Elite Institutions Research Articles

Internal versus external CEO hires: key differences

PurposeHistorically, most CEOs were promoted from within the organization. The internal candidates offer continuity, are well known to the Board, and have deep institutional knowledge. However, if the Board is seeking changes to the firm’s strategy, operations, or culture, they turn to outside candidates with proven track records. Shareholders react positively to the announcement of an external successor but the longer-term evidence on the performance front is mixed. Most empirical studies have tended to focus on a narrow aspect of the hiring choice, whereas we undertake a more holistic examination involving various elements.Design/methodology/approachWe consider the salience of the CEO hiring choice from several perspectives: educational background, gender, compensation, and firm performance. We use a propensity score matching approach to ensure comparability between internally promoted and externally hired CEOs. The observed covariates for the matching algorithm include firm size, CEO tenure, and industry sector.FindingsWe find that external CEOs are significantly more likely to have received their undergraduate degree from an elite institution, majored in a STEM discipline, and earned an MBA credential. They earn higher total compensation (with a higher proportion of equity-linked performance pay) but do not outperform in terms of the ROA or Tobin’s Q metrics. Gender does not appear to play a distinguishing role in the internal versus external hiring choice. We also do not detect significant differences in firm performance outcomes associated with educational pedigree, a STEM education, or an MBA credential, whether the CEO is internally promoted or hired externally.Originality/valueOur paper contributes by providing novel evidence on the impact of educational background on external CEO hiring decisions. Our findings carry implications for testing hypotheses stemming from signaling theory and exploring the significant role of social networks associated with elite educational institutions. Also, the finding that externally appointed CEOs do not outperform their internally promoted counterparts may be noteworthy for corporate boards' hiring committees, especially when reviewing candidates who are edge cases.

Technocracy without society: a critique of nudging as an approach to managing risk

ABSTRACT This article considers the evolution of public risk management over the past half century in the United States, focusing on ‘nudging’ as a technique to manage a variety of risks – environmental, health, and financial – through shifts in individual behaviour. I argue that nudging operates according to a privatised, market-based logic of security that displaces more democratic approaches. I further show how nudging aims to go beyond the political – which is to say beyond the realm of democratic contestation over the assessment and mitigation of risk, thereby reinforcing an unsustainable view of risk management as an apolitical set of ‘best practices’. I further argue that this technocratic approach to risk has become particularly problematic amid a populist backlash against scientific expertise and elite institutions, and may even leave advanced democracies less able to manage the risks they face: the erosion of public trust in experts and government undermines both the attempt to nudge individuals towards ‘prudential’ choices and government mandates to manage risks through more aggressive regulatory means.

Current research status and future prospects of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, with atherosclerosis (AS) contributing to its pathological basis. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiological process of AS, and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been extensively studied in this context. This study aimed to analyze the research status of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular disease and provide research directions for further exploration in this field. Using the "Bibliometrix" and "CiteSpace" software, a total of 516 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database published between 2012 and 2023. The search query used the keywords "["CVD" OR "cardiovascular disease"] AND ["NLRP3 inflammasome "OR "NLRP3"]". Visual analysis was performed on authors, countries, institutions, journal sources, keywords, references, and future trends. A total of 516 English articles were retrieved, showing an overall upward trend in annual publication volume with slight fluctuations. China, the United States, and Europe were the countries and regions with the highest number of published articles. Among them, China had the highest article count (170), while the United States had the highest citation count (18,664), centrality score (0.43), and h-index (90), indicating its influential role in this research area. These countries also possessed elite institutions, professional researchers, and high-impact journals, making them leading contributors in this field. The main pathogenic mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CVD were identified as "oxidative stress", "pyroptosis", and "inflammation". The most frequently studied signaling pathways included "NF-κB", "IL-1", and "C-reactive protein". The most studied disease types were coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and myocardial infarction. Additionally, research on the correlation between cholesterol markers and inflammatory indicators associated with NLRP3 inflammasome in CVD risk assessment has gained significant momentum, with the main mechanism being NLRP3/IL-6/hs-CRP and cholesterol lipoproteins emerging as a major keyword in this context. This study provides valuable insights into the research hotspots and emerging trends of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular disease. The findings offer guidance for researchers and scholars in this field and facilitate the exploration of new research directions.

Environmental Racism and Climate (In)Justice in the Anthropocene: Addressing the Silences and Erasures in Management and Organization Studies

In this paper, we are situated in postcolonial, decolonial, and feminist epistemologies to study environmental racism in the Anthropocene—a new geological epoch where human activity has changed the functioning of the earth. Drawing from critiques of the Anthropocene, the concept of racial capitalism, as well as environmental justice and racism scholarship, we show how proposed solutions to the climate crisis overlook and may even exacerbate racial injustices faced by communities of color. We contend that a climate justice agenda that is grounded on racial justice is necessary for our scholarship to develop a racially just management and organization studies (MOS). To accomplish this agenda, we propose three shifts: from studying elite institutions to researching grassroots organizations concerned with climate and racial justice, from uncritical endorsement of global technologies to studying local adaptation by communities of color, and from offering decontextualized climate solutions to unraveling racial histories that can help us address racial and climate injustices. We discuss the implications of these shifts for management research and education and argue that MOS cannot afford to ignore climate justice and racial justice—they are both inextricably linked, and one cannot be achieved without the other.

Power, Knowledge, the Academy and Beyond

This article brings to the fore the work of the Public Pedagogies Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, as an enactment of the public realm. This Institute stands within a lineage of education beyond formal sites of learning such as the Raphael Samuel History Centre and, prior to this, Mechanics Institutes. In each of these instances these educational sites either challenge or depart entirely from knowledge generated in authorised or elite institutions. The continuation of instances where education can occur beyond sites of formal education is becoming increasingly critical in a challenge to what and whose knowledge is considered of value. One of the central questions this article attends to is how knowledge that circulates outside of the academy, such as that which occurs within the Public Pedagogies Institute, can be recognised. An analysis of the Institute as a site for knowledge formation is undertaken through the ideas of Hannah Arendt, specifically her concept of the public realm, to critically examine the possibilities for knowledge. For Arendt, her concept of the public realm is a space where the revelation of who we are engenders the possibility of new beginnings. The significance of undertaking such an analysis through the work of Arendt is to foreground how iterations of the public can be recognised as sites of education.

Getting In: Status Stratification and the Pursuit of the Good College Party

How do social hierarchies emerge from symbolic boundaries? Based on an ethnography of a college party scene, we consider “Who parties with whom” as a way to trace the micro-interactional bases of status stratification. Based on field observations and 60 interviews with college women and men in Boston, USA, we identify two main modes of partying: “crawling” and “climbing.” Crawling is the search for a low-status house party to attend, often leading to subpar experiences in poorly-maintained frat houses. Climbing, in contrast, describes the aspirational movement into superior parties at elite institutions, an experience potentially marked with feelings of shame. Regardless of their frequently bad experiences, students continue to go out with the goal of “getting in,” which we analyze as an exchange of capitals—bodily, cultural, and social—for access to exclusive spaces. The pursuit of college parties, we discovered, forces students to position themselves in hierarchies of desirability, and through this process, they learn to connect wealth, status, and campus affiliation.

Decolonizing English in Higher Education: Global Englishes and TESOL as Opportunities or Barriers (SI on Global Englishes and TESOL)

AbstractEnglish is core to HE (higher education) globally, with both HE and English seen as pathways to success for students. Yet, access to English is unequal and colonial ideologies associate English with Anglophone settings. Much of the research on English in HE has focused on elite institutions and students, while the majority of the world's HE students remain comparatively under‐researched. This paper reports on a mixed‐methods study of TESOL in five linguistically and socioculturally diverse HE settings in Colombia, Mexico, Iraq, Thailand, and Vietnam. The aims were to explore the roles and perceptions of English, TESOL, and other languages in policy and practice, (including multilingualism and Global Englishes) and how these related to processes of dis/empowerment and de/colonialization of HE. We sought to uncover the extent to which TESOL and English allowed or restricted access to opportunities of empowerment for different groups of students on their way to and through HE, and how English intersected with a range of dimensions of potential marginalization or privilege, particularly socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and rurality. We present findings from students through a questionnaire (n = 1820) and interviews with students, teachers, and administrators at each of the sites (n = 150).

Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oxidative stress injury: global research status and trends.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on "Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury" and to reveal its current status, hot spots and trends. Methods: The relevant literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 29 April 2023. We performed clustering and partnership analysis of authors, institutions, countries, references and keywords in the literature through CiteSpace software and the bibliometric online analysis platform and mapped the relevant knowledge maps. Results: A total of 1,321 relevant publications were included in the bibliometric analysis, with the number of publications in this field increasing year by year. These included 944 "articles" and 377 "reviews". The maximum number of publications published in China is 512, and the maximum number of highly cited publications published in the United States is 20. Based on CiteSpace, the country collaboration network map shows close and stable collaboration among high-productivity countries. Based on WoSCC, there are 1706 relevant research institutions and 119 highly cited elite institutions, among which Kaohsing Chang Gung Men Hosp has the most extensive influence. Studies related to "Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury" have been published in 548 journals. The keywords of the publications show the main research areas and breakthroughs. Based on WoSCC, the keywords of the research area "Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury" were found to be as follows: exosome(s), extracellular vesicle(s), oxidative stress, inflammation, mesenchymal stem cells, apoptosis, microRNA (miRNA), mitochondria, biomarker, autophagy, angiogenesis and Alzheimer's disease. Analysis showed that "mesenchymal stem cells", "microRNA", "autophagy", "histology" and "therapeutic" emerged as highly explosive keywords. Conclusion: This study is the first to use visual software and data mining to assess the literature in the field of "Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Injury". The research history, research status and direction in this field provide a theoretical basis for its scientific research.

I Justify Myself, Therefore I am. Regimes Of Justification In Chilean Elite Universities

Few studies focus on understanding the role of universities in the elites’ legitimation processes. This article examines how elite universities -in the context of Chilean tertiary education massification- actively create privileged statuses. Focusing on eight case studies, we examine how these universities justify their roles and existence, generating distinctions that promote highly exclusive spaces, replicating elite privilege. Through 48 semi-structured interviews, this article focuses on understanding the justification arguments employed by faculty and deans from these elite institutions. Following Boltanski’s and Thévenot’s theoretical model, the results illustrate three different justification regimes: i) arguing for their elite status within the university system; ii) justifying the role they fulfil within Chilean society; and iii) defending their existence in the social structure. These regimes combine arguments relating to social justice, efficiency and market system performance in an eclectic and pragmatic way.

Integrating multi-national teams: over a decade of lessons learned in Chiapas with Partners in Health-Mexico.

In a globalized world where pathology and risk can flow freely across borders, the discipline of global health equity has proposed to meet this challenge with an equal exchange of solutions, and people working toward those solutions. Considering the history of colonialism, ongoing economic exploitation, and gaping inequities across and within countries, these efforts must be taken with care. The Partners In Health program in Chiapas, Mexico was founded in 2011 by a team of leaders from both the United States and Mexico to strengthen the public health and care delivery systems serving impoverished rural populations. Key to the strategy has been to marshal funding, knowledge, and expertise from elite institutions in both the United States and Mexico for the benefit of an area that previously had rarely seen such inputs, but always in close partnership with local leaders and community processes. With now over a decade of experience, several key lessons have emerged in both what was done well and what continues to present ongoing challenges. Top successes include: effective recruitment and retention strategies for attracting talented Mexican clinicians to perform their social service year in previously unappealing rural placements; using effective fund-raising strategies from multinational sources to ensure the health care delivered can be exemplary; and effectively integrating volunteer clinicians from high-income contexts in a way that benefits the local staff, the foreign visitors, and their home institutions. A few chief ongoing challenges remain: how to work with local communities to receive foreign visitors; how to hire, develop, and appropriately pay a diverse workforce that comes with differing expectations for their professional development; and how to embed research in non-extractive ways. Our community case study suggests that multinational global health teams can be successful if they share the goal of achieving mutual benefit through an equity lens, and are able to apply creativity and humility to form deep partnerships.

In Northcliffe Jail: Iris Barry, film journalist

ABSTRACT A reinvestigation of Iris Barry’s work for the Daily Mail in the period 1925–30. Barry is celebrated as a critic and curator. As a founder of the Film Society in London in the 1920s and first curator of film at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in the 1930s she is a heroine of minority film culture. This article argues that her role in mass film culture has been overlooked. While it has been acknowledged that Barry wrote for the Daily Mail, one of Britain’s most popular newspapers, this article demonstrates that the number of articles she wrote for the paper has been underestimated by a factor of ten. Beyond the case of Barry, this article argues that elite institutions like the Film Society have been given undue credit for the phenomenon of ‘taking film seriously.’

CORE Econ: a Neoclassical Synthesis for the twenty-first century?

This paper provides a critical review of CORE Econ’s The Economy and associated materials. It argues that there is a need for reworked economics textbooks and that CORE Econ’s approach to this project – to replace mathematical abstractions with relevant real-world economics and to overcome the free market bias of introductory economics course – is well-founded. It is argued that The Economy contains a wealth of material which, in the hands of a sophisticated teacher, could form the basis of excellent introductory and intermediate economics modules. Despite this, however, the paper argues that the newly charted path through the economics discipline – using game theory and market imperfections as the entry point – is not easy to traverse. The demotion of Marshallian supply and demand is welcome and overdue, but its replacement is not yet fully formed. The CORE Econ authors’ claim that they present a unified model in which microeconomics and macroeconomics are coherently integrated – a new Neoclassical Synthesis – is overstated. In particular, the paper argues that students who do not have substantial access to tutoring and mentoring will find the text hard. Those students with only limited guidance and support – due to large cohorts, outside commitments or other reasons – are likely to struggle to learn directly from the text. For this reason, The Economy may favour stronger students and elite institutions over those further down the academic hierarchy. Most fundamentally, it is argued, the issues that surface in The Economy go beyond the specific implementation of a textbook, and reflect problems with the discipline itself. The Economy reflects the view that all economic problems can ultimately be understood in terms of individual optimisation. This assumption is highly controversial. A deeper rethink of how we teach undergraduates in economics is needed.

Analyzing the Synergy Efforts between the Education and Industry Sectors

Aligning the realms of education and industry is crucial for achieving a harmonious integration of educational ideals and the practical dynamics of the business world. Through the utilization of this bridge, we are able to present graduates not solely as persons possessing academic qualifications but as individuals who have been equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to actively and effectively contribute to the industrial sphere. Attaining it is not an immediate process. This is a continuous process that requires active cooperation from multiple parties. Developing a curriculum that can adjust to the demands of the industry, employing capable and pertinent instructors, and implementing initiatives like field work programs, teaching factories, and link and match programs are all crucial measures in constructing this connection. Nevertheless, it is crucial to comprehend that matching entails more than simply addressing certain sector requirements. The aim is to provide students with the necessary tools to navigate and thrive in a rapidly changing industrial environment by developing their adaptability, inventiveness, and soft skills. Ultimately, the success of matching is not solely determined by the extent to which graduates are able to secure employment but also by their preparedness to generate novel ideas, resolve challenges, and serve as catalysts for future advancements in industry. Let us further enhance this bridge, ensuring that education ceases to be an exclusive and elitist institution but instead becomes a widely accessible pathway to a prosperous industrial future.

Does directors’ educational background influence financing innovation through corporate venture capital investments? Evidence from France

This study examines whether directors’ educational background influences financing innovation through corporate venture capital (CVC). Our study comprises all CVC operations undertaken by French companies listed on the SBF 120 index between 2000 and 2018. The results show that directors who have graduated from elitist institutions strengthen the involvement of companies in financing innovation. We also find that female directors with a background in management enhance such strategies. These findings have several practical implications for managers and regulators. Thus, to ensure the involvement of corporates in financing innovation, the appointment of directors should be based on specific criteria.

A Blending of Disability Studies, Art Education, and Museum Education

Many museums have been critically characterized as elitist institutions that offer few inclusive services to meet the needs and interests of marginalized populations and communities (Hill, 2016; Sandell & Nightingale, 2013). Some museums, however, are turning to visitor-centered approaches that refocus their efforts to concentrate on the needs and interests of visitors instead of the objects on display (Love & Boda, 2017; Weil, 1999). One population often still overlooked by museums are adult visitors with developmental disabilities, thus the need for increased museum programming. This work represents a literature review that begins with a close examination of conceptual frameworks provided by disability studies, followed by how disability studies relates to art education and inclusive art-making for individuals with developmental disabilities. Next, the review presents an overview of literature related to developmental disabilities, with a specific focus on adults with developmental disabilities and recreational options available to them. Finally, the literature review delves into the museum experience and visitor-centered museum education. By blending best practices in disability studies, art education, and museum education, museums are primed to create needed inclusive programming and connect with new audiences.

A university in Buxton - a place of extinguished chances or a promise delayed?

The University of Derby opened a new university campus in Buxton in 2000. The aim was to produce a socially desirable outcome - better prospects for jobs and lives, and more freedom through learning. The university would help people overcome limits on their lives by openly examining them: the true purpose of education. It represented a challenge to the neoliberal idea that the vitally important social and economic function of learning could be left to market forces. Like many former industrial centres, the town needed to re-invent itself and find creative ways to adapt to the new economic realities. Buxton was different from almost anywhere else in the UK because it offered further and higher education on a single campus, with a unified staffing structure and a single academic management. It offered vocational degrees such as Tourism and Hospitality, Outdoor Pursuits and further education teacher training. In November 2019, however, it was announced that all HE courses at the campus would be closed. The story of this abrupt volte face raises many questions about the way higher education is run in the UK today. The decision was made as if the central university was a business with different cost centres. The article explores the background to this story: it covers wider issues such the chaotic marketisation of higher education, which appeared to offer choice but in fact was managed in such a way as to privileged existing elite institutions; the rules of a numbers game that favoured approaches based on conservatism and corporate uniformity, so that campuses are no longer able to reflect the diversity of our communities; the running of universities as businesses, so that educational concerns are excluded from decision–making; the centralisation of control by those who restrict to themselves the ability to collect and analyse the metrics which are used to legitimise and justify decisions; and the arbitrary power of Vice Chancellors. Ultimately, the closure was the result of a management system that was no longer commensurate with the university's stated commitment to the opening up of higher education to a wider range of people.

Rewriting Our Story: Working-Class People in Elite Institutions

Rewriting Our Story: Working-Class People in Elite Institutions

Creating Visitor-Centered Museum Experiences for Adults With Developmental Disabilities: A Collaborative Story

Museums have a history of being elitist institutions for educated, upper-class, White audiences. However, in recent decades, many museums have worked to overcome this idea by providing visitor-centered approaches to refocus their efforts and concentrate on the needs and interests of all visitors, rather than the objects on display. One population of visitors that is often overlooked by museums is adults with developmental disabilities. This audience serves as the primary participant group for this qualitative case study, along with their parents or caregivers and museum staff members. By using disability studies as a guiding framework, the participants in this study collaborated with the researcher and museum staff members to document their museum experiences through inclusive artmaking, interviews, discussions, and observations. The purpose of this research was to explore how such collaborations might create more inclusive and visitor-centered museum experiences for adults with developmental disabilities within a small regional local art center. The findings were used to make recommendations for future programming and consisted of several themes developed during the coding process. The themes included understanding, accessibility, interactive, collaboration, communication, and evaluation.

Networking in Academic Medicine: Keeping an Eye on Equity.

Networking in Academic Medicine: Keeping an Eye on Equity.

Wealth taxation in the Austrian Press from 2005 to 2020: a critical political economy analysis

Abstract This study focuses on the Austrian media coverage of wealth taxes by conducting a content analysis of all commentary pieces published in 2005–2020 by five Austrian daily newspapers. We find (i) that the majority of commentaries take a negative position towards wealth taxation, (ii) that journalists write more negative comments than guest authors do and (iii) 50 argumentative patterns in five main categories. In light of these findings, we discuss several potential drivers of the predominantly negative wealth taxation coverage: the high degree of ownership concentration by wealthy families and institutions in the Austrian newspaper market, the importance of advertising to fund newspapers and the influence of elite institutions as providers of information. Finally, we embed our findings in recent literature and illustrate similarities and differences of the German and Austrian media coverage of wealth taxation.