Elliptic Curve Cryptography Technique Research Articles

An Algorithm to Increase the Attached Complexity and Time Consumption for Iot Healthcare Applications Based on the Truncated Quantum Hashed Method

Internet of Things (IoT) implementations have been used in numerous healthcare domains. The majority of smart devices are connected, including the automatic environment in which such systems operate. Security and privacy have emerged as major challenges for IoT management. Recently published research has revealed the effectiveness of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) techniques are very useful for undertaking security research and evaluation of IoT applications and have numerous advantages over further techniques. The objective of this research paper is to suggest options for where to improve the encryption system in the ECC technique, with numerous optimization techniques to prepare the best enhancement of the light-weight algorithm. Our primary focus is on enhancing the Truncated Quantum Hashed Signature (TQHS) methods to increase the complexity of the adaptation and reduce the time utilization of the ECC encryption model. A hybrid data encryption architecture model integrating an ECC model with a TQHS-based architecture design to develop a lightweight encryption technology and the proposed Truncated Quantum Hashed Signature method integrates a random Hashed Signature methodology with a key generation model to improve security complexity. Second, from the standpoint of IoT security systems, Comparison and estimation of memory consumption and time complexity analyses to increase privacy and security. Lastly, we enhance the encryption system parameters in the ECC method. In the proposed work, we present a novel model of random key formation for the ECC to improve the model as a lightweight architecture.

Trust aware clustering based secure routing techniques in wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Networks are becoming increasingly popular in everyday life since they offer a variety of network structures for developing cutting-edge real-time applications. Wireless sensor devices have high energy consumption limitations, so it is necessary to handle excessive energy consumption by malicious nodes properly to improve network performance. Even though numerous studies have been conducted to increase the dependability of routing in WSNs, the existing routing strategies do not meet the required security constraints by using intelligent methods to protect the sensor nodes from malicious attack. To overcome this challenge a novel Trust Aware Clustering based Secure Routing Techniques (TAC-SRT) has been proposed to minimize the overall energy consumption, improved security to nodes and to maximize the network lifetime. The proposed method is carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the cluster head is selected by using K mean clustering. In the second phase, the trust value of each node is evaluated by using Mamdani fuzzy inference rule. In the third phase, the Tversky similarity index is used to find the normal or malicious node and establishes the shortest route. The Fully Homomorphic Elliptic Curve Cryptography technique is then used to perform secure data transmission. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is examined using several parameters, such as the lifetime of the network, data confidentiality, active nodes, and energy consumption. The proposed technique improves the network lifetime by 23.01%, 17.4%, and 13.2% better than MOSFA, SecDL, and CAR-MOSOA respectively. Finally, the proposed method demonstrated superior performance in terms of delay, throughput, encryption time, network lifetime, and packet delivery ratio compared with existing techniques.

Triple Encryption of Images based on RC4, Zigzag, and Elliptic Curve Algorithms for Enhanced Security

The security of digital images is of paramount importance in today's digital world. Encryption is a technique used to secure digital images from unauthorized access. The encryption technique transforms the original image into a scrambled form, which is unreadable to anyone without the proper decryption key. Several encryption techniques have been proposed to secure digital images, including DES, AES, RSA, and ECC. These methods, however, are susceptible to side-channel and brute-force attacks. Hence, new encryption methods that offer more security are required. The new multi-encryption algorithm for secure digital image encryption is presented in this research. The suggested approach combines the RC4, Zigzag transformation, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithms to increase the security of picture encryption. Data is encrypted using the RC4 stream cipher, image data is scrambled using the Zigzag method, and the key used in the transformation is encrypted using the ECC technique. The proposed algorithm was tested using several standard metrics, and the results show that it outperforms existing encryption techniques in terms of security.

Data transmission using secure hybrid techniques for smart energy metering devices

Data transfer between components, continuous device monitoring, and other features are possible with an IoT-based energy management system. Due to its lightweight, compact, and expandable characteristics, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol (MQTT) has recently played an important role in IoT. Since the MQTT protocol cannot provide security between the publishing house and the subscription service, cryptographic techniques can be enforced. This work implements a public-key encryption system-based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) technique to secure data from Publisher's end to the Subscriber's end. The data from the Raspberry plane is sent to the MQTT publisher with elliptical curve encryption built-in feature. The message/text is converted into cipher text and conveyed through the topic within the MQTT protocol to the subscribed Broker. The subscriber decrypts the cipher text using the elliptical curve cryptography technique with the secret key. This protects data, personal privacy, and safety in a more efficient and convenient way. ECC and MQTT protocols implemented in this work proved to be worthy for both burst mode and continuous data transmissions when compared to the conventional cryptographic techniques.

An optimal elliptic curve cryptography based encryption algorithm for blockchain-enabled medical image transmission

In recent times, a number of Internet of Things (IoT) related healthcare applications have been deployed for automating healthcare services and offering easy accessibility to patients. Several issues like security, fault-tolerant, and reliability have restricted the utilization of IoT services in real-time healthcare environments. To achieve security, blockchain technology can be utilized which offers effective interoperability of healthcare databases, ease of medical data access, device tracking, prescription database, hospital assets, etc. Therefore, this paper presents an optimal Elliptic curve cryptography-based encryption algorithm for a blockchain-enabled medical image transmission model, named OECC-BMIT. The presented OECC-BMIT model involves different stages of operations such as encryption, optimal key generation, blockchain-enabled data transmission, and decryption. Firstly, the OECC-BMIT model performs Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based encryption technique to securely transmit the medical images. In order to generate the optimal set of keys for the ECC technique, modified bat optimization (MBO) algorithm is applied. Then, the encrypted images undergo secure transmission via blockchain technology. The encrypted images are decrypted on the recipient side and the original medical image is reconstructed effectively. Extensive sets of experimentations were performed to highlight the goodness of the OECC-BMIT algorithm and the obtained results pointed out the improved outcome over the state of art methods in terms of different measures.

Leveraging IoT and Fog Computing in Healthcare Systems

Internet of things (IoT) is playing a pivotal role in bringing comfort and ease in human lives by connecting billions of devices across the globe. Innovation and development in IoT have established new ways to analyze patient data in healthcare systems. Currently, IoT and cloud-based solutions are available to process and analyze patient data, but cloud computing causes large end-to-end delay and network usage problems while processing huge amounts of data. Efficiency and security are still a challenge in IoT-based healthcare systems. Fog computing is introduced to overcome the issues of cloud computing by providing computing and storage services at the edge of the network. In this article, first we present a fog based efficient architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems. Then we present the user authentication method through identity management to prevent security breaches. The fog based architecture for healthcare includes the idea of a virtual machine (VM) partitioning in fog node to smoothly run the body sensor network and medical IoT devices data. The Elliptic Curve Cryptography technique is used to generate the output token for the user authentication method.

An Efficient Location Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

In cognitive radio networks, cooperative spectrum sensing can improve the performance of spectrum utilization and accuracy of spectrum result. However, it suffers from security and privacy threats. Firstly, secondary users' sensing reports that have to be sent to the fusion center are heavily correlated to their locations, thereby leading to the leakage of locations of secondary users in the process of reports transmission and aggregation. Moreover, malicious secondary users are likely to submit fake sensing reports or alter sensing reports of other secondary users, which finally result in a wrong aggregated result. To address these questions, we propose an efficient location privacy-preserving authentication scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing. To be specific, our scheme incorporates a reputation mechanism and enables reliable secondary users to participate in cooperative spectrum sensing. Selected users with pseudo IDs instead of real identities send encrypted sensing reports to the fusion center. This can eliminate the correlation between sensing reports and secondary users and prevent the fusion center from associating sensing reports with secondary users' real identities while decrypting and aggregating reports, thereby protecting the location privacy of secondary users. Besides, to ensure a true aggregated result, we utilize elliptic curve cryptography technique to verify the legitimacy of sensing reports when the fusion center receives them. Theoretical analyses show that the proposed scheme protects the location privacy of secondary users. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme brings less overhead than previous schemes.

Privacy-preserving aggregation for cooperative spectrum sensing

Cognitive radio technology has been proposed as a promising way to alleviate spectrum scarcity. In cognitive radio networks, cooperative spectrum sensing is an effective approach to improve spectrum-estimation accuracy. In this approach, a fusion center (FC) outsources sensing tasks to secondary users (SUs), and aggregates sensing reports provided by SUs to estimate spectrum availability. However, as sensing reports are highly correlated to SUs’ real locations, revealing sensing reports to an untrusted FC may incur a serious privacy threat for SUs. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme that allows the FC to learn desired statistics from a group of SUs without compromising individual privacy. Moreover, the FC is still able to compute the sum over the remaining SUs when some SUs fail to submit their reports. Besides, to ensure secure communication in cooperative spectrum sensing, the proposed scheme verifies the legitimacy of SUs by utilizing the elliptic curve cryptography technique. The results of security analysis show that the proposed scheme achieves the combined objectives of privacy preservation, authentication, fault tolerance, and resistance to various types of attacks. Performance evaluation results demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed scheme.

Special Issue on Recent Trends and Future of Fog and Edge Computing, Services and Enabling Technologies

Special Issue on Recent Trends and Future of Fog and Edge Computing, Services and Enabling Technologies

Secured Key Management Scheme for Multicast Network Using Graphical Password

In recent days, management of keys in a group has become a significant part of data communication. The textual and alphanumerical passwords used for security concern have now changed its trend to different graphical passwords procedures. Many researchers have introduced various efficient and scalable key management schemes and it is difficult to remember this type of password. There are many textual password authentication mechanisms now available in the software market and are prone to eavesdropping, dictionary attacks and shoulder surfing. To address all the above vulnerability, many researchers and practitioners have developed different authentication methods who are interested in finding an alternate way to the existing problem. Hence, this paper proposes a secure group communication scheme between group members using graphical passwords and this is easy to remember compared to a textual password but difficult to hack. The elliptic curve cryptography technique is applied for key distribution. The group key is a graphical password which is static and shared among all the members in a group. The sequence of images will be sent to the members/users of a group during registration to form a group key and the group controller sends a pass point value of each image to the member by using elliptic curve cryptography after the registration. The main focus of the proposed scheme is to provide better security and ensures negligible communication overhead and computation overhead.

A Novel Image Encryption with Deep Learning Model for Secure Content based Image Retrieval

From the last decades, a massive quantity of images gets generated and continues to rise to a maximum extent in the forthcoming data. The process of retrieving images based on a query image (QI) is a proficient method of accessing the visual properties from large datasets. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) provides a way of effectively retrieving images from large databases. At the same time, image encryption techniques can be integrated into the CBIR model to retrieve the images securely. Therefore, this paper presents new image encryption with a deep learning-based secure CBIR model called IEDL-SCBIR. The proposed IEDL-SCBIR technique intends to encrypt the images as well as securely retrieve them. The proposed IEDL-SCBIR technique follows a two-stage process: optimal elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based encryption and DL based image retrieval. The proposed model derives a cuckoo search optimization (CSO) with the ECC technique for the image encryption process in which the CSO algorithm is applied for optimal key generation. In addition, VGG based feature extraction with Euclidean distance-based similarity measurement is applied for the retrieval process. To validate the enhanced performance of the IEDL-SCBIR technique, a comprehensive results analysis takes place, and the obtained results demonstrate the betterment over the other methods.

ECC based Authentication Scheme for Securing Data Contents over Open Wireless Network Systems

Multimedia contents have been increasingly available over the Internet as wireless networks systems are continuously growing popular. Unlimited access from various users has led to unauthorized access of third parties or adversaries. This paper deals with the implementation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based user authentication for securing multimedia contents over the Internet. The ECC technique has been incorporated with the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm to ensure the complexity of the proposed authentication scheme and to guarantee authenticity of multimedia services.

An efficient privacy-preserving protocol for database-driven cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio is regarded as a promising technology for remedying spectrum shortage and improving spectrum utilization. However, database-driven cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are vulnerable to a series of security attacks and privacy threats, especially the privacy breach of secondary users (SUs). In this paper, we propose an efficient privacy-preserving protocol to protect the identity and trajectory privacy of each SU and to prevent the database (DB) from tracing any SU. Besides, this paper also aims at improving the efficiency of authentication and channel allocation to offer the best connectivity to SUs wherever they are and at any time. Taking advantage of the elliptic curve cryptography technique, our protocol achieves the mutual authentication between SUs and base stations (BSs), which enhances the security of CRNs communication. Based on channel pre-allocation to BSs, our protocol reduces the latency of obtaining available channels for SUs. Moreover, our protocol exploits reputation to motivate SUs to be honest and thus increases the utilization of the limited spectrum resources. The results of security analysis show that our protocol provides strong privacy preservation for SUs that the DB cannot get the entire trajectory of any SU, even the DB colludes with all BSs. Furthermore, the results also show that the proposed protocol can resist various types of attacks. The results of performance evaluation indicate the efficiency of the proposed privacy-preserving protocol.

Multi-Key Searchable Encryption Technique For Index - Based Searching

Multi-key searchable encryption scheme enables keyword search on encrypted data with different keys. The scheme is practical to apply for client server applications to achieve data confidentiality and makes the server to perform the search operation on the encrypted data. So far, this algorithm can be implemented for sequential search. This paper presents an improved version of multi-key searchable encryption algorithm implemented for index-based searching and also shows the experimental results of index-based multi key searchable encryption scheme implemented using C and pbc library. This research uses elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) technique for key improving security. This ECC technique contains the sequence of steps for a secure key generation by the user using hash function. Through the use of the hash function in ECC, performance is enhanced for index-based searching. Experimental results show the execution time of an improved version of multi key searchable scheme for index-based search constructed for different elliptic curves. An application is also designed by using new scheme to perform the search on one lakh encrypted collections with Java as front end and MongoDB as back end.

An Approach to Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) using Asymmetric Homomorphic Encryption (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) Scheme

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a collection of autonomous collection of motes. Sensor motes are usually Low computational and low powered. In WSN Sensor motes are used to collect environmental data collection and pass that data to the base station. Data aggregation is a common technique widely used in wireless sensor networks. [2] Data aggregation is the process of collecting the data from multiple sensor nodes by avoiding the redundant data transmission and that collected data has been sent to the base station (BS) in single route. Secured data aggregation deals with Securing aggregated data collected from various sources. Many secured data aggregation algorithms has been proposed by many researchers. Symmetric key based cryptography schemes are not suitable when wireless sensor network grows. Here we are proposing an approach to secured data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using Asymmetric key based Elliptic Curve cryptography technique. Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) [1] is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Elliptic Curve Cryptography requires smaller keys compared to non-Elliptic curve cryptography (based on plain Galois fields) to provide equivalent security. The proposed technique of secure data aggregation is used to improve the sensor network lifetime and to reduce the energy consumption during aggregation process.

RGB based multiple share creation in visual cryptography with aid of elliptic curve cryptography

In visual cryptography, many shares are generated which are illogical containing certain message within themselves. When all shares are piled jointly, they tend to expose the secret of the image. The notion of visual secret sharing scheme is to encrypt a secret image into n illogical share images. It is unable to reveal any data on the original image if at least one of the shares is not achieved. The original image, in fact, is realized by overlapping the entire shares directly, in order that the human visual system is competent to identify the collective secret image without employing any complicated computational tools. Therefore, they are communicated steadily as number of shares. The elliptic curve cryptography approach, in turn, is employed to augment the privacy and safety of the image. The new-fangled technique is utilized to generate the multiple shares which are subjected to encryption and decryption by means of the elliptic curve cryptography technique. The test outcomes have revealed the fact that the peak signal to noise ratio is 58.0025, Mean square error value is 0.1164 and the correlation coefficient is 1 for the decrypted image without any sort of distortion of the original image.

A New Encryption Algorithm to Increase Security of Amazigh Text through Tree Traversal Technique

In recent years network security has become an important issue. Cryptography is one of the mathematical techniques that ensure secure communications within a non-secure channel. It basically deals with encryption and decryption of a given data. Recently, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) gained a lot of attention in the field of Cryptography. This paper deals with a new approach to enhance the security of Amazigh text using ECC and tree traversal technique. The Amazigh text is the composition of some character. Every character of the message can be represented as a Unicode value. Depending on the chosen key, the codes point is encrypted and scrambled using tree traversal method. The enhanced approach improved the efficiency of the ECC algorithm. Moreover, the use of tree traversing will provide better performance in this regard.

RGB-Based Secure Share Creation in Visual Cryptography Using Optimal Elliptic Curve Cryptography Technique

Many shares are generated from the secret images that are illogical containing certain message within them in visual cryptography. When all shares are piled jointly, they tend to expose the secret of the image. The multiple shares are used to transfer the secret image by using the encryption and decryption process by means of the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) technique. In ECC method, the public key is randomly generated in the encryption process and decryption process, the private key ([Formula: see text]) is generated by utilizing the optimization technique and for evaluating the performance of the optimization by using the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). From the test results, the PSNR has been exposed to be 65.73057, also the mean square error (MSE) value is 0.017367 and the correlation coefficient (CC) is 1 for the decrypted image without any distortion of the original image and the optimal PSNR value is attained using the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm when compared with the existing works.

To Propose a Novel Technique for Detection and Isolation of Dictionary Attack in Wireless Sensor Network

Objectives: The main objective of this work is to isolate dictionary attack in wireless sensor networks. In the existing techniques Diffie-Helman algorithm has been proposed for the secure channel establishment from source to destination. In the Diffie-Helman algorithm dictionary attack is possible which reduce network performance. In this work, ECC technique is used which will detect malicious nodes from the network. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The wireless sensor networks are the kind of network in which sensor nodes can sense natural conditions and it is conveyed to the far spots like a backwoods, deserts and so on. Wireless sensor networks have faced various kinds of issues and challenges out of which maintaining the maintenance of security has proven to be one of the greatest concern. There has been a higher probability of occurrence of an attack due to all such problems related to security. All such discussions related to wireless sensor networks have been made in this paper. Wireless sensor networks have self configuring nature which results in dictionary attack is possible in the network. The delay and energy consumption get an increment as a result. The throughput of the network also gets affected as it gets reduced. Henceforth, for the purpose of detecting and isolating these dictionary attacks, a new technique has been put forth. The proposed technique is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), in which digital signature is calculated not which do not satisfy the condition of signature can be marked as malicious. Findings: In the existing technique to establish secure channel from source to destination, Diffie-Helman algorithm has been proposed in which secure session key is established. Due to self configuring nature of WSN dictionary attack is possible in the network. The ECC technique is used to ensure data integrity in the network. In the ECC technique, digital signature is generated as the source end and that digital signature is verified at the destination end. If the signature is not verified at the destination, then intrusion is detected in the network. To detect malicious node data integrity is confirmed per hop and the nodes which do not satisfy the condition of digital signature are detected as the malicious node. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB and it has been analyzed that the network performance is increased in terms of energy consumption, throughput and delay after detection of malicious nodes.

A Review of Digital Signature Using Different Elliptic Cryptography Technique

Authentication and verification of digital data is important phase in internet based transaction and data access. For the authentication and verification used digital signature operation. For the operation of digital signature various cryptography techniques is used. The strength of cryptography technique measures the strength of digital signature. For the strength improvement various cryptography techniques is used such as RSA, ECC and some other bit level cryptography technique. In this paper present the review of digital signature technique basically based on elliptic curve cryptography technique. The elliptic curve cryptography technique is much stronger than other cryptography technique.Â