Elite Futsal Players Research Articles

Association between aerobic performance and physiological responses in Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2, and the futsal-specific intermittent endurance test in trained futsal players.

This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to delineate associations between the performance and physiological responses to the Bruce test with two field tests, the futsal intermittent endurance test (FIET) and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-2 (YYIR2) in elite male futsal players, in order to endorse one of field test to futsal coaches. Fifteen elite futsal players (age 20 ± 3 years) have been participated in this study. Main outcome measurements included aerobic power, heart rate, blood lactate, ventilation, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2 indicators during FIET, YYIR2, and the Bruce test with carrying out a portable gas analyzer. The Bruce test is significantly correlated with FIET and YYIR2 with respect to key outcome measures, including performance (r>0.59), aerobic power (r>0.69), heart rate (r>0.80), and blood lactate levels (r>0.60). The two field tests, FIET and YYIR2, were found to exhibit strong to perfect interrelationships. When examining the indicators such as VE, VO2, VCO2, VE-VO2, and VE-VCO2, moderate to strong correlations were identified across all three testing methods. However, the relationship between the Bruce test and YYIR2 was particularly noteworthy in terms of respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and metabolic equivalent of task (METS), showing a significant correlation. The YYIR2 and FIET appear to be valid practical field tests for measuring aerobic fitness and performance in competitive male futsal players.

Effects of Congested Matches and Training Schedules on Salivary Markers in Elite Futsal Players

Effects of Congested Matches and Training Schedules on Salivary Markers in Elite Futsal Players

Profiling the acceleration and deceleration components in elite futsal players

ABSTRACT This retrospective observational study explores the acceleration and deceleration demands of elite male futsal players (age: 28.8 ± 2.4 years, weight: 73.7 ± 6.2 kg, height: 175.9 ± 5.9 cm) in official matches. Utilising a local positioning system, tracking data from twelve matches involving two elite teams with nineteen players was analysed. Physical demands were assessed at various thresholds, considering standing and rolling efforts based on initial and final velocities. The most prevalent efforts were rolling accelerations (32.4%) and decelerations (31.3%), along with standing accelerations (18.7%) and decelerations (17.6%). A majority of efforts occurred within small distances (less than 10 metres), representing 27.9% to 71.1% of cases. Intensity comparisons revealed that larger distances consistently had significantly higher velocities (d = 0.67 to d = 5.91). High-intensity efforts over large distances were notably shorter than their low-intensity counterparts, both in standing (d = 1.75 to d = 1.98) and rolling (d = 0.64 to d = 0.82) effort types. In essence, elite futsal players predominantly engage in rolling accelerations and decelerations within short distances, exhibiting average speeds below 3 m·s−2. This insight into the nuanced dynamics of player movements provides valuable information for optimising training regimens and enhancing performance in elite futsal competitions.

A Managerial Development Model for Promoting Elite Futsal Players at University

Background and Aim: As the sports industry develops and society pursues a healthy lifestyle, sports are becoming increasingly important in higher education. Futsal, due to its relatively low requirements for field facilities, is more suitable for implementation on university campuses. However, despite the high popularity of futsal on university campuses, most universities' futsal training focuses more on popularization and entertainment, without giving enough attention to the improvement of competitive levels. The purpose of this study was to construct a managerial development model for promoting elite futsal players in university. Materials and Methods: This study is a survey type. The population of this research includes Sampling includes 7 expert interviews. 250 elite futsal players and 20 coaches for the questionnaire method for drafting the managerial development model. 19 experts will be selected to construct the development model for elite futsal players by the Delphi consensus method. 9 experts will be used to verify the draft of the managerial development model for elite futsal players. Using questions created by the researcher that are based on the POLC theories. After analyzing the data, the researcher drafted the managerial development model. After that, send the managerial development model to experts for improvement. Complete editing in the Delphi consensus method and final confirmation with the connoisseurship method by experts. Result: After constructing the draft of the managerial development model for developing elite futsal players in the university, it was found that there were 12 planning elements, 11 organization elements, 14 leading elements, and 8 controlling elements, totaling 45 elements. There are two elements with a mean of 4.44 “A policy has been established to promote elite athletes in universities”, and “Relevant personnel is promoted to attend training in various courses to develop the organization's knowledge in preparing a team of elite futsal athletes”, showing that these three elements are highly effective in use. The remaining elements have an average of 4.56 to 4.76, indicating that these elements are very highly effective in their application. Conclusion: In the development of elite futsal athletes, the experts highlighted that many universities lack a clear management service system structure. This deficiency extends to areas such as budget management within the organization, the allocation of personnel appropriate to their roles and responsibilities, and the preparation of equipment and venues. Consequently, the management plan system lacks specificity. The university should clearly adhere to this policy by allocating time effectively to students. One of the key issues is the lack of communication and collaboration among personnel involved in developing futsal athletes within the university. Additionally, balancing the demands of both learning and studying is in alignment with the established educational system.

A more thorough analysis of the countermovement jump demonstrates changes in neuromuscular performance during pre and early competitive season in elite futsal players

A more thorough analysis of the countermovement jump demonstrates changes in neuromuscular performance during pre and early competitive season in elite futsal players

Body Composition Variation among U-19 Futsal National Team Players from Bosnia and Herzegovina According to Playing Position

Elite futsal players in addition to other characteristics, must have suitable anthropometric and body composition according to their playing position. The research aimed to determine body composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina U-19 national futsal team players and also determine differences in anthropometric and body composition of players according to their playing position. The sample of respondents consisted of Bosnia and Herzegovina U-19 National Futsal Team players (n=14, average age 18.07±0.48 yrs, body height 181.40±5.72 cm, and body weight 77.66±10.60 kg). Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). Futsal players were divided according to their positions in the team into goalkeepers, defenders, wingers and pivots. Based on ANOVA and post-hoc tests, the findings showed that there were significant differences between groups in 8 out of 11 anthropometric parameters. So, in relation to this, the main findings of the study indicate that: i) goalkeepers and pivots have significantly higher body mass and percentage of fat compared to defenders and wingers; ii) goalkeepers have a higher BMI than all other players, while pivots have higher BMI values than defenders and wingers; iii) muscle mass favors goalkeepers and pivots over wingers; iv) goalkeepers had significantly higher values in triceps and biceps skinfold measurements compared to other players, as well as in lower leg skinfold compared to defenders and wingers, and in back skinfold compared to wingers. Although this study is significant, because it examines the morphology of elite futsal players and indicates certain differences in the anthropometric characteristics of futsal players according to the positions in the team. However, we must interpret these results cautiously due to the limited sample size of participants.

Concordance of a new IMU in different small-sided games and real game tasks in indoor sports

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concordance of a new Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) device called OLIVER in different specific training tasks and real futsal game. Methods: 10 elite futsal players competing in First National Division performed most of the typical futsal training tasks (game possession in 22×20m, 2vs2 in 20×20m, 3vs3, 4vs4 in 28×20m and 4vs4 in 40×20m). Players wore two tracking devices (OLIVER and WIMU Pro). Data were recorded with specific software systems to compare the concordance of data. After recording data, descriptive analysis was developed for each training task, as well as a one-way ANOVA to evaluate the concordance of OLIVER and WIMU devices. Results: The results reported good agreement for most variables, such as total distance, distance covered in different partials, as well as meters of accelerations and decelerations at different intensities and maximum speed (P> .05). However, the distance covered in high-speed running 12.1-18 km/h (m) and the number of runs above 12 km/h reported statistical differences between OLIVER and WIMU (P< .05) in some of the training tasks. Conclusion: The OLIVER system and WIMU system shows a high level of concordance in main variables of external load in different training tasks. OLIVER system is a valid and useful device to monitor external load in indoor sports, both smallsided games and real games.

The effectiveness of resistance exercises performed on stable and unstable surfaces in relation to torso activation

Introduction: Deep stabilization system (DSS) strength and endurance are crucial for injury prevention and athletic performance. Training surfaces can influence training outcomes; therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of performing strength trunk exercises on unstable and stable surfaces with conventional trunk exercises. Materials and Methods: DSS and trunk stability were assessed before and after 10 weeks of three different training interventions among twenty elite futsal players. Each intervention included 25 strength training sessions. Pre- and post-tests encompassed various measurements, including diaphragm, trunk flexion, trunk back extension, hip flexion, intraabdominal pressure, side plank, pronation, and supination tests. Results: Conventional exercises showed a significant improvement only in the side plank test. In contrast, unstable and stable surface conditions exhibited notable enhancements in all tests, displaying superior trunk stability compared to conventional exercises. The stable surface condition demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the pronation and supination tests compared to the unstable surface condition. Conclusions: Except for the side plank test, dynamic conventional exercises did not yield substantial improvements in the assessed tests. Deep stabilization system training enhances trunk stability when performed on both unstable and stable surfaces, with unstable surfaces potentially yielding greater improvements in m. transversus stabilization functions.

Relating external load variables with individual tactical actions with reference to playing position: an integrated analysis for elite futsal

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to contextualise players’ high-intensity activities (HIA) with individual tactical actions during match play with reference to playing positions. Tracking data was obtained using local positioning system devices from 19 male elite futsal players (28.8 ± 2.4 years). The HIA measures included high-intensity acceleration (ACC; ≥3 m · s−2), deceleration (DEC; ≤−3 m · s−2), and high-speed running (HSR; ≥18 km · h−1). Tracking data and match footage were synchronised using the SPRO™ to code players’ physical performance and technical-tactical actions. A small statistically significant association was observed between HIA and players’ actions with or without the ball (χ 2 = 183.27 (2, N = 4234), p<.001; Cramer’s V = 0.21). When players have the ball, the number of DEC efforts tends to increase with a corresponding decrease in ACC and HSR. When the players do not have the ball, ACC and HSR running tend to increase with a corresponding decrease in DEC. A comparison between HIA revealed that futsal performance requires greater mechanical efforts (ACC + DEC) than kinematic efforts (HSR). This underscores the importance of mechanical efforts within short space for futsal performance. Moreover, the diverse tactical actions associated with different player positions contribute to distinct activity profiles and physical requirements.

Interpreting match performance in elite futsal: considerations for normalizing variables using effective time.

This study aimed to investigate the physical and individual technical-tactical performance of elite futsal players. Thirteen National Team futsal players (27.4 ± 4.7 years, 70.3 ± 7.6 kg, 176.3 ± 5.5 cm) competed in 15 official matches in three distinct competitions. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and player load (PL) were measured for assessing physical internal and external load, respectively. Individual tactical actions were analyzed using Instat Scout®, considering variables such as fouls, shots, shots on target, goals, successful dribbles, passes, successful passes, ball losses, ball recoveries, and challenges won. The cluster analysis classified the players into two groups: "high-involvement" (HIGH) and "low-involvement" (LOW), based on their average effective playing time, sRPE, and PL. A linear mixed model was used to examine the differences in external and internal load and technical-tactical variables between the two groups, accounting for individual repeated measures. Considering absolute values, HIGH players presented higher sRPE, RPE, total PL, shots, goals, passes, successful passes, ball losses and recoveries, and challenges won (p = 0.001-0.039; ES = 0.43-2.48), when compared to their LOW counterparts. However, when analyzed relative to effective time, LOW players reached higher total PL and shots per minute (p = 0.001-0.012; ES = 0.39-0.93) when compared to HIGH players. Non-significant differences were found for the rest of the variables. In summary, these results emphasize the importance of normalizing internal and external load variables and technical-tactical performance variables per effective playing time in futsal. The current findings indicate that players with lower involvement can present the same or even higher physical and technical-tactical performance compared to teammates with more playing time.

Anterior component of Y-Balance test is correlated to ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in futsal players: A cross-sectional study.

Restricted dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) could impact dynamic balance in sports. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dorsiflexion range of motion and the Y-Balance Test (YBT) in elite futsal players. Sixty-one asymptomatic male futsal players (mean age 26.57 (5.64) years, a mean body mass index of 25.40 (2.69) kg/m2 ) were included. DFROM was measured by the weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT). DFROM data were obtained using smartphone-based motion capture. The Pearson correlation coefficient verified the correlation between the variables. Dominant and nondominant leg ankle DFROM was significantly correlated with the anterior component of YBT (r=0.27 and 0.51, respectively). The posteromedial component and the composite score of the YBT were also significantly correlated with nondominant leg ankle DFROM (r=0.31 and 0.34, respectively)]. The other measures were not statistically significant. DFROM explained between 7% and 24% of the variation of the distances reached in the YBT. Dorsiflexion range of motion measured by weight bearing lunge test is positively correlated with dynamic balance in futsal players.

Physical Differences between Injured and Non-Injured Elite Male and Female Futsal Players

Futsal is one of the most harmful sports due to its great physical demands. The asymmetries have been proposed as one of the most important risk factors of suffering an injury. However, no study has analysed the relationship between neuromuscular assessment and its implication on the likelihood of suffering injuries comparing male and female players. The purpose of the study was to analyse the physical fitness differences between elite futsal players (both male and female) who suffered an injury in the following four months after being evaluated with those who did not suffer the injuries. Twenty-six and twenty-two male and female elite futsal players were recruited from four different teams and underwent an evaluation of different neuromuscular assessments (isometric hip abduction and adduction peak torque, flexion-rotation trunk test, hop test, countermovement jump (CMJ), drop vertical jump (DVJ), leg stiffness, 15 m sprint, Y-balance test, and Illinois test) that have been considered potential sport-related injury risk factors during the pre-season. Statistical analysis only showed differences between injured and non-injured players in isometric hip adduction strength and unilateral ratio for the non-dominant leg (p &lt; 0.05). Neuromuscular performance scores showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) between male and female futsal players in several variables (hip abduction non-dominant leg, hops, CMJ, DVJ, leg stiffness, sprint, and Illinois test) but not in ratio or asymmetry. Isometric hip adduction and abduction–adduction unilateral ratio deficits for the non-dominant leg might be an important factor toward suffering an injury. Male and female futsal players showed different neuromuscular performances and consequently different training programs should be implemented for them.

Total and regional body composition are related with aerobic fitness performance in elite futsal players

Body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass profile) has been related to aerobic performance, an essential capacity for futsal athletes. The present study aimed to verify the relationship between total and regional body composition (percentage of fat and lean mass) with aerobic performance in elite futsal players. Male professional futsal athletes (n = 44) from two Brazilian National Futsal League teams and athletes representing the National team participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated using DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and aerobic fitness by ergospirometry. There was a negative (p < 0.05) correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and maximal velocity reached with total body (r = −0.53; r = −0.58), trunk (r = −0.52; r = −0.56) and lower-limb (r = −0.46; r = −0.55) fat mass percentage. Lower-limb lean mass percentage had a positive (p < 0.05) correlation with maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.46) and maximal velocity (r = 0.55). In conclusion, total and regional body composition present a relationship with aerobic performance in professional futsal players.

Neuromuscular Performance Changes in Elite Futsal Players Over a Competitive Season.

Spyrou, K, Alcaraz, PE, Marín-Cascales, E, Herrero-Carrasco, R, Cohen, DD, and Freitas, TT. Neuromuscular performance changes in elite futsal players over a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1111-1116, 2023-A professional futsal season imposes a great amount of physiological and mechanical stress on players. The main aim of this study was to examine the changes in neuromuscular performance qualities across the season. Ten professional male players performed a 10-m sprint, standing long jumps (SLJs), and countermovement jumps (CMJs) during the competitive season (i.e., every ∼5 weeks from September to January). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons and effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze potential differences among these assessments. A significant and large decline was found in concentric peak power ( p = 0.040; ES = 1.24). A nonsignificant and moderate decrease was observed in sprint ability ( p = 0.155; ES = 1.03), CMJ height ( p = 0.175; ES = 1.00), and SLJ distance ( p = 0.164; ES = 1.03). Regarding other CMJ kinetic variables, nonsignificant and moderate changes were found. In summary, considering the neuromuscular performance tests and variables assessed, only concentric peak power in CMJ decreased significantly across the season; however, nonsignificant decrements were observed in sprinting time, SLJ, CMJ height, and other kinetic metrics. CMJ variables during the jump-land cycle should be incorporated alongside more traditional measures (e.g., jump height) to monitor performance during the season.

How weekly monitoring variables influence players’ and teams’ match performance in elite futsal players

This study aimed to investigate how weekly training load constrains the performance of players and teams in official futsal competitions. Data from a professional male team were collected during two seasons (46 weeks). The applied monitoring system analysed the training load (as measured by session perceived exertion, sRPE), the total recovery status (TQR), the well-being score (WBs) and the variability of neuromuscular performance during each week (CMJ-cv). In addition, the performance was assessed for all the matches. A path analysis model was performed to test the associations across variables. Results from the path analysis model revealed that it explains 31% of the teams' performance. In general, the results show that previous team performance has no significant effects on the training week. A significant negative relationship was found between CMJ-cv and match performance (β = -.34; CI95% -.359 to -.070), as well as a significant negative relationship between players' match performance and the team's match performance (β = -.55; CI95% -.292 to .740). Regarding indirect effects, only a negative association between CMJ-cv and team match performance via players' match performance (β = -.19; CI95% -.342 to -.049) was identified. The small variation of the weekly CMJ (CMJ-cv) seems to be a key variable to monitor and explain both player and team performance. Based on this model, and only looking at the physical variables, it was possible to explain 31% of the team's performance. Longitudinal and multi-team studies should be conducted to integrate other technical, tactical and psychological variables that allow the level of understanding of players' and teams' performance to be improved.

Validity of a new tracking device for futsal match

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to to evaluate the validity of a new tracking device that allows measuring different performance factors in futsal real game situations. Methods: 10 high elite futsal players performed a typical futsal training task, this is, a 4v4 in 28×20m with a duration of 180 seconds, where players wore two tracking devices, the new one (OLIVER) and the already validated device (WIMU PRO). Data recorded by the OLIVER and WIMU PRO systems were compared after the training session. Descriptive analysis was performed for each variable, and a one-way ANOVA was developed to calculate the validity of OLIVER compared with WIMU PRO report. Results: The results reported good validity for most of the variables analysed, such as the total distance (P = .385), the distance traveled at high intensity (P = .786) and maximum intensity (P = .460), as well as the number of accelerations (P =.690) and decelerations (P = .073) and maximum speed (P = .114). However, the distance traveled at low speed (P = .013) and the number of high accelerations (P = .028) reported statistical differences from OLIVER to WIMU PRO. Conclusions: The OLIVER system can be stated as a valid technology for monitoring most of the external load variables in specific training tasks in futsal, which ensures an improvement in the monitoring training process. Keywords: inertial measurement unit; acceleration; max speed; metrics; team sports.

Fat-free mass estimation in male elite futsal players: Development and validation of a new bioelectrical impedance–based predictive equation

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to develop and cross-validate a futsal-specific bioelectrical equation for estimating fat-free mass (FFM) in male players. MethodsA total of 66 futsal players (age 23.3 ± 5.4 years) from the Major Portuguese Futsal League “LIGA PLACARD” and from the 2nd and 3rd National Futsal Leagues were included in this cross-sectional, observational study. The participants underwent a foot-to-hand bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at 50 kHz and completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for reference body composition data. The sport-specific model was developed by stepwise multiple regression using bioelectrical raw parameters [resistance (R) and reactance (Xc)] as independent variables. Validation was performed using the PRESS approach, least squares regression, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman analyses. ResultsA BIA-based model was developed for FFM [FFM (kg) = −8.865 + 0.437 * Body Mass (kg) + 0.186 * Xc + 0.415 * stature (cm)2/R (R2 = 0.89, standard error of estimation = 2.38 kg)]. Results showed a substantial strength of agreement (CCC = 0.953), an r2 of 0.88 with a standard error of estimation equal to 2.31 kg, no mean bias (0.04 kg, p>0.05), low limits of agreement (ranged from −4.5 to 4.6 kg), and no trend (r = −0.170, p = 0.172). ConclusionsThe present equation is the first to allow for a valid, accurate, and sport-specific assessment of FFM in male futsal players.

Strength and Power Performance Changes During an In-Season Resistance Training Program in Elite Futsal Players: A Case Study.

In this study, we aimed to analyze (i) the strength and power changes after resistance training (RT) in elite futsal players, and (ii) the associations between the session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) and perceived total quality recovery (TQR), and the sRPE and TQR with the volume load of the RT program. Ten elite futsal players (24.8 ± 5.4 years; 76.2 ± 7.1 kg; 1.77 ± 0.05 m) performed an in-season 8-week RT program twice per week. RT consisted of 2-3 sets x 3-6 reps at 45-65% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with maximal velocities in the full squat and complementary exercises with the same volume. We assessed the TQR before every session, while the sRPE was calculated after each RT session. One week before and after the intervention, we measured the countermovement jump (CMJ) height, isometric hip adduction strength (IHAS), 1RM, and peak power (PP) in the full squat progressive loading test. After the 8-week training program, there was a significant improvement in most outcomes, yet the gains (%Δ) remained below the minimal detectable change (MDC), except for IHAS (CMJ: p < 0.05, %Δ = 6.7, MDC% = 7.2; IHAS: p < 0.001, %Δ = 19.1, MDC% = 14.6; 1RM: p > 0.05, %Δ = 9.2, MDC% = 21.5; PP: p < 0.05; %Δ = 14.4, MDC% = 22.4). We also found a significant negative correlation between TQR and the sRPE (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Our data suggest that RT based on low-volume and low-to-moderate loads may not produce a sufficient stimulus to induce meaningful dynamic strength and power gains in elite futsal players, although it improves isometric strength. Furthermore, monitoring TQR before sessions may show coaches how the elite futsal player will perceive the session's intensity.

What Is the Most Sensitive Test to Identify Fatigue through the Analysis of Neuromuscular Status in Male Elite Futsal Players?

The present study aimed to determine which of the neuromuscular status (NMS) monitoring tests (1: Counter-movement jump, CMJ; 2: back squat with additional load) is the most sensitive and effective for evaluating the state of fatigue in futsal players during the preseason. Seventeen professional futsal players were recruited for this study (age: 23.07 ± 6.76 years; height: 1.75 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 75.47 ± 7.47 kg; playing experience in elite: 5.38 ± 2.03 years). All of them were evaluated during the preseason phase in two tests (CMJ and back squat with additional load) before and after each training session (pre- vs. post-test). A jump platform was used to extract jump height during CMJ, while a linear position transducer was used to extract mean velocity (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during the back squat exercise. Significant differences were obtained for intra-subject analysis for MV and MPV in loaded back squat exercise (p < 0.001), finding lower values during the post-test. In conclusion, the monitoring of NMS through the back squat provides greater sensitivity and objectivity in comparison with CMJ, due to a more direct neuromuscular extrapolation to the physical demands of futsal.

Exploring the effects of interchange rotations on high-intensity activities of elite futsal players

The literature lacks an understanding of the physical demands of team sports with unlimited substitutions (player interchange rotations). Because of this characteristic of the game, it is necessary to analyze the physical requirements through player rotation rather than analyzing global averages. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between high-intensity activities (HIA; sum of accelerations, decelerations, and high-speed running actions) performed per interchange rotations and match time variables (playtime, rest time, and work–rest ratio) in elite futsal players. A retrospective observational design was used. Twelve matches from an elite male team competing in the Premier Spanish Futsal League were analyzed using a local positioning system, yielding a total sample of 17 players. The number of HIA performed per interchange rotation varies between players and allows the identification of three distinct activity profiles—lower HIA (10 HIA), medium HIA (28 HIA), and higher HIA (38 HIA). Furthermore, these profiles were found to be stable alongside the existing interchange rotations throughout the match. Playtime ( F = 40.9, p &lt; .001) and work–rest ratio ( F = 15.6, p &lt; .001) are the time variables that best differentiate match activity profiles. Players with more playing time (4.6 ± 1.0 min) and a work–rest ratio equal to or greater than 1 (1.1 ± 0.6 a.u.) have a greater ability to repeat HIA per rotation.