Em Engenharia Research Articles

Engineering Education: Challenges for Innovation

“Engineering Education: Challenges for Innovation” is the scope of the 1 International Conference of the Portuguese Society for Engineering Education (in Portuguese: Sociedade Portuguesa para a Educacao em Engenharia, SPEE) [1]. SPEE is a young society now completing four years since its public presentation and launching by the Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, in February 19, 2010. During its first 12 months of activity, SPEE has launched its working groups named “Ethics in Engineering”, “Continuing Education in Engineering” and “Information Technologies” and, later in 2011, the last one called “Tools to Develop Higher Order Thinking Skills”. The Society was attaining by then its own internal momentum and so, developing the capabilities to go further with similar international associations. So, in October 2011 SPEE, in cooperation with the International Society for Engineering Education (IGIP), SPEE had its first official participation in an International Conference, in the SPEE-IGIP Flash Moment within the 1 World Engineering Education Flash Week. In 2012 the Society carried on with the organization of a Special Track “Talking about Teaching 2012” in the IGIP Annual Conference 2012 (Villach, Austria) and also has launched the call for an International Conference of the Society among its members. And this has been the smooth but firm way for reaching in 2013 its 1 International Conference CISPEE2013, in Porto, Portugal, complemented by the second TaT Special Track within IGIP Annual Conference 2013, TaT’13, in Kazan, Russia. During TaT’12 and TaT’13, Special Issues of the International Journal for Engineering Pedagogy have been published and now, the present Special Issue, will be again propagating works accomplishing one of the missions of the SPEE – to promote Engineering Education by sharing experiences, projects, results and discussions in order to contribute for research and for teachers' scientific and professional development. This has also been the purpose of its Newsletters, which brought, when it was launched and every three months, the cooperation of national and international societies and organizations as well as the Society members and international colleagues [2]. In this way, SPEE “will carry on performing its important task within the engineering education community, blessed with the devoted commitment of its members and the invaluable cooperation of international colleagues and sister societies” [3]. The Polytechnic of Porto – School of Engineering (IPP/ISEP) hosted CISPEE2013 on October 31 and November 1, 2013, in Porto, Portugal. CISPEE2013 received 80 submissions (with authors from 21 different nationalities), from which 48 were accepted as full papers (60% acceptance rate), 18 were proposed for presentation as posters, 10 were rejected and 4 were considered not valid. All submissions were double blind reviewed by at least 3 independent reviewers, with conflicting cases raising additional reviews. This procedure allowed ensuring a high-quality technical program with 8 oral presentation sessions devoted to (1) Designing Courses for Higher Order Thinking, (2) Role of Engineers and Engineering Education in Society, (3) Computers and Mobile Devices in Egineering Education, (4) Problem Solving and Creativity, (5) Using Online Tools to Facilitate Learning, (6) Mathematical Competences and Computacional Tools for Teaching Mathematics in Engineering, (7) Research Aspects in Engineering Education, and (8) Engineering Education Case Studies. The present Special Issue contains a selection of highly rated papers, from CISPEE2013, whose authors were asked to incorporate at least 30% of new / revised material, in relation to the version presented at the conference and included in its proceedings, indexed by IEEE Xplore [4]. We sincerely hope you appreciate reading this selection.

Renewable Energies in the Agricultural Sector: A Perspective Analysis of the Last Three Years

Renewable energy arises as a tool for the supply of energy to the agriculture sector. Currently, there is a growing concern for the environment. This circumstance has led to technological progress in energy use in relation to natural resources and their availability for all productive sectors, including agriculture. The main objective of this work is to perform analysis from a bibliometric point of view and to analyze scientific advances in renewable energy and agriculture worldwide that have occurred in the last three years (2019–2021). The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the last three years on the topic in order to contribute to the international scientific community, specifically towards collaboration between authors, institutions, and countries. A keyword analysis using community detection was applied to detect the five main clusters of this research and was largely dedicated to the following topics: renewable energy technologies in agriculture, bioenergy, sustainable agriculture, biomass energy, and the environmental impact of agriculture. The main countries found to be conducting research on renewable energy and agriculture include India, China, the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, Poland, Indonesia, Germany, the Russian Federation, and Spain; the most important institutions conducting research in this area include the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers at the National Research University in Uzbekistan, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the Grupo de Investigação em Engenharia e Computação Inteligente para a Inovação e o Desenvolvimento in Portugal. These results may contribute to the identification of new research needs and therefore to the development of future directions of research on renewable energies in the agricultural sector.

UTILIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA S@I COMO FERRAMENTA ADMINISTRATIVA NO USO DA ALOCAÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO DISTRITO DE IRRIGAÇÃO DO BAIXO ACARAÚ – DIBAU

1Especialista em Agricultura Irrigada e Meio Ambiente, instituto INOVAGRI, Fortaleza –CE, e-mail: joscelia@inovagri.org.br 2Mestrando em Agronomia –Solos e Nutricao de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceara-UFC, Fortaleza-CE, e-mail: edgleudo.coelho@gmail.com 3Prof. Doutor, Instituto Federal de Educacao Ciencia Tecnologia do Piaui, CEP 64280-000, Teresina, PI. Fone (86) 994776236. e-mail: kleiton.rocha@ifpi.edu.br 4Mestrando em Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal do Ceara – UFC, Fortaleza –CE, e-mail: joseaguiarjunior@gmail.com 5Especialista em Gestao Ambiental, Instituto INOVAGRI, Fortaleza-CE, e-mail: regina@inovagri.org.br 6Ph.D em Ciencia e Ingenieria Agraria, Instituto INOVAGRI, Fortaleza-CE, e-mail: debora@inovagri.org.br 469 Cruz et al. Irrigated agriculture is responsible for consuming more than 2/3 of all extracted water from rivers, lakes and aquifers in the world. The S@I Advisory system for irrigators is an adaptable software that is always in development due to the need for a perimeter and / or Basin. Given the current situation regarding the lack of water, a new module has been created in the system that allows redistribute water to each lot (water quota). The research was performed based on S@I system, which was executed at DIBAU located 220km from Fortaleza. So, lots were selected from different cultures, but with same area: C138/3 (coconut), C128/2 (banana), C28/1 (mango), C21/1 (papaya), and C133/2 (guava). Therefore, reports were generated in order to know the real year water demand of selected crops, according to the recommendation of the S@I, for each lot in 2013. Then it was made a simulation of the provided daily water quota for a given area in order to know whether this quota meets the water demand of selected crops. On the achieved results, it was found that cultures study requires a greater amount of water than the dimension allows, compromising the production of the same at DIBAU. S@I system has proved suitable as a decisionmaking tool to assist potential in management the management and allocation of water in an Irrigation District.

Mechanical properties of titanium-niobium alloy and morphological characterization of nanotubes obtained by anodizing technique

Event Abstract Back to Event Mechanical properties of titanium-niobium alloy and morphological characterization of nanotubes obtained by anodizing technique Aline Rossetto Da Luz1, Neide Kazue Kuromoto1, 2 and Carlos Maurício Lepienski1 1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência dos Materiais - PIPE, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Física, Brazil Introduction: Titanium and titanium alloys are the metals used to produce metallic biomaterials. The alloy frequently used for orthopedic prostheses is the Ti-6Al-4V. However, there has been toxic effects due to the release of aluminum and vanadium ions. There are studies being directed on developing new alloys, specifically the type β-Ti alloys containing Nb, Mo, Zr, Sn or Ta, which are considered non-toxic, corrosion resistant and have mechanical properties suitable for biomaterials[1]. Nanotubular surface modification of metallic implants by the anodizing technique can improve the biocompatibility when compared to conventional materials[2]. The purpose of this study was to determine the elastic modulus of the Ti-20Nb and obtain the growth of the nanotubes over the binary alloy by anodization technique. Materials and Methods: The precursor materials used were commercially pure titanium grade 2 (cp-Ti) with 99.7% purity and niobium (Nb) with 99.8% purity. For the fusion of elements it was used an arc-melting furnace with copper crucible water cooled, non-consumable tungsten electrode and an argon-controlled atmosphere. Titanium ingots with a weight percentage of 20 wt. (%) of Nb were obtained after melting process[3]. Disks with 9 mm of diameter and 2 mm of thickness were polished with a suspension of 0.05-mm colloidal SiO2. The samples were ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, isopropyl alcohol and deionized water, and dried at 40 °C for 24h. The microstructure of the chemically etched alloys was analyzed using optical microscope. The elastic modulus of the Ti-20Nb alloy were obtained by instrumented indentation by Oliver-Pharr method[4]. The nanotubes were obtained using anodic oxidation technique under potentiostatic mode in 0.5 M Na2SO4 + 0.1 wt.% HF electrolyte, using voltage of 20 V and anodizing time of 1.5 h, at room temperature. A platinum sheet was used as the counter-electrode. The morphology of the nanostructured surface was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Results and Discussion: Optical microscope analysis of the Ti-20Nb alloy showed a structure composed of α’/α” phases and the metastable β phase. Figure 1 shows the elastic modulus value of the Ti-20Nb alloy is of (103 ± 2) GPa at greater depth (~ 2560 nm), which is smaller than the value of cp-Ti that is 130 GPa. This decrease in the elastic modulus is due to the presence of the β phase and can reduce the effect of stress shielding between implant and bone tissue. Figure 2 shows the surface morphology of the anodized Ti-20Nb alloy, highly ordered titania nanotubes were produced. This morphology can improve osteoblasts adhesion ability and osseointegration compared to metal implants without surface treatment[2]. Conclusion: The adding niobium as β stabilizing element reduced significantly the elastic modulus, compared to cp-Ti. An ordered titania nanotube arrays successfully were obtained on the Ti-20Nb alloy, by anodization technique. We would like to thank the Center of Electron Microscopy - UFPR and the Labnano - UFPR for the facilities, and the CAPES for the financial support.

Processamento e Caracterização Fisico-Quimica de Farinhas de Resíduos de Polpas de Frutas Congeladas da Theobroma grandiflorum e Fragaria vesca

Brazilian agriculture has shown significant growth in recent decades, keeping the country in the world ranking as the third largest producer and exporter of tropical fruits. Also grows the marketing of products derived from fruits in the world, such as frozen fruit pulps, jellies, jams and other sweets, generating tons of waste are discarded inappropriately. The residues of these activities are impacting the environment, if not properly treated. It is of interest of some companies to leverage these residues for use in food, pharmaceutical and production of alternative foods. The strawberry and cupuacu are fruits with high nutritional potential and have attractive flavors. With this, the aim with this study the production of flour by dehydrating the waste cupuacu and strawberry, determine the yield, physicochemical characterization, the calorific content and moisture content, aiming at the use of flour as future alternative power. Protocolo 16 2014 45 de 19/04/2015 1 Nutricionista, mestre em Engenharia e Ciencias de Alimentos – Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, UESB, Av. Caetite, n° 3196, Ibirapuera, Vitoria da Conquista, BA. erllannya@hotmail.com. 2 Nutricionista pela Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciencias –FTC, Vitoria da Conquista, BA 3 Graduanda em Engenharia de alimentos – UESB, 4 Nutricionista, mestranda em Engenharia e Ciencias de Alimentos, 5 Prof. Dr. DCEN-UESB, Itapetinga/BA.

Desempenho hidráulico e perfil de distribuição de água de emissores tipo microaspersor multifuncional

1 Departamento de Engenharia Agricola Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D Manoel Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmaos, Recife/PE. E-mail: mjmguimaraes@hotmail.com/hresoares@hotmail.com 2 Colegiado de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco, Campus Juazeiro, Avenida Antonio Carlos Magalhaes, 510 Santo Antonio, Juazeiro-BA. Email: prfmede@hotmail.com 3 Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D Manoel Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmaos, Recife/PE. Email: enio.silva@deagri.ufrpe.br 384 Guimaraes et al. Rev. Bras. Agric. Irr. v. 9, no.6, Fortaleza, p.383391 , Nov Dez, 2015 This study aimed to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics and uniformity of water distribution from the uniformity coefficients (CUC, CUE and CUD) of emitters microsprinkler type multifunctional. The tests were carried out in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Technology UFRPE. It were evaluated microsprinkler MFN with black ballerina and nozzles with colors graphite (ǿ = 0.80 mm) and orange (ǿ = 1.80 mm). For the determination the flow rate, each emitter was subjected to pressures of 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50 kPa. Flow rates were collected a period of six minutes (10% of average flow) and measured using a precision balance. To evaluate the distribution collectors were used with area 50 cm, arranged in rows of four quadrants spaced 0.3 m. The coefficient of manufacturing average variation for the nozzle of colors graphite and orange were 1.66% and 5.07%, respectively, classified as good uniformity, according to ABNT. As for the flow, it was verified that tests showed a small tendency to overestimate, around 8.02% on average. Despite all configurations tested overlays have presented good results of CUC, CUE and CUD, only the graphite nozzle obtained results with diameter next to that provided by the manufacturer.

THE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IGDROID TOOL

THE IRRIGATION SCHEDULING IGDROID TOOL DIOGO FRANSCISCO BORBA RODRIGUES¹ E CERES DUARTE GUEDES CABRAL DE ALMEIDA² 1 Doutorando, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, diogo.borbar@gmail.com 2 Engenheira Agronoma, Profa Doutora, Colegio Agricola Dom Agostinho Ikas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, ceres@codai.ufrpe.br 1 ABSTRACT The speed of information processing of data collected in fields can be a deciding factor in the efficiency of an irrigation system, responding appropriately to crops' water requirements. The objective of this paper was to describe a new tool for irrigation scheduling, called IGdroid. This tool is a mobile phone application for use by farmers who use irrigation and have some climate monitoring equipment, such as rain gauges and evaporation pans, providing irrigation advice in areas based on inputs and outputs data without internet connection. The development process and the main functions of the application are described in this paper. The software is inserted in the farmer's mobile phone to schedule everyday irrigation. Soil properties, irrigation system and crop data must be inserted in the database, so the farmer can insert climatological data in her/his mobile phone on a daily basis. The application can record multiple irrigated areas with different crops, soil types and irrigation systems, and reports irrigation requirements daily. If the farmer needs to irrigate, the app informs her/him of the water depth (mm) and how long to run the system (in hours) in each area. This app also allows simulation of irrigation scenarios in agricultural planning. Keywords: irrigated agriculture, Android, App Inventor

Relações hipsométricas em floresta estacional semidecidual

The hypsometric relation is important to obtain the elevation, supporting the quantification of wood volume and the knowledge of vertical structure in native forests. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance in the adjustment of hypsometric relations in the Rosal forest, in the municipality of Guacui, Espirito Santo state, after stratifying the data by species, parcel, and diameter class, using eight hypsometric models, which were selected based on the adjusted coefficient of determination R adjust , relative standard error (S yx %), and residual analysis. The F test proposed by Graybill was used to verify identity between the forms of adjustment. For adjustment without stratification, we selected the Trorey model with R adjust of 0.76 and S yx % of 21.23. Considering the adjustments carried out jointly in each stratification, the generated statistics were more accurate in relation to the general adjustment, highlighting the stratification by species, which provided values of R2 adjust of 0.82 and S yx % of 18.26. However, according to the F test by Graybill, the estimates of total height for the forms of stratification did not differ from those obtained for elevation without use of stratification. Relacoes hipsometricas em floresta estacional semidecidual Hypsometric relations in semideciduous seasonal forest Rafaella De Angeli Curto1* Gabrielle Hambrecht Loureiro11 Romulo Mora2 Rodrigo Otavio Veiga de Miranda11 Sylvio Pellico Netto11 Gilson Fernandes da Silva33 1Universidade Federal do Parana – UFPR, Setor de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Ciencias Florestais e da Madeira, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Engenharia Florestal, Av. Prefeito Lothario Meissner, 900, Jardim Botânico, Campus III, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brasil 22Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso – UFMT, Faculdade de Engenharia Florestal, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperanca, 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brasil 33Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo – UFES, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Departamento de Ciencias Florestais e da Madeira, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, 29550-000, Jeronimo Monteiro, ES, Brasil Autor Correspondente: *E-mail do: rafaellacurto@yahoo.com.br PALAVRAS-CHAVE Floresta inequiânea Modelo de Naslund Teste F de Graybill

Doenças e/ou Disfunções Ocupacionais no Meio Docente: Uma Revisão de Literatura

Dentre as atividades ocupacionais, a docência é uma atividade remunerada que apresenta uma série de conteúdos cognitivos, efetivos e instrumentais, que interferem na qualidade de vida/saúde. O trabalho docente muitas vezes é caracterizado pela baixa remuneração, inadequação estrutural das instituições e carga horária elevada, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de muitas doenças ou disfunções ocupacionais.

Evaluation of environmental impacts in the application of pesticides

The intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides, depending on management and rainfall, can lead to a serious problem with regard to pollution of surface water, groundwater, the environment as a whole and also health hazards. The spray nozzles are considered a major constituent of the pesticide delivery system since from their choice may perform an evaluation of the efficiency and the risk of drift of each 1 Graduanda em Engenharia Ambiental; Bolsista do PIBIC; Estagiaria do Laboratorio de Saneamento da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, UFT, Campus Universitario de Palmas; Endereco: Avenida Ns 15 ALCNO 14 – 109 Norte, s/n, Centro, CEP: 77001-090, Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil; E-mail: marina_ferreira7@

Application of environmental evaluation methods as a management tool for urban lagoon systems

Urban lagoon systems have undergone change in their physical, ecological and environmental issues. Anthropic pressure and lack of planning in the deployment of public services, specifically in regard to water supply and sanitation are observed. It is also noticed that urban lagoon systems have been a frequent target location for effluent discharge and illegal connections. It is necessary to build a management model that allows for the development of proposals aimed at mitigation of environmental impacts * Advogado, Mestre em Engenharia Ambiental pelo Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Fluminense, IF Fluminense, Brasil. Doutorando em Engenharia Civil pelo COPPE/UFRJ. E-mail: frankpavan@gmail.com. 54 Frank Pavan de Souza Boletim do Observatorio Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, v. 4, n. 2, p. 53-73, jul. / dez. 2010 caused by human action. The main objective of this work is to present environmental evaluation methods that can be used in a model of adaptive management for urban lagoons. To initiate the investigations, a comparative study was carried out which enabled the identification of methods that can be applied to evaluate aspects of the water body and its surroundings. It was concluded that environmental evaluation methods can support Governmental agencies, once costs and benefits can be estimated by analyzing demand and availability of natural resources, particularly water resources.

Comparison of aluminum coatings deposited by flame spray and by electric arc spray

Aluminum coatings are widely used as a protection against corrosion on steels substrates. Among the various deposition processes, thermal spray has proved to be a process that is easy to use and offers a long-lasting alternative in maintenance operations. Recent studies [Rodriguez, R.M.H.P. Formação de óxidos nos revestimentos de alumínio depositados por aspersão térmica. Curitiba-PR: ST, UFPR, 2003. Tese (Doutorado) -- Programa Interdisciplinar de Pós -- Graduação em Engenharia -- PIPE, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2003. 118p; Paredes, R.S.C. Estudo de revestimentos de alumínio depositados por três processos de aspersão térmica para a proteção do aço contra a corrosão marinha. Florianópolis-SC:ST, UFSC, 1998. Tese (Doutorado) - Departameto de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 1998. 245p] demonstrated that the source and the gas used for aluminum spraying generate dissimilar corrosion protection behaviors. This paper purports to contribute toward a better understanding of the differences between the flame spray (FS) and electric arc (EA) processes. Initially, the coatings were analyzed by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), which revealed differences resulting from the deposition processes. To deepen the investigation into the differences relating to the heat source utilized, the coatings were subjected to a 4000-hour saline mist assay. The corrosion products formed on the surface of the coatings were evaluated based on photographic records, SEM, and X-ray diffraction. The XPS analysis of the aluminum coatings revealed that the aluminum oxide/hydroxide layer persisted at a greater depth in the coating deposited by EA than in that deposited by FS. This difference may also indicate the formation of different aluminum compounds. An analysis of the coatings subjected to the saline mist assay revealed clear differences in the corrosion products formed, which were strongly adherent in the FS coating and only slight adherent in the EA coating, leading to loss in thickness. X-ray diffraction revealed that the principal phase was bayerite in the FS process and boehmite in the coating deposited by EA. It should be noted that the heat source and the deposition material are determining factors in the protection process. In the period during which the coatings of this study were subjected to saline mist, both the FS and EA deposition methods provided satisfactory barrier protection.

Wetlands para tratamento de lixiviados de aterros sanitários: experiências no aterro sanitário de Piraí e no aterro metropolitano de Gramacho (RJ)

O Grupo de Resíduos Sólidos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental (PEAMB/UERJ) vem realizando, há cinco anos, pesquisas utilizando wetlands construídos em tratamento de lixiviados de aterros sanitários. Esses sistemas promovem a absorção de nutrientes pelas plantas e facilitam a degradação de material orgânico por microrganismos do solo e aderidos às raízes. Experiências desenvolvidas no Aterro Sanitário de Piraí mostram remoções, em termos de concentração de poluentes, de 41% de DQO e 51% de nitrogênio amoniacal. Os resultados obtidos no Aterro Metropolitano de Gramacho apresentam redução, em termos de carga de poluição, de 86% de DQO e 89% de nitrogênio amoniacal. Os sistemas implantados mostram-se boas alternativas no tratamento de lixiviados, sobretudo em regiões de clima tropical, onde as elevadas temperaturas potencializam a evapotranspiração.