Elliptical Sentence Research Articles

Exploring Constituent Structure through Elliptical Sentences in the Witches Novel by Roald Dahl

The phenomenon of elliptical sentence in the communication is an effective way to avoid the redundance, highlight the important information, and make a concise and clear context. The process of deleting the sentence constituent is observed through the theory that proposed by Kiss and Alexiadou (2015). This research investigates the elliptical phenomenon found in a novel entitled The Witches written by Roald Dahl that originally published in 1983 with 208 total pages. The total data that found in this research is 130 data out of all types consist of 12 data (9%) of VP-ellipsis, 9 data (7%) of sluicing, 35 data (27%) of NP-ellipsis, 34 data (26%) of fragment answer, 8 data (6%) of stripping, 2 data (2%) of gapping, 5 data (4%) of pseudogapping, 10 data (8%) of modal complement ellipsis, and 15 data (11%) of null complement anaphora. The highest occurrence in this study is NP-ellipsis with 27% out of 130 total data. Because there are a lot of sentences that specifically omitted in the noun phrase constituent.

Ellipsis, contradiction and voice mismatch

Previous research has attributed differences in the acceptability of verb phrase ellipsis (VPE) with voice mismatches to processing effects (Arregui et al. 2006, Grant et al. 2012). This paper argues that they can instead be accounted for in terms of a standard, focus-based condition on ellipsis (Rooth 1992a,b), supplemented with the principle that accommodated antecedents cannot contradict an elliptical sentence. This perspective is compatible with voice mismatched VPE being fundamentally grammatical (Merchant 2013, cf. Hardt 1993) rather than ungrammatical (e.g. Kim & Runner 2018). It also encompasses other focus-based factors modulating voice mismatches, which in turn reveal that implicit arguments do not count for contrast in VPE (cf. Overfelt to appear). The account here aligns with a reappraisal of the ‘mismatch asymmetry’ (Arregui et al. 2006) as being driven by a penalty against passive ellipsis in subject focus environments (Poppels & Kehler 2019).

Hanging Topic Left Dislocations as extrasentential constituents: toward a paratactic account. Evidence from English and Spanish

Abstract The paper argues for a bisentential, paratactic account of Hanging Topic Left Dislocations wherein the syntactically unconnected hanging topic phrase is the remnant of an elliptical copulative sentence which is linearly juxtaposed to the second, host sentence. This proposal represents a natural extension of Ott’s system for Clitic Left Dislocations and predicative non-restrictive nominal appositives. By assuming that the hanging topic is structurally disconnected from the host sentence, the analysis constitutes a radical departure from integrated/monosentential approaches within cartography, which analyze hanging topics as intrasentential, albeit peripheral, constituents in the left spine of the clause. Using data from English and Spanish as well as from other linguistic varieties, the paratactic approach provides a principled account of various issues facing monosentential analyses of hanging topics, including anti-connectivity, coreference with the resumptive/epithetic correlate, comma intonation/pause potential, case, insensitivity to locality constraints, islandhood, and potential presence of interjections between hanging topic and host sentence, amongst others. The account is also successful in capturing orphaned topics, which are not linked to any constituent in the sentence they occur with, alongside ‘interrogative’ and hyperdetached hanging topics.

Minor Sentences in Selected Disney Children's Stories

This study is intended to investigate the use of minor sentences in Disney children’s stories. These sentences do not follow the regular clause structure patterns or the variants of those structures. Minor sentences are of two types: irregular sentences (henceforth IrrSs) and nonsentences (henceforth NonSs). The study aims at (i) investigating the most frequent subtypes of IrrSs and NonSs in Disney stories, and (ii) identifying the most frequent type of minor sentences in Disney children’s stories. Fulfilling the above aims, the study hypothesizes that independent phrase is the most frequent subtype of NonSs, while elliptical sentence in dialogue is the most frequent subtype of IrrSs. The study examines the use of IrrSs and NonSs in fifteen Disney children’s stories. The data are analyzed according to Quirk et al.'s (1985) model. The results show that IrrS appears (293) times while NonS occurs (711) times, with percentages of (29.18%) and (70.81%) respectively. It is found also that elliptical sentences in dialogue is the most frequent subtype of IrrSs with a frequency rate amounting to (126, 43%) and independent phrases is the most frequent subtype of NonSs that occurs (302) times with a percentage of (42.47%). The study concludes that NonS is the most frequent type of minor sentence. It is also concluded that elliptical sentences in dialogue and independent phrases are the most frequent subtypes of IrrSs and NonSs respectively.

Recomplementation as a paratactic phenomenon: Evidence from Spanish and English

We provide a variety of empirical arguments in favor of a paratactic account of recomplementation constructions, in which a left-dislocated element appears in between two complementizers. Contrary to integrated analyses assuming Complementizer Phrase (CP) recursion or Rizzi’s split periphery, we assume that the dislocated phrase is structurally independent from the embedded clause it precedes, which in turn is an elliptical sentence fragment. The juxtaposed fragmentary sentences are linked by the doubled complementizer, which serves to overtly flag a ‘restart’ in discourse. We show that this account makes a range of welcome predictions while sidestepping non-trivial problems that arise for integrated/cartographic analyses, which assume that dislocated XPs are in left-peripheral positions (such as Spec-TopicP) and that the doubled complementizer spells out Topic0. A further advantage of the approach is that it provides a handle on recomplementation constructions beyond the core cases involving left-dislocation, which reduce to a mere subcase of the general phenomenon of elliptical ‘restarts’ in discourse.

Elliptical Sentence In Open File A Cliff Hardy Novel by Peter Corris

Ellipsis is a branch of syntax that study about elimination word to avoid repetition word in the sentence. This study concern to find out the types of elliptical sentence and analyze the constituent structure of sentence in the novel by Peter Corris in title Open File A Cliff Hardy. This study applied the theory proposed by Quirk and Greenbaum (1973) to find out the types of elliptical sentence and the theory from Brown and Miller (1991) to analyze the constituent structure of sentence. The data were collected by documentation method and analyzed descriptively by qualitative method. The finding shows that there are five types of elliptical sentence which the most dominant is ellipsis of subject (and auxiliary)

Sustantivos e interrogativas encubiertas en español

Since Baker (1968) suggested the term concealed question —which, following Autor (forthcoming), we translate as “interrogativa encubierta”— to refer to a DP that complements a verb and can be paraphrased by an indirect question (Preguntó el precio/Preguntó cuál era el precio), one of the most debated issues in the literature on languages other than Spanish has been, beside the concept of concealed question itself, what nouns can appear in this type of constructions. However, this issue has practically gone unnoticed in the descriptive grammar of Spanish. This article aims to deal with the ensuing shortcomings of Spanish grammar as well as to review the proposals that fall outside the context of Hispanic linguistics. Most importantly, on the assumption that concealed questions are predicate complements that are remaining elements of an elliptical specificational copular sentence within an indirect question, it will be shown that the type of noun, though irrelevant for the licensing of this kind of structure, plays an important role in its interpretation.

On the structure of simple elliptical sentence

This article is dedicated to examination of the component structure of simple elliptical sentence. The author reviews the key theoretical positions pertaining to the structure of these units. A hypothesis is advanced on revelation of the formula of simple elliptical sentence, which consists in idea of three-component nature of these structures with different literal manifestation of the constituent elements of a sentence. The concept of “three-component nature” of elliptical construct suggest the presence of three components, some of which continue to “act while absent”: subject, elliptical verb component, and distributor of verb component. Simple elliptical sentences from the novel by M. A. Sholokhov “And Quiet Flows the Don” served as the material for this research. The following conclusions were made: simple elliptical sentence is a construct with all attributes of a full sentence from the perspective of semantics, as well as structure; their peculiarity consists in elimination of the predicate, which is also one of the structural components of the syntactic under review; structural formula of any elliptical sentence consists in the presence of three components, which can be literary manifested or the other way around. This research contributes to elucidation of the phenomenon of simple elliptical sentences as sentences with more semantic saturation than the construction with verbalized predicate, as well as to more profound research on Sholokhov’s syntax.

Використання антонімічного перекладу при передачі фразеологічних одиниць з англійської мови на українську

The article considers phraseological units and antonymic translation as one of the most effective methods of transmission of lexical units. Antonymic translation is shown to be an independent type of translation. Antonymic translation is defined as a translation mode whereby an affirmative (positive) element in the ST is translated by a negative element in the TT and, vice versa, a negative element in the ST is translated using an affirmative element in the TT, without changing the meaning of the original sentence. It is not a word-for-word translation, but a transformation when the translator selects an antonym and combines it with a negation element. Antonymic translation as such can be understood in broader and narrower terms, i.e. it may cover instances of a simple substitution of an element in the ST by its antonymic counterpart (negative or positive) in translation; positive / negative recasting, a translation procedure where the translator modifies the order of the units in the ST in order to conform to the syntactic or idiomatic constraints of the TT; and narrowing of the scope of negation whereby the original negative sentence is turned into an affirmative one in translation by moving the negation element to a word phrase or an elliptical sentence. The term antonymic translation covers all these three types. Generally, antonymic translation consists not only in the transformation of negative constructions to affirmative or vice versa: an original phraseological unit can be substituted for other expressions with the opposite meaning in a target language or an occasional antonym. The usage of antonymic translation as one of the methods of contextual replacement has been investigated. The main types of this lexical and grammatical transformation are systematized. The attention is focused on the reasons for using antonymic translation.

Ellipsis in Contemporary Linguistics and its features of economy and correlation

The article is dedicated to directions of elliptical utterances, which appear to be a legitimate oc￾currence in texts (dialogues) in comparable languages. The choice of the subject of the article is due to the fact that the approach to language facts within the traditional linguistic framework does not provide sufficient information to adequately explain the peculiarities and features of the objective reality repre￾sented by the elliptical sentences. This, on the one hand, is a clear indication of the regularity of the use of ellipsis in the communication process, not only its normativeness, but also the legitimacy and purpose of the use of that means, on the other hand, the ellipsis, which is a means of essence link between the dialectical components as a whole, is the means by which it strengthens the essence link between the utterances and stimulates the continuation of the textual dialogue.The linguistic definition of the cognitive mechanisms that allow the coordination of language and conceptual views of the world in the process of defining strategies for interpreting information in ellipti￾cal utterances has not been fully resolved.The author of the article emphasizes like the language (colloquial – F.G.) phenomenon, has repeat￾edly been the subject of linguistic research and discussion. For example, ellipsis is a case of rhetoric or grammar, the matters such as whether it is necessary to identify incomplete and elliptical sentences, whether the sentences with the main parts of sentence but with missed secondary parts can be consid￾ered to be the elliptical sentence, have always been the subject of discussion. However, there is still no consensus among linguists on these issues, and these points can be regarded as actuality of the article.The aim of the article is to investigate the functional-cognitive features of ellipsis in texts and dis￾courses on the basis of English, Azerbaijani and Spanish samples, and to identify linguistic and extra linguistic factors that lead to this result.

Граматичні особливості ідеостилю Лесі Українки: функції локатива у драмі-феєрії «Лісова пісня»

The article deals with the analysis of the grammatical features of Lesya Ukrainka’s individual style. In the focus is the identification of the locative functions in the fairy-drama “The Forest Song”. Locative is defined as a component of the semantic-syntactic structure of a sentence, dependent on a verbal predicate that expresses varieties of spatial meaning. The article argues the notion of syntactic dependency applicability in the analysis of a sentence structure. The study has revealed that the predicates expressing the locative dependency have the correlated semantics in sentence constructions. In the semantic-syntactic structure of sentence constructions, predicates of static semantics, predicates of process, and predicates of action determine the locative’s components. The author lays emphasis on the semantic meanings of the locative's components. They are dependent on the predicates of static semantics, predicates of process, and predicates of action. In the sentence structures of the fairy-drama The Forest Song, most locatives' components express static location, the starting point of movement, a path of movement, and the destination point. The semantic special features of syntactic units represent Lesya Ukrainka’s holistic worldview, indicate her individual style. The locative reflects the world around represented in spatial nominations. The explicit locative component has been recorded in the sentence constructions with predicates of static semantics as well as there are elliptical sentences with the implicit predicate of static semantics. The predicates of process and action predetermine explicit and implicit locative components. It was found that the locative is mainly represented by prepositional case forms. It turns out that the distinctive feature of all sentences with locative components is presence of prepositions as markers of locative dependency. The locative components are presented in two-member and one-member sentences, in elliptical and imperative sentence constructions.

ELLIPSIS TYPES IN STEPHENIE MEYER’S “THE SHORT SECOND LIFE OF BREE TANNER” USING A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS

Ellipsis is an omitting part of the sentence that may occur in the English novel. Some authors write a novel tend to use ellipsis in their work. Learners who read English novel are likely to find the author’s writing style which study is aimed to explain the types of the elliptical sentence used by the author in the novel The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner. This research applied a qualitative method and employed a source of data from Stephenie Meyer’s Novel and some references to support this study. A further technique of analyzing data in this research is always linked to the theory and methods based on Syntactic Analysis. Subsequently, this research uses the syntactic analysis form, Noam Chomsky. As a result, the researcher found that there are three types of elliptical sentence occurred in the novel. The types of elliptical sentence are a nominal ellipsis, verbal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis. Therefore, based on the research findings, the researcher concludes that the types of ellipsis the author used in her novel based on the evidence are verbal ellipsis, nominal ellipsis, and clausal ellipsis. As a suggestion, it is essential to learn light on the readers or writers’ ability to employ ellipsis types in their work as it is necessary in more economizing and conceiving sentence.

花園莊東地甲骨文의 變異句型 考察

花園莊東地甲骨文의 變異句型 考察

In Turkish: Sentence Structure and Possible Sentences According to the Sequence of Elements

This study aims to investigate the structure according to the order of the elements in the Turkish sentence and to determine the possible sentences that are produced according to this structure. In order to examine the possible sentences, the question raised is: “How many possible canonical clauses (regular), inverted sentences (irregular) and elliptical (incomplete) sentences in Turkish can be created?” There are 24 possible sentences in canonical structure in which the position of the verb is fixed and other elements change positions. Inverted sentences are grouped under four groups: hence, there are 96 sentences. Elliptical sentence is formed with the reduction of one or more elements from the sentence and there are 205 possible sentences in elliptical sentence structure. No structural changes or affixes occur in the words that form the sentence. The same words are used in the same structure. As a conclusion, it is found out that the total number of possible canonical and inverted sentences are 24+24+24+24+24=120 and the number of elliptical sentences are 5+20+60+120=205. This indicates that we can form (24+96+205=325) 325 possible sentences in Turkish.

Connectivity in left-dislocation and the composition of the left periphery

This paper proposes a crosslinguistically uniform analysis of Left-dislocation constructions, according to which left-dislocated XPs are elliptical sentence fragments surfacing in linear juxtaposition to their host clause. The analysis is shown to provide a principled solution toCinque’s Paradox: dislocated XPs are extra-sentential constituents akin to parentheticals while behaving in certain respects as having moved to their surface position from within the host clause, in apparent violation of the boundaries of “sentence grammar” as typically defined. The solution in terms of deletion and endorphoric linkage undermines templatic analyses of the ‘cartographic’ tradition, showing that in at least some cases the “sentential periphery” reflects not syntactic composition but juxtaposition in discourse.

A Trauma-Theoretical Reading of Hugues C. Pernath's War Poetry

Summary Dominick LaCapra has pointed out that from a trauma-theoretical perspective definitions which are too generally formulated lead to an unstable distinction between victim and commentator. According to LaCapra, the idea that “contemporary culture, or even all history, is essentially traumatic or that everyone in the post-Holocaust context is a survivor” is dubious (LaCapra 2001: x-xii). If LaCapra's findings are interpreted in a narrow sense, only Holocaust victims meet the criteria for traumatic experience. The aim of this article, which focuses on the poetry of the canonical Flemish poet, Hugues C. Pernath (1931-1975), is to establish a pertinent definition that will justify the inclusion of literary projects by certain post-war poets within trauma-theoretical discourse. Pernath was so moved by visiting Auschwitz and living with a Jewish survivor that his notions about humanity were fundamentally shaken. This rupture in his world view, which is also reflected in his poetry, can thus be called traumatic. However, Pernath's poetry has never before been examined within this conceptual framework. Through the analysis of selected texts, this paper attempts to show how a writer who has not directly suffered the scarring consequences of war may nonetheless bear testimony to such a traumatic experience. The article argues that the specific idiom of the poet, with its interrupted syntax, elliptical sentence structures, semantic ambivalences, and various hitches in the text, as well as the handling of silences, reveals his central concern with problematising conventional communication in the face of trauma.

The Syntactic Integration of Appositives: Evidence from Fragments and Ellipsis

The goal of this squib is to explain an intriguing data set involving appositives and fragment answers, thereby providing support for the idea that appositives, and by extension parentheses more generally, are related to the host clause in syntax, via parenthetical coordination.

Ellipsis: computation of.

A computational account of ellipsis should specify not only how the meaning of an elliptical sentence is computed in context but also a description of what is being computed. Many proposals can be divided into two groups, as per whether they compute the meaning of an elliptical sentence based on the semantic or the syntactic parts of its context. A unifying theme of these proposals is that they are all based on the idea that the meaning of an elliptical sentence is determinable based on a structured representation which is transformationally related to its surface syntactic structure. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:411-418. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1168 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

REPRESENTASI WACANA GENDER DALAM UNGKAPAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

The result depicts that based on intra-linguistic analysis, English, and Indonesian idioms which contain gender discourse are in the forms of noun, phrases, Sub-clause, Simple sentence, Elliptical sentence, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex sentences. Based on the meaning and reference analysis, it is known that such idioms have various meanings: strength and weaknesses, success, marriage, sexuality, negative things, and wisdom. Besides, seen from the doer, the idioms can refer to men, women, and men and/or women. Based on CriticalDiscourse Analysis (CDA), such idioms can be analyzed based on the aspects of action, context, history, power, ideology and representation, which, then, are known that: (a) men are assumed as representative in various affairs and things (esp. in success and goodness); (b) men are active in marriage and sexuality; (c) women take more part in domestic domain; (d) women become negative metaphor; and (e) there is unequal relationship between womenand men.

Anmerkungen zur (Un-)Integriertheit von Konditionalsätzen mit Verberststellung

Abstract Recently, it has been argued that verb-first (V1) conditionals are not, as traditionally assumed, integrated into their matrix clauses, but (quasi-)paratactically adjoined to their host clause (Axel & Wöllstein, German verb-first conditionals as unintegrated clauses. A case study in converging synchronic and diachronic evidence, Mouton de Gruyter, 2009 and Reis & Wöllstein, Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 29: 111–179, 2010). As a consequence, the host clause of a left-peripheral V1-conditional clause is considered to be either a V1-declarative sentence or an elliptical V2-declarative sentence. The authors argue with semantic and syntactic properties of V1-clauses and also present diachronic evidence for their views. It is the aim of this paper to take a close look at their arguments in order to show that some do not withstand close scrutiny and that some of the facts presented are at least compatible with other interpretations.