different EO samples using validated HPLC-DAD method are 4.38 to 69.41 mg/g for Gallic acid, 0.50 to 5.54 mg/g for Corilagin and 3.92 to 15.34 mg/g for ellagic acid. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) for different samples of EO ranged from 52.86–175.47 mg GAE/g of wt. and 1.28–13.88 mg QCE/g of wt. respectively. ICP-OES analysis depicts substantial amount of various essential micronutrients such as Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. In antibacterial assay, methanolic extracts of EO obtained from Pune zone exhibited promising activity against S. aureus, S. typhi and MRSA strains with inhibition zones of 28, 23 and 28 mm, respectively. Further, the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of EO on the basis of analyzed phytochemicals have also been evaluated through molecular docking study.

Effect of Drying Pretreatment Methods on Amla (Emblica officinalis) Extracts Obtained Through Maceration Using Ethanol as Solvent

Effect of Drying Pretreatment Methods on Amla (Emblica officinalis) Extracts Obtained Through Maceration Using Ethanol as Solvent

Amla (Emblica officinalis) alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats

IntroductionDoxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anticancer drug known for its significant cardiotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Seeking remedies to mitigate these adverse effects is crucial. This study investigates the potential of Emblica officinalis (Amla) extract, a prominent component in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine systems, in alleviating DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. MethodsDOX (20 mg/kg i.p., once) was given to rats to cause acute cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Rats received 16 similar and cumulative doses of DOX (1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) on alternate days for chronic cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Biochemical and histological evaluations were done to confirm the onset of cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. ResultsThe cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of Amla extract (AE) (150 mg/kg p.o. and 300 mg/kg p.o) were evaluated in comparison to Vitamin E (25 mg/kg p.o.). The treatment with AE (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) considerably prevented DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress by positively altering the integrity of glomeruli, restoring the tissue GSH and decreasing serum TBARS. AE (300 mg/kg) was found to be more cardioprotective and nephroprotective than Vitamin E (25 mg/kg p.o.). DiscussionIt may be concluded that the induction of cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats may be due to DOX-induced oxidative stress, and chronic treatment with AE (300 mg/kg) is an effective way to alleviate the cardiotoxic and nephrotoxic adverse effects of DOX in rats. Moreover, given Amla's historical and contemporary significance in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine systems, its potential therapeutic role merits further exploration in clinical settings.

Memory protective effect of Phyllanthus emblica against scopolamine induced spatial memory loss in male Long Evan Rats tested by Radial Arm Maze

Background: Dementia is the commonest problem of middle aged and elderly subjects due to age related changes and oxidative stress. Many traditional herbal agents including Emblica Officinalis (Phyllantus Emblica) demonstrated its benefit against memory loss. Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Ethanolic extract of Phyllantus Emblica (EEPE) or Emblica Officinalis in scopolamine induced memory impaired male Long Evan rats. Methods: This animal behavioral study was carried out on total 18 male long Evan rats weighing 300-400gm. According to treatment they were divided into NS (control) group (n=6, normal saline 5ml/kg) Sco(n=6; Scopolamine 2mg/kg) and PE(n=6; EEPE 400mg/kg+ Scopolamine 2mg/kg).This experiment was conducted for total 33 days. After 7 days acclimatization NS group and PE rats were treated with normal saline and EEPE respectively for consecutive 26 days. Scopolamine was given to sco group and PE group from day 22 to 26 (5 days during acquisition phase. Spatial memory (working and reference memory error) was assessed by 8 arm radial arm maze (RAM). Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Result: Working memory error (WME) as well as reference memory error (RME) was found significantly higher in scopolamine treated rats compared to normal memory as well as PE pretreated rats whereas no significant difference was found in WME and RME between normal memory rats and PE pre- treated rats. Conclusion: Phyllanthus Emblica can prevent memory impairment in scopolamine induced memory loss in Long Evan rats. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol 2022;17(2): 101-110

Novel Phytosomal Formulation of Emblica officinalis Extracts with Its In Vivo Nootropic Potential in Rats: Optimization and Development by Box-Behnken Design

Purpose. The present study aimed to improve the aqueous solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and nootropic potential of standardized Emblica officinalis extract (EOE) by developing a novel phytosomal formulation. Method. Emblica officinalis extract-loaded phytosomes (EOPs) were prepared using solvent evaporation. The EOP was prepared at different molar ratios of extract and phospholipid. Herein, the effects of phospholipid extract ratio (A), temperature (B), and reaction time (C) were systematically investigated on entrapment efficiency using Box-Behnken design. In vitro and in vivo characterizations of the optimized formulation were performed. Results. Optimized EOP formulation (89.90 ± 0.24 μg/ml) exhibited improved aqueous solubility than plain EOE (11.85 ± 0.25 μg/ml). The optimized formulation’s particle size and Zeta potential were 198.4 ± 0.20 nm and −39.0 ± 0.40 mv. DSC and XRD studies confirmed the partial amorphization of EOE in phytosomes. Optimized formulation exhibited 69.82 ± 0.17% of EOE release at 12 h and followed zero-order release kinetics. Moreover, the phytosomal formulation of EOE exhibited its rationality with an improvement of bioavailability by 2.7 folds compared with pure EOE. Compared to EOE, EOP showed significantly (p&lt;0.05 lower escape and transfer latencies on both days in MWMT and EPMT, indicating more effective memory-enhancing activity. Furthermore, EOP-treated rats exhibited improved acetylcholine (Ach) levels than EOE. Brain tissue concentrations measured following EOP oral administration (1.06 ± 0.04 μg/ml) were substantially greater (p&lt;0.05) than those following EOE (0.32 ± 0.07 μg/ml). The brain dopamine and serotonin concentration were found to be higher (16.27 ± 1.209 and 43.28 ± 1.550 ng/ml) in the EOP-treated group as compared to the pure extract-treated group (10.40 ± 1.185 and 32.79 ± 1.738 ng/ml). Conclusion. Improvement of aqueous solubility, permeability, dissolution, bioavailability, and narrower particle size distribution could facilitate enhancement in the nootropic potential of EOE phytosomal formulation.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of ultrasonic and rotary agitation of herbal irrigating solutions on smear layer: A SEM study.

Instrumentation and irrigation balance helps in effective removal of endodontic microbes housing inside the smear layer. This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether activation of the irrigating solutions with two different systems during the final irrigation step can lead to smear layer formation in the middle and apical third of the root canal and (2) evaluate and compare the smear layer removal ability of the aqueous extracts of Emblica officinalis and Morinda citrifolia. A total of 72 single-rooted teeth were prepared up to F4 ProTaper. The specimens were assigned into eight groups of nine teeth each, according to the final irrigant and activation techniques. Further, the teeth were evaluated under SEM for endodontic smear layer at the middle and apical third. Inferential statistics included Pearson's Chi-square. Level of significance was set at 0.05 at 95% confidence level. Ultrasonic activation system showed significant (P = 0.000) amount of smear layer compared to XP-Endo Finisher file. A significant difference (P = 0.00) in the smear layer removal was observed when 6% M. citrifolia was activated with XP-Endo Finisher file both in the middle and apical third. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that smear layer formation was noted with ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher file when saline was used as an irrigant. 6% M. citrifolia when activated with XP-Endo Finisher file showed best results among all other experimental groups.

An &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Study for Evaluating the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Polyherbal Combination Against &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; in the Management of &lt;i&gt;Mutrakrichra&lt;/i&gt; (Urinary Tract Infection)

Millions of people worldwide experience Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), which rank among the most widespread bacterial infections. UTIs are a common health issue, particularly among women and certain populations. Escherichia coli is the most frequent pathogen, causing 75-90 % of UTIs. Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and preventive measures can help reduce the burden of UTIs and minimize complications associated with these infections. In order to address this issue, classical formulations are mentioned in Ayurvedic texts. In the current study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Emblica officinalis (Amalaki) and Berberis aristata (Daruharidra) were prepared. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts and their combination was evaluated by establishing their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and measuring the zone of inhibition. The combination of Amalaki and Daruharidra with honey shows significant inhibition of E. coli which is comparable with tablet Norfloxacin. This study suggests that Emblica officinalis (Amalaki) and Berberis aristata (Daruharidra) can be used in Mutrakrichra associated with Mutradaha in the context of urinary tract infections.

Screening of anti-ulcer activity of Emblica officinalis fruit extract on NSAID-induced peptic ulcer model in albino rats

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a prevalent health concern. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 receptor blockers, prostaglandin analogs, etc., are available as anti-ulcer agents, they have their own limitations. The clinical assessment of these medications revealed adverse effects, relapse frequency, and tolerance development, raising doubts about their effectiveness. Thus, there is a need to search for newer synthetic and herbal formulations that have fewer side effects and improved efficacy. Emblica officinalis (EO) or amla has shown to have antioxidant and antisecretory properties; hence, it was chosen for the study. Aims and Objectives: (1) The aim of this study was to screen the anti-ulcer activity of EO aqueous fruit extract in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced peptic ulcer models of albino rats and (2) to compare the anti-ulcer effect of EO aqueous fruit extract with the standard drug omeprazole. Materials and Methods: Four groups comprising six albino rats each were formed. Group 1 (the control) received distilled water, followed by indomethacin 25 mg/kg orally. Group 2 (standard) received omeprazole 10 mg/kg, followed by indomethacin 25 mg/kg. Groups 3 and 4 received the aqueous extract of EO in 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively, followed by indomethacin at 25 mg/kg. After 1 h of indomethacin administration, the stomach was examined for ulceration. The severity score was determined to calculate the ulcer index (UI) and percentage inhibition. The results were analyzed statistically using the Mann–Whitney U-test (SPSS software version 22). Results: In the screening model mentioned above, the test agent at dosages of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant decrease in total severity score, UI, and percentage inhibition as compared to the control group. The comparison of the results of the standard drug omeprazole with those of the test groups was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The gastroprotective activity of amla (EO) may be due to its antioxidant and antisecretory properties. This study proves the gastroprotective action of EO.

ROLE OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS IN COPPER INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN ADULT ALBINO RATS

Background: Copper (Cu) is an important heavy metal used widely in all industries. However, its toxicity on various organs is established. Emblica officinalis, commonly known as Amla, is a potential antioxidant and can prevent Cu induced hepatotoxicity. &#x0D; Objective: To evaluate the effects of Emblica officinalis extract on liver histology and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels after Cu induced toxicity on adult albino rats.&#x0D; Methods: This was an experimental study of 28 days duration. 36 adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of twelve animals each. Group A was control group in which rats were given 1.5 ml normal saline while group B rats were given CuSO4 200mg/kg b.w./day. Rats in Group C were given both CuSO4 (200mg/kg b.w/day) and Emblica officinalis fruit extract (300mg/kg bw/day). The agents were fed via orogastric tube for four weeks and rats were sacrificed 24 hours after administration of last dose.&#x0D; Results: Cu treated rats showed necrosis of hepatocytes and Increased serum ALT levels. Emblica officinalis co-treatment attenuated Cu-induced hepatic necrosis and variation in ALT levels. The difference among the groups was statistically significant with p-value &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion: Emblica officinalis fruit extract improves liver function in Cu induced hepatotoxicity by limiting oxidative damage.

Advance In-Vivo Activities of Polyherbal Formulations (Foeniculum Vulgare, Emblica Officinalis and Ocimum Sanctum) with Different Pharmacological Studies

Herbal products with potential therapeutic and nutritional values are gaining importance among people around the world. Herbal products are typically regarded as safe for use on humans. The preparation and marketing of extracts from various herbal items or purified bioactive components takes many different forms. Products with more than two herbal extracts are called polyherbal products. They are frequently regarded as prophylactically or therapeutically useful due to their complimentary and/or potentiating functions as a result of the advantages of one another. The phytochemical screening was performed for presence of various phytoconstituents. Our interest was to study the effect of polyherbal formulation (PHF), composed of Foeniculum vulgare, Emblica officinalis and aerial part of Ocimum sanctum. The anxiolytic activity of polyherbal formulations were examined by using the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), open field test (OFT), and motor coordination test assessed by Rota rod test (RT) and hole board test (HST). The present study is designed to evaluate the Acute toxicity studies, anti-stress effect and anti-anxiety effect of extract of Foeniculum vulgare, Emblica officinalis and aerial part of Ocimum sanctum using various experimental models in rodents. A current investigation concluded that PHF exhibited a strong anti-stress effect and anti-anxiety effect.

Phytochemical Investigation and Thin Layer Chromatography of Methanol Extract of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis Leaves

The current study focuses on phytochemical screening of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis leaf extracts in methanol solvent. The antibacterial compounds found in both leaf extracts of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis plants were investigated using phytochemical studies. The extracts contained flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic chemicals, according to preliminary phytochemical screening. The solvent systems of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (24:5:2) and chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (50:50:1) yielded the most phytochemicals from methanolic extracts of Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis plants, respectively. On TLC plates, these chemicals were separated, resulting in the discovery of different spots in both leaf extracts. The Rf values of methanol extract of P. corylifolia run under toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (24:5:2) solvent system was 0.12, 0.19, 0.30, 0.41, 0.53, 0.65, 0.77, 0.84, 0.89, and 0.92, respectively, while Rf values of methanol leaf extract of E. officinalis run under chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (50:50:1)solvent system was 0.23, 0.31, 0.41, 0.64, 0.76 and 0.88 respectively. The results of the investigation will be used to confirm the proper identification of antibacterial fractions from P. corylifolia and E. officinalis crude plant extracts by GC-MS. The optimum solvent for extracting antibacterial components from P. corylifolia and E. officinalis leaves was methanol.

Potential role of Albizia lebbeck and Emblica officinalis on smooth muscle contractions in experimental animal models

Background and objectiveSpasms are involuntary muscular contractions commonly seen frequently. This study used isolated tissue preparations to test the efficacy of Albizia lebbeck (A.L) and Emblica officinalis (E.O) extracts for spasmolytic activity. Materials and methodsThe herbal extracts were tested in isolated guinea pig ileum, rat uterus, rat fundus, and rabbit jejunum. Histamine was used as spasmogen in guinea pig ileum, while 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was in rat uterus and rat fundus. Spontaneous contractions' amplitude and frequency were recorded in the rabbit jejunum after administering herbal extracts. The influence of the extracts on smooth muscle contraction was calculated and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The P value was kept at <0.05 for all statistical analyses to consider it significant. ResultsObservation from the present study indicated that A.L significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the contraction induced by histamine and 5-HT in guinea pig ileum (50 mcg/ml) and rat fundus (150 mcg/ml), respectively. In the rabbit jejunum, the amplitude and frequency of contraction were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at 500 mcg/ml. E.O. was found to suppress the spasmogenic (histamine and 5-HT) at doses beyond 150 mcg/ml and, in rabbit jejunum, enhanced the amplitude and frequency of contraction at 50 and 150 mcg/ml. The IC50 values for E.O. in guinea pig ileum, rat uterus, and rat fundus were 35.2, 50.3, and 124.7 mcg/ml, respectively. ConclusionThe observation suggests that A.L enhanced smooth muscle contraction in the presence of known spasmogens and reduced it in the absence. Opposite effects were found for E.O., where it reduced contraction in the presence of spasmogens and increased in the absence. These findings suggest potential spasmogenic/spasmolytic activities of the tested extracts.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal cream using ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis for antibacterial activity

Skin infections occur commonly and after present therapeutic challenges to practioners due to the growing concerns regarding multidrug resistant bacterial, viral and fungal strain. The aim of present study was to formulate topical cream using Ethanolic leaves extract Emblica officinalis and evaluate In­­- vitro study the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of dried leaves of Emblica officinalis was determined by using the Agar cup plate method versus different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. By blending the ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (10 % w/w) into aqueous cream we formulated herbal cream. Formulation of herbal cream evaluation their physio-chemical properties, in vitro drug release and in vitro Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The herbal cream formulation A5 show better release and effective against bacterial strain

Effects of dietary supplementation of Amla, Chicory and Leek extracts on growth performance, immunity and blood biochemical parameters of broilers

The need for solutions to relieve heat stress and its undesirable effects on broiler production increased, especially in hot climatic areas. The antioxidant and immune stimulant effects of herbal extracts of Emblica officinalis (Amla), Cichorium intybus (Chicory) and Allium porrum (Leek) were examined against the adverse effects of heat stress in broilers. One thousand Cobb 500 one-day-old chicks were used for this experiment. Birds were divided into four equal groups. The first served as the control group. The second received Amla extract (3 g/kg diet), the third received Chicory extract (3 g/kg diet) and the last group received Leek extracts (3 g/kg diet). All groups were daily subjected to heat stress for 12 h by increasing house temperature to 8 ± 2 °C (10:00 am to 10:00 pm daily) using an electric heater, while relative humidity was kept at 47 ± 3%. Results revealed significant improvement in final body weight in treated groups, especially the Chicory and Amla-fed groups. Total weight gain was improved by dietary supplementation with herbal extracts, while feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality percentage were reduced. The positive impact of the herbal extracts was also clear on carcase traits in the treated groups. Meat and serum lipids were significantly reduced in treated groups. White blood cells, phagocytic index and antioxidant enzyme levels were positively improved by dietary supplementations. In conclusion, using Amla, Chicory and Leek extracts positively improved broilers’ growth performance, immunity and oxidative stress status under heat stress conditions. Highlights Heat stress causes huge economic losses in livestock production worldwide. Herbal extracts are rich in antioxidants at low prices than other feed additives. Herbal extracts can enhance the defense system and reduce the negative effects of heat stress.

Evaluation of Plant Extracts Against Xanthomonas Citri Causing Citrus Canker

Solvents, including acetone, chloroform, distilled water, ethanol, and methanol, were used to test the antibacterial capabilities of two plants, Psoralea corylifolia and Emblica officinalis, against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the major cause of citrus canker disease. Psoralea corylifolia seed extract yielded the highest extraction yield (14.50%) in methanol and the lowest in dichloromethane (9.75%), whereas Emblica officinalis extract yielded the highest extraction yield (15.75%) in methanol and the lowest (0.65%) in petroleumether solvent. Psoralea corylifolia and Emblicaofficinalis methanol extracts were reported to have potential antibacterial action against Xanthomonas citri. In vitro screening of eight plant-concentration interactions revealed various levels of toxicity to the bacterium, indicated as mean zone of inhibition of bacterial growth. At all concentrations examined, it was found that E. officinalis plant extract inhibited the test bacterium the most when compared to P. corylifolia plantextract.

The Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium Induced Ovarian Cancer in Albino Rats with Emblica Officinalis. A Comparative Study

Background: Ovarian cancer may be treated with medicinal herbs like extract from Emblica officinalis Phytochemicals of this herb have antioxidant efficacy against oxidants and reduce cellular as well as genotoxicity. Aims and objectives: In current study hexavalent chromium induced ovarian cancer in albino rats were treated with emblica officinalis extract through a piolet project and measured its efficacy with the passage of time. Research Design: A comparative study of medicinal herbs, Emblica officinalis against ovarian cancer. Population Sampling: In this study female albino rates of about 100 gram body weight were selected comparatively. Sample Size: 15 female albino rates about equal weight were selected and divided them into different groups. Place and Duration: Present study was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022 at animal house of IMBB the University of Lahore and Biochemistry Department of Lahore Medical &amp; Dental College Lahore Pakistan. Methodology: Total 15 female albino rates were selected in this study and divided them into different groups. In Group-A which is control all individuals were normal and not treated with anything. In Group-B and Group-C there were 5 rates in each group and they were treated with different strength of Emblica officinalis extract in distil water. Results: It has seen that the blood serum levels of CA-125, Alpha-fetoprotein and Lactate dehydrogenase in both group-B and group-C presented in table-2, table-3, table-4 and table-5 showed a remarkable significant changes (P≤0.05) after intervals of time. The significant changes in blood serum levels of CA-125, Alpha-fetoprotein and Lactate dehydrogenase (37±0.01, 42±0.01, 341±0.01) were noted in group-C individuals how were treated with 10mg/body weight ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis for two month as compared to the control group-A. Practical implication Conclusion: The significant changes in blood serum levels of CA-125, Alpha-fetoprotein and Lactate dehydrogenase (37±0.01, 42±0.01, 341±0.01) were noted in group-C individuals how were treated with 10mg/body weight ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis for two month as compared to the control group-A. Keywords: Alpha-fetoprotein, Lactate dehydrogenase, Emblica officinalis, Hexavalent Chromium

Formulation and evaluation of cost effective herbal sunscreen gel from aqueous extracts of different fruits of Mizoram, India

Background: Herbal cosmetics have been in tremendous demand in the market due to their unique properties and minimal side effects. The popularity of herbal cosmetics is mainly due to the effect produced by the herbal extract used and its inherent suitability for routine use in daily life. Herbal cosmetics also avoid adverse effects compared to synthetic products.&#x0D; Herbal extracts show remarkable photo protection owing to their ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) rays, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, herbal cosmetics offer the means of less costly products compared to synthetic ones. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate cost-effective herbal sunscreen gel containing aqueous fruit extract of Emblica Officinalis (Indian gooseberry) belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, Daucus carota (Carrot), family- Apiaceae, Carica papaya (Papaya), family-Caricaceae, Punica granatum (pomegranate), family-Punicaceae and latex of leaves of Aloe barbadensis, family-Liliaceae. &#x0D; Methods: The fruits were grinded with a mixer grinder, extracted with distilled water, and then filtered. The Sun protection factor (SPF) of the extracts was determined using a UV visible spectrophotometer followed by different formulations (F1, F2, F3) of sunscreen gel. &#x0D; Results: The SPF value of the herbal extract of Indian gooseberry, Carrot, Aloe Vera, Papaya, and Pomegranate were found to be 0.779±0.616, 2.527±2.213, 0.349±0.318, 2.794±2.976, 2.468±2.313 respectively. The SPF values of formulated gel F1, F2, and F3 are 5.293 ± 0.680, 3.537 ± 0.494, and 3.914± 0.501 respectively. Among the formulations, F1 showed the highest SPF value and better physicochemical properties. After accelerated stability studies, formulated sunscreen did not loss its potency. &#x0D; Conclusions: We can conclude that formulated herbal sunscreen gel may protect skin from harmful UV radiation and can be used as an alternative source of cost-effective sunscreen formulations.

Review on the Hypolipidemic Effects of Amla (Emblica officinalis) Extract Supplementation

Abstract: The lifestyle changes including dietary changes has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. In view of dietary importance in reducing the cardiovascular risks, the review of amla extract supplementation in lowering lipid levels is taken. This article is reviewed using ten original research articles relating supplementation of amla extract and its hypolipidemic effect. This review determined the hypolipidemic effect of amla supplementation on lipid profile, viz, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, in healthy subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The review involves the supplementation of amla extract in the dosage of 250mg, 500mg, 1g, 2g, 3g and 5g which are given in the form of powder itself or capsule form and is advised to take once or two times a day. The duration of the study in the ten original research articles ranged from 21 days to 6 months. The findings of the ten original research articles concluded that irrespective of the duration of the supplementation, the higher the dosage of amla extract, significant changes on lipid profile is observed. Therefore, amla extract can be used as an alternative therapy in lowering the cardiovascular risks.

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Emblica Officinalis Lollipop Against Streptococcus Mutans Counts in Institutionalized Visually Impaired Children.

BackgroundAmong the 1.21 billion population of India, 26.8 million individuals have disabilities, and around five million are visually impaired. These children encounter problems related to oral health maintenance, thus further leading to dental problems. Even though Pediatric dentists treat visually impaired children for their oral problems, they emphasize mainly on the prevention of dental caries. Dental caries has a multifactorial etiology, and dentists are unable to find a complete solution for its prevention. However, reducing Streptococcus mutans has been seen to reduce the caries rate in the past. The use of the herbal product Emblica officinalis to reduce Streptococcus mutans levels has been documented. An affordable delivery system is required to use Emblica officinalis for its anticaries action. Thus, a unique delivery system of herbal sugar-free lollipops containing Emblica officinalis extract was made and can effectively deliver antimicrobial action in visually impaired children.AimTo evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Emblica officinalis lollipop on Streptococcus mutans counts and pH levels in institutionalized visually impaired children.MethodA total of 60 institutionalized visually impaired children (age: 4 to 14 years) were selected. The study consisted of two groups (experimental “Emblica officinalis lollipop” and control “placebo lollipop”), and the children were divided equally into both groups. Children from the study and control groups were subjected to the respective lollipops twice daily for seven days. Streptococcus mutans count and pH count were evaluated at baseline and after seven days post-intervention of the respective lollipop.ResultsThe results showed that in both groups, Streptococcus mutans count was reduced post-intervention. However, the efficacy of the study group (Emblica officinalis lollipop) in inhibiting the Streptococcus mutans count was better than the control group (placebo lollipop). An increase in the pH level was seen post-intervention for both the study and control groups. And on the intergroup comparison, no statistical significance was found.ConclusionThe use of Emblica officinalis lollipop is effective in inhibiting the Streptococcus mutans count when compared with the placebo lollipop. While marginal pH change was seen in both groups. Thus, the herbal modality most acceptable without any pharmaceutical concerns should be chosen. Emblica officinalis lollipops can be used in institutionalized visually impaired children to reduce the oral Streptococcus mutans count and maintain a healthy oral cavity.