Elimination Of Obstacles Research Articles

Application of the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method to Assess Factors Influencing the Development of Cycling Infrastructure in Cities

Sustainable development and environmental considerations have resulted in many cities around the world recognising the importance of non-motorised modes of transport. Problems related to the proper development and maintenance of cycling infrastructure have already been the subject of various studies. However, they have mainly dealt with the identification of factors influencing the development of cycle paths and the optimisation of the design of safe and comfortable cycle routes. The influence of individual factors on each other and on the development of cycling infrastructure has not been studied. The research aims of this article are to identify which factors influence the development of bicycle infrastructure, their role and interdependence, and their prioritisation. It also looks at whether there are differences between the opinions of bicycle users and experts professionally involved in the development of bicycle paths in assessing the importance of the factors indicated. As a result of the study, eight factors influencing the development of bicycle infrastructure were identified. Based on the opinions of cyclists and experts, the nature of each factor was analysed. Taking into account the complex relationships between the factors, the key factors contributing to the development of bicycle infrastructure were shown: (1) the planning of bicycle paths, taking into account the separation of individual paths and their continuity, consistency, and length; (2) legal regulations promoting cycling in terms of transportation policy; (3) the elimination of obstacles; and (4) the design of bicycle paths, taking into account the safety, space management, terrain, and attractiveness of the surroundings. The results for both groups of respondents were compared. They indicate that both groups of respondents reported the same factors as the most important, with the only differences being in the order of the importance of the factors. The academic value of this work lies in showing the usability of the underrated original version of DEMATEL methodology in the considered area for key factors. The practical significance of this paper is the provision of a rather simple, yet reliable, tool for addressing the complexity of interrelated issues that make the development of urban infrastructure a cumbersome task.

Tasks of the state policy of formation and implementation of social protection for persons with disabilities in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the tasks of the state policy of formation and implementation of social protection of persons with disabilities in Ukraine. The article analyzes international and national legislation in the researched area. In the article, the author provides the author's definition of the tasks of the state policy of the formation and implementation of social protection of persons with disabilities as a predetermined complex of decisions and actions of subjects of power, aimed at solving the problems of social protection of persons with disabilities. In addition, among the main tasks of social security of persons with disabilities recognized by the world community, namely the identification and elimination of obstacles and barriers that prevent the provision of rights and the satisfaction of needs, including access to public and civil facilities, improvement, transport infrastructure, road service (hereinafter – objects of the physical environment), transport, information and communication, as well as taking into account individual capabilities, abilities and interests – to education, work, culture, physical culture and sports; health care; social protection; ensuring the implementation of an individual rehabilitation program for persons with disabilities; provision of adapted housing; promotion of social activities. The author focuses on the fact that the inherited system of social protection of persons with disabilities is largely based on the medical model of disability. In addition, it was established that the issue of transition from the medical model of social protection is currently being updated, and currently the priority tasks of social protection of persons with disabilities are their autonomy and social inclusion; departure from the medical model of protection; the need to «transpose» the system of services for persons with disabilities, directing them to the independence and atomization of the individual.

An overview of the trajectory of Brazilian individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome until diagnosis

Background22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a rare disease with an important characteristic—clinical heterogeneity. The diversity of organs, regions, and systems of the body that can be affected requires periodic updating of health professionals so that they can recognize these clinical signs as belonging to 22q11.2DS. Updated professionals are equally important for the appropriate and timely clinical management of individuals with a positive diagnosis. In this context, this article aimed to map and analyze the access to healthcare for individuals with 22q11.2DS until the moment of diagnosis.ResultsWe analyzed the clinical data of 111 individuals with 22q11.2DS registered in the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA) from 2008 to 2020. In this study, individuals were diagnosed at a median age of 9 years (mean = 9.7 years). Before the genetic investigation, they accessed 68.75% of the internationally recommended evaluations available at BDCA. Recurrent 22q11.2DS clinical manifestations such as delayed neuropsychomotor development, lip and/or palate defects, cardiac malformation and/or hematological/immunological alteration co-occurred in at least 72.06% of individuals. Cardiac malformation was the only clinical alteration that lowered the median diagnostic age, corresponding to 6.5 years of age with a cardiac malformation versus 11 years of age without one (p = 0.0006).ConclusionsIn Brazil, 22q11.2 DS is under-recognized, and early diagnosis and management of affected individuals are still a distant reality. In this sense, 22q11.2 DS suspicion followed by the elimination of obstacles for its diagnosis confirmation is essential to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of these individuals in Brazil.

Procedural Force Majeure and Hardship in ADR on the Example of the COVID Pandemic

Not only the performance of a commercial contract but also the implementation of the chosen method of resolving a dispute may become impossible or excessively burdensome due to unexpected circumstances, such as the effect of restrictive measures during a pandemic. This puts in question the civil legal concepts of "force majeure" and "hardship". Usually, they are applied to substantive legal relations such as rendering services or delivery of goods. However, they arguably should be applied also to procedural legal relations. Unlike in substantive law, the main purpose of the application of these concepts does not consist in avoiding liability for failure to perform one's duties but to authorize the dispute resolution provider to adapt the procedural form or timeframe to the unforeseeable circumstances.Legal concepts of force majeure and hardship should not normally excuse a party from fulfilling its agreement to arbitrate or mediate, or for the dispute resolution provider to refrain from administering ADR. Instead, they should constitute a ground to adapt the procedure to changed circumstances.The purpose of application of "procedural" force majeure and hardship concepts consists in the elimination of obstacles in the resolution of disputes caused by uncontrollable and unforeseeable circumstances by means of adaptation of the procedure, taking into account the resources of the participants in a particular dispute.

PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING FOR DRIFT OBJECTS DUE TO TSUNAMI INUNDATION IN COASTAL URBAN AREA

Off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, many ships, containers, cars, and wooden debris of collapsed houses were drifted by a huge tsunami. Their drift objects prevented the rapid elimination of obstacles and debris on land and sea. In addition, in areas where tsunami-fire occurred, accumulated wooden debris caused the large-scale fire spread. Generally, when assuming tsunami damages in urban areas, the inundation depth and arrival time of tsunami are mostly used. In order to enhance the tsunami damage assumptions in urban areas, to understand the characteristic of tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects in urban areas is also important. However, it is very difficult to measure the state of actual tsunami flow and the behavior of drift objects by tsunami flow. This study aims to understand the characteristics of drift objects behavior in an urban area through a series of experiments in a laboratory flume. This study also validates numerical simulation model by comparing with the experimental results.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/09KWpiVSbmU

Tendencies of Development of Activities of a Prosecutor in Elimination of Obstacles to Consideration and Resolution of Criminal Cases under the 1864 Charter of Criminal Proceedings

The paper substantiates the relevance of historical experience of the legal regulation in the context of the modern reform of the prosecutor’s work aimed at elimination of obstacles to consideration and resolution of criminal cases with a view to ensure the adoption of a lawful and reasonable decision on the case, which will certainly contribute to the achievement of the objectives of criminal proceedings. The paper investigates the cases of the 19th century when prosecutors returned criminal cases for additional investigation at the pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings. The author has examined the evolution of the goals, objectives and functions of the institution of return of cases by the prosecutor for further investigation in the specified period. The subject of the study amounts to the examination of the institution of additional investigation from the standpoint of its historical genesis. The author focuses on the analysis of the procedure applied to cases returned by the prosecutor for further investigation, the grounds for investigation and ways of correcting the revealed violations. Taking into account the historical experience, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the activity of the prosecutor aimed at eliminating obstacles. The author has formulated and substantiated proposals for modernization of the legal regulation of the procedure under consideration, as the return of the case for additional investigation constitutes a reserve mechanism for achieving the purpose of criminal proceedings that has restorative nature with regard to the legal rights and interests of the participants of criminal proceedings and their compliance with the relevant legal procedure. This procedure is important for making the right decision on the merits. Thus, the purpose of the work is to elucidate the process of formation and functioning of the institution of additional investigation enshrined in the Charter of Criminal Proceedings. To achieve this goal, the basic scientific methods (dialectical method of cognition, method of systematic analysis, deduction and induction, methods of comparisons and analogies, and a number of others) have been used. The main objectives of the study have been achieved on the basis of the comparative legal method. The practical significance of the work is that it justifies the need for legislative unification of legal norms regulating the activities of the prosecutor aimed at removing the obstacles to the consideration and resolution of criminal cases and introduction of appropriate amendments and additions to normative legal acts that would coordinate the procedure for sending cases by the procurator for additional investigation in strict compliance with the fundamental principles of domestic criminal proceedings.

Analysis of Social Entrepreneurship Formation in St. Petersburg and Russian Regions

This article is based on the results of an empirical study of social entrepreneurship development in St. Petersburg and the Rus sian Federation regions. The study was aimed at analyzing the dynamics of social business, and identifying obstacles and barriers of its development. The difficulties faced by entre preneurs in the development of this form of business are clarified; the necessary measures to support social entrepreneurs are identified; recommendations on elimination of obstacles to its development are formulated.

Self-care Behaviors and Influential Factors among Nurses Working in the Hospitals of Tehran

Background: Nurses' self-care assessment and elimination of obstacles with appropriate interventions will have a great impact on their own health as well as the recipients of health services. This study was designed to evaluate self-care status among nurses in selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 310 nurses working in Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Data were collected by a questionnaire with 70 questions that was conducted to evaluate the health level in five dimensions. Data were analyzed by using the statistical tests of MANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The average scores of nurses' self-care in men and women were 244.1 and 245.3, respectively. The highest average score was for the supportive relationships dimension. There was a significant relationship between gender and self-care dimensions (P-value = 0.077). The average scores of self-care for nurses working in the emergency department, general department, surgical department, intensive care unit, and other sectors were 238.5, 247, 240.6, 245.6 and 251.1, respectively. There was a positive relation between supportive relationships dimension, age, and years of employment. In addition, there was a negative relation between the number of children and supportive relationships dimension (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that self-care among nurses in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences was moderately high, in a good and acceptable situation. However, there were poor scores in some areas and further study of the nurses’ self-care and its promoting strategies is still required.

University women in Salamanca in the first third of the 20th century: quantification and profiles

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, the educational issue took on a greater political dimension. This general impulse benefited women’s education, fostered by legislation developed since the mid-nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. The Royal Order of March 8, 1910 facilitated the path opened by its predecessors and was a real revulsive for those women who would like to enter the University. Our research focuses on this context and on how its access to the University of Salamanca occurred in the first third of the 20th century. The analysis of the fundamental sources allows us to quantify the number of students and their distribution by faculties and branches of studies, in addition to demonstrating to what extent the gradual elimination of obstacles, as a consequence of the new legislation, impelled their entrance in this University. The biographical fragments of the most relevant university students show us, as much as possible, their academic and vital trajectory and help us to end their invisibility.

Effect of Health Education on Health Perception and Preventive Health Behaviour of Populations at risk of Cholangiocarcinoma in Si Samran Subdistrict, Porncharoen District, Bueng Kan Province, Thailand

People in Si Samran subdistrict, Porncharoen district, Bueng Kan province have little awareness and perception of risk and severity of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). They still eat raw fish or other menu cooked with raw fish. Therefore, CCA prevention campaign should be done to enhance awareness and perception of this disease in order to reduce raw fish consuming behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education to populations at risk of CCA in Si Samran subdistrict by comparing health perception and preventive health behaviours before and after receiving health education. This study recruited 76 participants by purposive sampling technique to attend the health education for stop eating raw fish workshop. The workshop was applied based on the theory of Health Belief Model (HBM) and the activities comprised lecture of 1) signs and symptoms of CCA, 2) risk factors of CCA, 3) benefits of CCA prevention and group discussion about CCA preventive behaviours and barriers of behaviour modification. Data were collected with the questionnaire before and 3 months after the workshop. The questionnaire was adopted from Sangprach’s questionnaire which had been already tested for reliability (overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.89). Descriptive statistics were used to describe personal demographic data, level of health perception regarding CCA and level of CCA preventive behaviours. Inferential statistics (paired samples t-test) were used to compare the level of health perception regarding CCA and level of CCA preventive behaviours before and after attending the workshop. The results showed that a majority of 76 participants were female (68.4%), age group 40-50 years old (51.3%), married (89.5%), finished primary school (76.3%), employed in agriculture (61.8%), and had income more than 10,000 bath/month (40.8%). Participants had a higher level of 3 parts of health perception regarding CCA after the workshop, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived barriers but demonstrated a lower level of many CCA preventive behaviours except the behaviour “You do not eat mouldy food” level that was higher after attending the workshop. The recommendation for CCA preventive behaviour improvement is that health education should be focused on the elimination of obstacles or barriers in the community which obstructed the behaviour modification.

OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL-ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TACTICS IN PATIENTS WITH IMPACTED TEETH

Introduction: Impacted teeth is complex anomaly of teeth eruption that requires a balanced approach not only in the differential diagnosis of its forms, but choice of rational methods of treatment. The aim: Optimization of the tactics of orthodontic-surgical treatment of patients with impacted teeth based on the development and implementation of computed tomographic indices (KT) and photometric indices (FM) of opening of surgical access (OSA) to crowns of impacted teeth. Materials and methods:The results of treatment of 48 patients with delay of permanent teeth eruption have been analyzed. For an objective assessment of treatment results, a group of 24 (aged from 9 to 19 years old ) was formed. All 24 patients had typical clinical situation. Results: Orthodontic correction of patients envisaged, first of all, the elimination of obstacles in the way of teeth eruption, if necessary to provide space in dental arch and simultaneous treatment of associated bite malocclusions. Surgical exposure of impacted tooth crown was carried out and at the same time a triangular shaped guiding channel was formed, base of channel was at the impacted tooth and its angle finished into the dental arch. Precise dimensions and depth of the channel were preliminary planed on computed tomography slices with 3D reconstruction. Mean values of CT width (7,13±0,54mm), and length (6,42±0,78mm) of OSA and CT index (130,79±8,19%) of OSA to impacted teeth crowns were determined. Conclusion: To improve the quality of diagnosis and optimization of methodological approaches to treatment of patients with teeth impaction, we have proposed CT and FM OSA indices to the crowns of impacted teeth. The developed indices serve as specific reference points for optimization of diagnostic process, for reducing of probability of repeated surgical interventions and choosing the optimal path for instrumental orthodontic treatment of patients with impacted teeth.

CUMULATION AS A TOOL OF INTEGRATION IN THE ECONOMY OF GLOBAL CHAINS AND GROWING PROTECTIONISM

The article considers different kinds of cumulation of origin as instruments for softening the strict rules of origin of goods in regional trade agreements (RTAs) to stimulate cross-border exchange of goods in global value chains (GVC) between RTS members and beyond in the context of growing protectionism. Studies show that for countries with relatively limited opportunities for processing intermediate goods, raw material diagonal accumulation offers greater opportunities for participation in regional value chains, and for countries with limited natural resources but with the capacity to produce intermediate products under the GVСs, full cumulation suggests more opportunities in using tariff preferences under mega-regional trade initiatives, one of which is the Pan-Euro-Med Convention (PEM). In the post-Brexit trading model, cross-cumulation could support the UK’s participation in GVCs by introducing more flexible origin provisions. The use of full and cross-cumulation by countries within the FTA of the EAEU/CIS would facilitate the expansion of the free-trade zones of origin and stimulated the promotion of GVCs to the territory of the Commonwealth countries. Elimination of obstacles in the use of the rules of origin of the EAEU is a particularly urgent task in the light of the promotion of the idea of the formation of The Greater Eurasia with the center at the EAEU.

Priroda vanjskotrgovinskih odnosa SAD-a i EU-a s osvrtom na TTIP

Međuovisnost SAD-a i EU-a na ekonomskoj, političkoj i sigurnosnoj razini povijesno je bila izvor suradnje, ali i tenzija između dvaju globalno važnih gospodarstava. Snažne ekonomske, političke i sigurnosne spone SAD-a i EU-a omogućile su tim gospodarstvima stjecanje globalne nadmoći jer se radilo o sponama među najmoćnijima prema ekonomskim i obrazovnim kriterijima. Sa svrhom zadržavanja globalne premoći, SAD i EU se nastoje uskladiti što se tiče suvremenoga bilateralnog trgovinskog sporazuma visokih standarda, takozvanog TTIP-a. Cilj Transatlantskog sporazuma o trgovinskom i investicijskom partnerstvu je postići dogovor o daljnjoj liberalizaciji i povećanju tržišnog pristupa putem eliminacije prepreka u trgovini dobrima, uslugama i poljoprivrednim proizvodima te investicijama kao i o procedurama vezanim uz javnu nabavu. Važni ciljevi sporazuma su i povećanje regulatorne usklađenosti i kooperacije na području: vanjskotrgovinske i sigurnosne politike, investicija i razvoja novih pravila vezanih uz izravne strane investicije, prava koja proizlaze iz intelektualnog vlasništva, radničkih prava i ekoloških standarda. U ovom članku istaknut će se najvažnije nesuglasice između SAD-a i EU-a vezane uz tzv. TTIP s primarnom svrhom definiranja potencijalnih rizika za održivi rast gospodarstva EU-a u budućnosti.

Biological assets reporting: Is the increase in value caused by the biological transformation revenue?

Agricultural activity differs from other activities carried out by business units to achieve the profit. Agricultural activity is in comparison with other activities of business subjects dependent on the natural and environmental conditions, and therefore the agriculture specialization is narrowly connected with geographical position. The aim of the paper is to identify the possible obstacles in the practical application of the International Accounting Standard 41 (IAS 41) and to suggest the possible ways of their elimination. The comparative analysis of the currently applied rules for agricultural activity reporting and the analysis of the current accounting treatment of agricultural activity under the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) were the starting point of the research. This part serves as the basis for own research in which the authors are trying to identify the specifics of agricultural production, biological assets and biological transformation. More suitable methods for their recognition, measurement and reporting were suggested as an alternative to the current treatments. At the end, the results are also confronted with contemporary scientific literature on that topic, which is not very broad. The main reason for the research of the authors in this area is the possible elimination of obstacles in the practical application of the IAS 41.  

Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Founder's Lecture 2011: Inequalities and Inequities in Breastfeeding: An International Perspective

Breastfeeding is the biological norm for infant feeding but is also a social construct. As such, its rates and practices are determined by the same social determinants that shape health inequalities and inequities. In the past 30 years, several reports have drawn attention to the changing pattern of breastfeeding inequalities across countries and population groups. Breastfeeding rates tend to fall and rise following a similar pattern everywhere, although at different times and speed. The role of women within families and societies, the routines of maternity hospitals and other healthcare services, and the pressure exerted by the baby food industry are among the factors that influence the time and speed of changes in breastfeeding rates and practices across countries and population groups. Inequities (i.e., inequalities considered unfair and avoidable by reasonable action) can be redressed by interventions for the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding. Evidence-based and quality-implemented support and promotion activities, if applied without an equity lens, may increase inequities. Activities for the protection of breastfeeding (e.g., implementation and enforcement of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes; legislations, regulations, and policies to remove obstacles and barriers to good-quality breastfeeding support and to protect women and mothers in the workforce; elimination of obstacles and barriers to breastfeeding anywhere, anyhow, and anytime mothers want) apply to all women and are less dependent on take up by the target population. If well designed and enforced, protective interventions contribute to reducing inequalities and inequities and to delivering promotion and support activities more effectively.

Simplified planning regulations in Germany and the effects of landslides

In recent years, German laws pertaining to construction have been simplified with the goals of reducing administrative procedures and government expenditures. On the one hand, the new regulations are intended to simplify construction activities by the elimination of obstacles toward approval and by the simplification of governmental supervision procedures. On the other hand, a simplified approval process shifts the responsibility for compliance with building codes to the owners, consultants (architects, civil engineers, experts, etc.) and construction project managers. First experiences of damage to buildings show that streamlined construction approvals run the risk of neglecting basic geomorphologic and geologic fundamentals. Omissions are evident, which have led to failures at embankments and on building sites, causing considerable losses. The responsible administrations have reacted in different ways to the changed conditions, as far as they already are aware of the possible implications. In southern Lower Saxony State, the planning agencies have reacted to the growing responsibilities by attempting to determine at an early stage hazards in areas that are being developed. The practice aims to ensure that neither the planned construction activities nor the buildings themselves pose a threat for the residents. However, in the context of weighing these land-use decisions, it becomes apparent that in the future, administrative employees will have to be trained to foresee potential problems caused by the new regulations, while those affected by the decisions must receive advice on how to proceed. At the same time, latitudes and guidelines for dealing with geomorphologic hazards have to be defined.

Mexico City physicians' awareness about cervical cancer prevention: implications for cancer screening.

In spite of an early cancer detection program (CCSP), Mexico has a mortality rate for cervical cancer of 16.5 per 100,000 women. A cross-sectional study of 330 physicians at the Mexico City General Hospital evaluated their knowledge of the CCSP, etiology, diagnostic alternatives, and treatment guidelines. Variance analysis was the statistical procedure used. Replies to a questionnaire about cervical cancer prevention awareness were scored on a scale from 1 to 9. According to the awareness scale, the global average classification was 4.4, with 50% of the physicians scoring 4 or less. There was no difference in the CCSP knowledge scores of gynecologists (mean 4.92, 95% CI 4.2-5.3), oncologists (mean 4.85, 95% CI 4.3-5.5), pathologists (mean 5.23, 95% CI 4.9-5.6), and those in other specialties (mean 4.29, 95% CI 4.2-5.0), p > 0.05. Many respondents attributed CCSP's lack of effectiveness to public apathy (68.12%). The effectiveness of the CCSP can be improved by educating health professionals if this education is combined with elimination of obstacles to its use. More information is needed to justify revising how doctors are educated in terms of not only quality of the training but also the contents of pre- and postgraduate training programs.

Software designing in the field of control engineering

The paper describes the software design cycle in the field of control engineering computer applications. The designing should approach the general designing cycle as closely as possible. For the elimination of obstacles and a higher success of designing, different methods are used. Some methods of designing are worked out. An adequate method in the field of control engineering was the black box method. An example of designing is shown on the development of PADSIM programme (Programme for Analog Digital SIMulation).

New access to the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract

In 83 patients, cholecystectomy was performed from the median approach using rack retractors. Incisional hernia was detected in 1 of them, or in 1.2%, while in the group of patients who underwent cholecystectomy through oblique approaches, incisional hernia developed in 9.1% - in 3 of 33 operated patients. Optimality of access was studied by measuring the depth of the wound before and after correction, with the elimination of obstacles (liver and right costal arch). In order to eliminate interference, a universal rack-mount expander for the liver and gallbladder has been designed.

An Ethical View on Remittances and Labor Migration

The present contribution defends that remittances should be taken into account and integrated into an ethical framework on migration. This main thesis is two-fold. First, we argue that if a normative approach to migration is to claim practical relevance, it should integrate remittances as a relevant empirical parameter into an ethical framework. The empirical assessment of the scientific evidence available on remittances therefore proves to be extremely important. Secondly, assuming that remittances have to be taken seriously, we consider their positive and negative impacts against two backgrounds. First, we emphasize the increased autonomy of persons who pull themselves and their dependents out of economic hardship. Second, affluent states who enable this process through their labor legislation contribute to the fulfillment of their duty of assistance. In this respect, our thesis is to claim that remittances should be considered as an amplifying factor for normative arguments in favor of a liberalization of labor migration. Remittances stand for a liberal way of fulfilling a responsibility to help, namely through the elimination of obstacles which in turn allow people to support themselves and lead an autonomous life.