Elimination Of Microorganisms Research Articles

The effect of curcumin 1% methanolic extract on the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-8, Matrix Metalloproteinase-13, neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte counts in Porphyromonas gingivalis induced periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveHailed as one of the most fundamental and important treatment in management of periodontal disease, scalling and root planning has limitations regarding microorganism elimination. Meanwhile, turmeric has been proven to have a therapeutic effect on gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aimed to analyze the impact of curcumin 1% methanolic extract on the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-8, Matrix Metalloproteinase -13, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte number in the gingiva of Wistar rats exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria (P. gingivalis). Materials and methodsThe experimental animals used were Wistar rats, arbitrarilly split up into three experimental groups namely: normal, control (induced with periodontitis, received no treatment), and treatment (Periodontitis with 1% curcumin treatment). The samples were taken from the gingival tissue of the mandibular incisors on 1 and 7 days. Immunohistochemical and Hematoxylin Eosin staining were performed to measure the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Matrix Metalloproteinase-8, Matrix Metalloproteinase-13, and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Data were analyzed for mean standard deviation. The Oneway ANOVA was then performed to see whether there is a significant difference between experimental groups, the test then commenced with Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test with a significance level (α=0.05). ResultsMMP-8, MMP-13, neutrophil, and lymphocyte numbers in the treatment groups were significantly lower with P<0.05 than in the control groups in the 1 and 7 days. Meanwhile, in MMP-1 and macrophage numbers the difference was deemed not significant when control and treatment groups are compared. ConclusionThe administration of 1% curcumin can significantly reduce the expression of MMP-8, MMP-13, neutrophil and lymphocyte cell numbers, but there is no reducing the number of macrophage cells and MMP-1 expression in gingiva of Wistar rats exposed to P. gingivalis bacteria.

Effect of Magnetic Field and UV-C Radiation on Postharvest Fruit Properties

This review focuses on the recent information on the effect of different types of magnetic fields (MFs) and ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) on the processes that may finally affect fruit quality and its storage potential. Firstly, the biological effect of MFs on every plant’s growth and development level is described. The magnetic field interacts with a plant’s metabolism and changes the permeability of membranes affecting cells’ homeostasis. It also could affect early seedling development, stimulating enzyme activity and protein synthesis, and later on nutrient and water uptake of adult plants. In some cases, it makes plants more resilient, increasing their tolerance to environmental stresses. Also, MF treatment could lower the disease index of plants, thus improving the internal and external fruit quality indices. The second part of this review focuses on interesting perspectives of using UV-C radiation to reduce postharvest fruit diseases, but also to delay fruit ripening and senescence. The application of UV-C light to combat postharvest infections is associated with two mechanisms of action, such as direct elimination of microorganisms located on the fruit surface and indirect triggering of the plant’s defense reaction. Moreover, the use of hormetic doses of UV-C can additionally increase the nutritional properties of fresh fruit, lead to the accumulation of desired phytochemicals such as polyphenols, for example, to increase anthocyanin or resveratrol content, or elevate antioxidant activity.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY OF COMPLICATED FORMS OF DENTAL CARIES USING AN ER,CR:YSGG LASER WITH A WAVELENGTH OF 2780 NM

The use of laser technologies in the treatment of complicated forms of dental caries is a promising area of dentistry.&#x0D; To determine the effectiveness of therapy for complicated forms of dental caries by using an erbium-chromium laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm for biomechanical treatment of root canals&#x0D; 106 patients were examined, divided into 3 clinical groups. The first (control) group included 15 patients, whose treatment was carried out by a generally accepted method. The second group consisted of 50 patients who, at the second visit, immediately before root canal obturation, were treated with erbium-chromium laser radiation.&#x0D; The third group of patients was treated in one visit and divided into two subgroups. In group 3-A , the root canal was irradiated with a laser with factory settings, and in group 3-B , the frequency and power of the laser were increased from 20 to 40 Hz and from 1.25 to 1.5 Watts.&#x0D; Results and discussion. In the first group, 59 microorganisms from all 17 strains were seeded before the treatment of the root canal system of teeth with chlorine-containing disinfectants. After treatment, the seeding rate of Streptococcus mitis decreased from 40 to 13%, Streptococcus intermedius from 20 to 6.6%, Enterococcus spp from 33.3 to 13.3%, Candida spp. from 33.3 to 20%. In group 2, after the application of a hydrokinetic laser, none of the 17 strains sown before treatment were sown. The use of a hydrokinetic laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm in the factory settings in group 3A (power 1.25 W, pulse frequency 20 Hz, air 10%, water off) left microorganisms from the genus Candida spp (5.5%) not neutralized. The combined use of the traditional protocol and the hydrokinetic Er,Cr:YSGG laser in group 3B made it possible to achieve complete elimination of microorganisms from those sown before treatment (p 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion. Treatment of purulent pulpitis and pulp necrosis in one visit is recommended to be carried out with a hydrokinetic Er,Cr:YSGG laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm with increased parameters: power – 1.5 W, frequency – 40 Hz, air – 35%, water – 25%.

Emerging contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms elimination in secondary effluent by graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic ozonation processes

The complexity of water contaminants, both chemical and biological requires an efficient and feasible treatment alternative. Herein, the photocatalytic ozonation treatment using graphitic carbon nitride catalysts was effectively applied for the elimination of a mixture of targeted chemical contaminants, and both Escherichia coli bacteria and Human polyomavirus JC (JC virus) in real secondary wastewater. The exfoliation treatment was compared in catalysts prepared using urea and melamine as precursors. The physical treatment provided no significant enhancement in the urea-based catalyst, while the improvement in the structure of the melamine-based (36MCN) material and formation of melem heterojunction increased its catalytic properties. In both sets of contaminants, the photocatalytic ozonation systems were superior to photolytic ozonation, especially regarding ozone consumption. The best catalyst, 36MCN, resulted in a decrease of 57.5%, 33.0% and 29.0% in the ozone dose required to eliminate chemical, bacteria and virus contaminants, respectively. The hydroxyl radicals were also shown as a key responsible for the pollutant’s elimination. The higher radical production and decomposition of ozone are possible indications of the better performance of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic ozonation, as an efficient tertiary wastewater alternative.

Cold sterilization of coconut water by membrane technology and UV-C

Coconut water contains amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants, and mineral, which are beneficial for human health. However, rapid degradation of coconut water due to the presence of protein, fat, and microbes has led to short shelf life and coconut water’s rancidity. Sterilization of coconut water by heat treatment has been proven to be effective in microorganism elimination, but results in major changes of coconut water’s sensory attributes. In this research, cold sterilization of coconut water was conducted by using ultrafiltration membrane and UV-C to preserve the sensory properties and nutritional components in coconut water. The radiation dose of UV-C and operating pressure of ultrafiltration membrane was varied to obtain the optimum operating condition. The sterilization process by UV-C did not remove fat and protein, which are the rancidity-causing components. In ultrafiltration sterilization, fat and protein can be removed by 74% and 31.37%. Superior microorganism elimination by ultrafiltration was obtained at 99.9999%, compared to that by UV-C at 90%. The ultrafiltration also retained the coconut water’s pH, total soluble solid, and flavor, while improved its clarity. At optimum operating pressure of 0.25 bar, the coconut water’s shelf life of 3 days, according to the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), can be achieved.

Fabrication of a WO3-Bi2WO6 Composite Electrode by Electrodeposition and its Application for Microbial Degradation

Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) techniques are an innovative and promising method for eliminating microorganisms. Developing and applying such advanced technologies is essential for protecting public health and the environment. Semiconductor electrode development is a major issue in the advancement of such methods. We have developed a technique for fabricating WO3-Bi2WO6 electrodes using cyclic voltammetry (CV), focusing on the efficiency of the reaction and investigating key aspects for its use in microbial degradation. The optimization of the CV method parameter and calcination temperature was conducted in order to enhance the characteristics of composite WO3-Bi2WO6 electrodes for the aqueous oxidation process. The properties of the fabricated composited WO3-Bi2WO6 electrode were analyzed by several techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEC water oxidation and total microorganism elimination efficiencies were investigated to validate the application of the developed composite WO3-Bi2WO6 electrode properties. The characteristics of the prepared composite WO3-Bi2WO6 electrodes are significantly influenced by the calcination temperature. We were able to satisfactorily verify the electrodes' properties in a reaction involving different calcining temperatures. At a calcining temperature of 450 °C, WO3-Bi2WO6 electrodes exhibited excellent PEC activity in water oxidation and electron transfer rate at the electrode surface. The composited WO3-Bi2WO6 electrode can effectively remove 96% of total microorganisms under the PEC process within 15 minutes. This study provides important background information for future work on composite semiconductor thin film preparations with potential applications in microbe eradication and environmental protection.

Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin from Crotalus aquilus, and the Vcn-23 Derivative Peptide, Have Anti-Microbial Activity against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria.

Anti-microbial peptides play a vital role in the defense mechanisms of various organisms performing functions that range from the elimination of microorganisms, through diverse mechanisms, to the modulation of the immune response, providing protection to the host. Among these peptides, cathelicidins, a well-studied family of anti-microbial peptides, are found in various animal species, including reptiles. Due to the rise in anti-microbial resistance, these compounds have been suggested as potential candidates for developing new drugs. In this study, we identified and characterized a cathelicidin-like peptide called Aquiluscidin (Aq-CATH) from transcripts obtained from the skin and oral mucosa of the Querétaro's dark rattlesnake, Crotalus aquilus. The cDNA was cloned, sequenced, and yielded a 566-base-pair sequence. Using bioinformatics, we predicted that the peptide precursor contains a signal peptide, a 101-amino-acid conserved cathelin domain, an anionic region, and a 34-amino-acid mature peptide in the C-terminal region. Aq-CATH and a derived 23-amino-acid peptide (Vcn-23) were synthesized, and their anti-microbial activity was evaluated against various species of bacteria in in vitro assays. The minimal inhibitory concentrations against bacteria ranged from 2 to 8 μg/mL for both peptides. Furthermore, at concentrations of up to 50 μM, they exhibited no significant hemolytic activity (<2.3% and <1.2% for Aquiluscidin and Vcn-23, respectively) against rat erythrocytes and displayed no significant cytotoxic activity at low concentrations (>65% cell viability at 25 µM). Finally, this study represents the first identification of an antimicrobial peptide in Crotalus aquilus, which belongs to the cathelicidin family and exhibits the characteristic features of these peptides. Both Aq-CATH and its derived molecule, Vcn-23, displayed remarkable inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for further antimicrobial research.

Pilot-scale sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation for wastewater reuse: simultaneous disinfection, removal of contaminants of emerging concern, and antibiotic resistance genes

Wastewater reuse addresses water scarcity, but contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose health and environmental risks. The European Union (EU) has enacted Regulation (EU) 2020/741, establishing wastewater reuse standards for agriculture. This study evaluates for the first time the effectiveness of four sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs), based on the combination of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with O3 and H2O2, applied at pilot plant, for the simultaneous elimination of microorganisms, CECs, and ARGs, in actual urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents. The system PMS/H2O2/UV-A improved the disinfection effectiveness, compared to PMS/UV-A, especially using a molar ratio 1:3 (0.5 mM PMS:1.5 mM H2O2), achieving complete elimination of total aerobic microorganisms in 90 min. However, this double oxidation system, does not improve CECs removal compared to PMS/UV-A in neither of the two molar ratios studied (1:1 or 1:3), and none of these treatments significantly reduced the prevalence of ARGs. However, the PMS/O3 system demonstrated the ability to remove total aerobic microorganisms in 20 min and Escherichia coli in 5 min, 94 % of CECs, and 6 out of the 8 ARGs, demonstrating to be the most effective treatment. However, the system showed phytotoxicity, inhibiting seed growth by 10–30 %, probably associated with the by-products formed in the reaction between organic matter and ozone. This result highlights that SR-AOPs are promising processes with the capability to achieve the simultaneous removal of different contaminant groups, reducing the risks associated with wastewater reuse. Their application at larger scales is increasingly closer.

A novel approach for sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drinks: Membrane‐based nonthermal processes

AbstractThe applicability of microfiltration (MF) and osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) for sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drink constituents, such as Curcuma xanthorrhiza, ginger, lime, Java tea, and sappan wood extracts, was evaluated in this study. MF showed excellent performance in microorganisms elimination, turbidity reduction, and maintaining antihyperglycemic activity performance. However, a reduction of total phenol and antioxidant activity were observed due to the retention by MF. Fouling in MF was challenging and resulted in rapid flux decline. The concentration of sterilized extracts by OMD operation resulted in a concentration factor of 1.15, 1.13, 1.10, 1.24, and 1.24 for ginger, lime, C. xanthorrhiza, Java tea, and sappan wood, respectively. The active compounds were well preserved, with a maximum of 20% reduction compared to sterilized extracts. Despite insignificant foulant deposition, the OMD flux in tests using C. xanthorrhiza, ginger, and lime as the feed decreased over time, indicating reduced driving force.Practical applicationsThe application of membrane technology for juices and liquid foods sterilization and concentration has been widely researched. In this research, we evaluated the performance of MF and OMD for the sterilization and concentration of traditional functional drinks. The results indicated that the functional drink can be sterilized by MF with excellent preservation of the active compounds, such as those responsible for the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities. The OMD could also concentrate the traditional functional drink, even though concentration polarization posed a challenge to flux stability. The degradation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the concentrated traditional functional drink was at a minimal value, indicating the promising application of MF and OMD. We believe this article provides new and exciting insights to push forward the sterilization and concentration process in industrial scale.

Hypericin as a promising natural bioactive naphthodianthrone: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety.

Hypericin can be derived from St. John's wort, which is widely spread around the world. As a natural product, it has been put into clinical practice such as wound healing and depression for a long time. In this article, we review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety of hypericin, aiming to introduce the research advances and provide a full evaluation of it. Turns out hypericin, as a natural photosensitizer, exhibits an excellent capacity for anticancer, neuroprotection, and elimination of microorganisms, especially when activated by light, potent anticancer and antimicrobial effects are obtained after photodynamic therapy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic effects involve the induction of cell death, inhibition of cell cycle progression, inhibition of the reuptake of amines, and inhibition of virus replication. The pharmacokinetics properties indicate that hypericin has poor water solubility and bioavailability. The distribution and excretion are fast, and it is metabolized in bile. The toxicity of hypericin is rarely reported and the conventional use of it rarely causes adverse effects except for photosensitization. Therefore, we may conclude that hypericin can be used safely and effectively against a variety of diseases. We hope to provide researchers with detailed guidance and enlighten the development of it.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Six Different Low-Surface-Tension Vehicles on the Penetration of Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste in Dentinal Tubules: An In Vitro Study.

Background Modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) helps in the elimination of microorganisms which is imperative for the success of endodontic therapy. The intracanal medicament powders must be mixed with vehicles for better handling and penetration in the root canals. The purpose of this study is to comparethe effect of six low-surface-tension vehicles on the penetration of MTAP in dentinal tubules. Methodology The root apices of 60 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were resected to obtain 12mm length. After biomechanical preparation,intracanal medicaments were prepared by mixing with the six vehicles (Group 1-Bupivacaine,Group 2- Sodium ether lauryl sulfate,Group 3- Neosporin H,Group 4- Chlorhexidine gluconate,Group 5- Chitosan, and Group 6- Polyethylene glycol) with MTAP and Rhodamine B dye. Middle and apical transverse sections were scanned under a confocal laser scanning microscope. The data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and the level of significance was p<0.05. Results The maximum depth of penetration was seen in Group 2 (MTAP with sodium ether lauryl sulfate) followed by Group 5 (MTAP with chitosan),Group 4 (MTAP with chlorhexidine gluconate),Group 1 (MTAP with bupivacaine),and Group 6 (MTAP with polyethylene glycol),and the least penetration by Group 3(MTAP with Neosporin H). The depth of penetration in the middle level was in the order of Group 2 followed by Group 4,Group 5, Group 3,Group 6, and Group 1. The depth of penetration in the apical level was in the order of Group 2 followed by Group 5,Group 1,Group 4,Group 6,and Group 3. The overall depth of penetration was significantly higher at the middle level than at the apical level. Conclusion Group sodium ether lauryl sulfate showed the maximum depth of penetration in both the middle and apical areas. The least depth of penetration in the middle area was seen in group bupivacaine andthe apical area by group Neosporin H.

Përdorimi i diod lazerit në mjekimin endodontik te periodontitet apikale kronike

The complete elimination of microorganisms from the root canal is difficult due to the complex anatomy of the canal, the microbial invasion of the dentinal tubules, and the for- mation of the intracanal biofilm, which gives rise to contin- uous apical periodontitis. The use of lasers in the treatment of caries complications has led to the improvement of various endodontic diagnoses. The aim is to provide clin- ical-radiological data on increasing the effectiveness and quality of endodontic treatment, using a diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm and a laser power of 0.8–1.0 W in the radicular canals, in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Materials and methods: Eighty-four patients aged between 20 and 70 years were treated, with a total number of teeth of 91; of these, 64 were mono radicular and 27 multi radicular. We divided the patients into two groups; where the first group was the control one, with 40 patients in which 30 single-root teeth and 11 multi- root teeth were selected and treated with the traditional method by performing chemical-mechanical processes. The second group, which was the study one, treated 44 patients from which 36 single-root teeth with chronic peri- odontitis with periapical destruction and 14 multi-root teeth were selected; in this group, in addition to the chemical-mechanical processes, was also applied the diode laser with a wavelength of 980 nm. The cases were observed clinically and radiologically in dynamics for a period of time ranging from 6 to 12 months. Results: We highlighted that the number of complications in chronic apical periodontitis was reduced to a large per- centage in the diode laser group (study group), which achieved 96 % success after 12 months and 4 % failure. As for the control group, there were many complications in the first 6 months and after 12 months, where the final result was 78.1% success, while complications were 21.9%. Conclusions: The quality of root canal treatment with the traditional endodontic treatment protocol has not been sufficient to achieve a clinical effect for a long time. Modification of this protocol by diode laser processing showed high-quality sterilization of canals and rapid reduction of de- structive focus by stimulating osteogenesis.

Efficacy of Laser-Activated Irrigation Versus Ultrasonic-Activated Irrigation: A Systematic Review.

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and critical analysis of the evidence pertaining to the efficacy of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) versus ultrasonic-activated irrigation (UAI) in mature permanent teeth. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Additionally, a hand search was performed to identify relevant studies related to UAI and LAI. The search covered all articles published from January 1997 to December 2021. The identified studies were screened for eligibility using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included articles were then subjected to data extraction and analysis. The search yielded 1,637 results. Of these, 23 articles were included in this systematic review. All included articles were assessed for the outcomes of antimicrobial efficacy, smear layer, and dentin debris removal. The majority of the articles reported the superiority of LAI over UAI. Within the confines of this systematic review, the current evidence mandates that LAI has superior efficacy over UAI in the elimination of microorganisms, dentin debris, and smear layer from the root canal system.

Silver Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Applications in Endodontics: A Narrative Review

The efficient elimination of microorganisms and their byproducts from infected root canals is compromised by the limitations in conventional root canal disinfection strategies and antimicrobials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are advantageous for root canal disinfection, mainly due to their wide-spectrum anti-microbial activity. Compared to other commonly used nanoparticulate antibacterials, AgNPs have acceptable antibacterial properties and relatively low cytotoxicity. Owing to their nano-scale, AgNPs penetrate deeper into the complexities of the root canal systems and dentinal tubules, as well as enhancing the antibacterial properties of endodontic irrigants and sealers. AgNPs gradually increase the dentin hardness in endodontically treated teeth and promote antibacterial properties when used as a carrier for intracanal medication. The unique properties of AgNPs make them an ideal additive for different endodontic biomaterials. However, the possible side effects of AgNPs, such as cytotoxicity and tooth discoloration potential, merits further research.

Analysis of the level of optopedical rehabilitation in studying the microbiome and evaluation of the degree of fixation of removable plated prosthesis.

The widespread use of traditional removable prosthetics is explained by the relative simplicity of the technological stages of manufacture and determines its availability. The development of prosthetic stomatitis of the oral cavity is facilitated by poor fixation and stabilization of removable orthopedic structures. Microbiome biofilms formed on the surface of dental orthopedic structures can help reduce their service life and cause an inflammatory process of the oral cavity of microbial etiology during dental prosthetics in the process of orthopedic rehabilitation. The purpose of the study: to assess the level of adaptation of patients during orthopedic rehabilitation based on the study of the microbiome and the assessment of the degree of fixation of removable lamellar dentures. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the microbiome of prostheses at the stages of orthopedic pealitation were assessed; facultative anaerobic species belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella prevailed;noted the elimination of microorganisms of the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacterium, yeast-like fungi of the species Candida albicans were isolated. An analysis of the index of fixation of prostheses showed an increase depending on the duration of use; a good level of fixation of prostheses was established in groups of patients.

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Two Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers Incorporated with Novel Silica Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: The success of Root Canal Treatment (RCT), depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms in combination with complete root canal system closure. Complete elimination of bacteria cannot be done by cleaning and shaping alone from lateral canals, isthmuses, and apical deltas. Thus, root canal sealers with ideal physical, biological, and improved antimicrobial characteristics are thus, necessary to avoid reinfections. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of two Bioceramic (Bio-C) modified root canal sealers, using Silica Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (SiTiO2 ), a unique, extremely effective antibacterial agent on root canal dentin infected with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology at Sree Sai Dental College and Research Institute, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was done in August 2022. The antibacterial efficacy of the two Bio-C sealers was evaluated by counting Colony Forming Units (CFU) and the percentage of live bacteria by a confocal laser scanning microscope. A total of 60 middle thirds of single-rooted teeth incubated with E.faecalis were chosen. Gutta-percha (GP) was used to fill the canals along with sealers in all six groups (group I-VI), namely Mineral Trioxide Aggregate based (MTA Fillapex); MTA Fillapex+SiTiO2 NPs (1% wt); MTA Fillapex +2% wt SiTiO2 NPs; Bio-C; Bio-C+ 1% wt SiTiO2 NPs; Bio-C+ 2% wt SiTiO2 NPs respectively, and incubated for seven days, each tooth was divided into two halves longitudinally. Microbiological analysis was conducted on one half, and microscopic analysis on the other half. The six groups were compared using a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and intergroup comparison with Tukey’s post-hoc tests. Results: The addition of SiTiO2 NPs to Bio-C and MTA Fillapex significantly reduced the bacteria, compared to an unmodified sealer (p-value&lt;0.001). MTA Fillapex with SiTiO2 NPs showed higher bacterial viability compared with Bio-C with SiTiO2 NPs. Conclusion: Loading endodontic sealers with SiTiO2 NPs has a material-dependent impact on the antibacterial properties, that could lower the frequency of secondary infections.

The effect of the multi-strain probiotic preparation EM Bokashi® on selected parameters of the cellular immune response in pigs

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the effect of effective microorganisms on selected parameters of the cellular immune response in the colostrum and milk of sows and in the serum of suckling piglets. A total of 60 female crossbred sows and 60 female piglets were used in the experiment. The material for analysis comprised colostrum and milk collected from sows and blood samples from piglets. Immune response parameters were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA kits. The results showed high expression of CD4-CD25-FoxP3, CD4, and CD25 in the colostrum and milk of sows and of CD4, CD8 in piglet blood. The use of EM Bokashi® as a feed supplement for sows during colostrogenesis stimulates cellular immune mechanisms, expressed by an increase in the Treg cell population in the colostrum and milk, which contributes to effective elimination of microorganisms in the first period of piglets’ life.

Chemical Agent of Control: Assessment of Effect of Contact Time on Antimicrobial Activity of Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizers

Antiseptic solutions used to minimize or remove bacteria or infectious agents on the hands are known as hand sanitizers. The influence of contact time on the antibacterial activity of hand sanitizers was investigated in this study. Standard laboratory techniques were used to evaluate five brands of hand sanitizers, designated as samples A, B, C, D, and E. Before applying the hand sanitizer, five human volunteers utilized the impression method to inoculate plates of various sterile culture media (control) and after 5 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes intervals (tests) after application. Sample E had the least effective contact duration of one (1) minute, whereas sample D had the longest effective contact time of 15 minutes. All the brands were effective against Enterococcus species. In general, there was a considerable decrease in the number of colonies detected before using the hand sanitizer within one minute contact time. There was also a pattern where specific organisms were more vulnerable to one brand but not the other. According to the findings, an average of 1 to 15 minutes contact time resulted in the most substantial reduction and elimination of microorganisms identified in control plates, and is thus recommended as the most effective contact period. More so, individuals are encouraged to make use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers regularly especially where hand washing with water and soap is not easily accessible. It is also recommended that hand sanitizers are re-applied on the handsat least within every 30-60 minutes as result from this study suggests.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Intracanal Medications on Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm: A Comparative In-Vitro Study

The total elimination of microorganisms during endodontic therapy, although it is desired, is difficult to achieve. Even after canal filling, microorganisms can be in the dentin mass and periapical region. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial efficacy of different intracanal medications on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. It was used reference microorganisms, Enterococcus faecalis NEWP0012, where the bacterial suspension was seeded uniformly on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar. The plates were incubated under aerobic conditions, at a constant temperature in the range of 35°C-37°C, for 24 hours. The intracanal medications tested were: G1 Calcium hydroxide associated with 2% Chlorhexidine, G2 Calcium hydroxide associated with ozone stratum, G3 Calcium hydroxide associated with paramonochlorophenol, G4 Calcium hydroxide associated with Otosporin®, G5 Calcium hydroxide, G6 2% Chlorhexidine, G7 Ozone extract, G8 Paramonochlorophenol, G9 Otosporin®, G10 Saline solution, G11 Calcium hydroxide associated with iodoform, G12 Iodoform, G13 Calcium hydroxide associated with NDP, G14 NDP. After handling the materials, they were impregnated on 5 mm diameter absorbent paper discs and distributed equidistantly on the plates seeded with the microorganism. The experimental data were obtained by measuring the zone of inhibition within 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days. In this way, the microorganism was classified as resistant or sensitive to the different products. The test was reproduced 3times. After analysis, it was observed that within 24 hours, 7 hours, and 7 days, only the groups G1 Calcium hydroxide associated with 2% chlorhexidine (18mm of halo of inhibition), G5 Calcium hydroxide (13mm of halo of inhibition), G6 2% chlorhexidine (16mm of halo of inhibition) and G9 Otosporin® (9 mm of halo of inhibition) showed a halo of inhibition in the time intervals. However, the groups did not show halo of inhibition, being ineffective against E. faecalis. According to the obtained data, chlorhexidine gel 2% showed larger halos of inhibition, however, calcium hydroxide was associated with chlorhexidine gel 2%, calcium hydroxide and Otosporin®. Therefore, new research with different methods should be used to verify the efficacy of the medications used, since they presented divergence compared to another research already carried out.

Association of Ozoniotherapy to Endodontics, aiming at the tissue repair of periapical lesions - a literature review / Associação da Ozonioterapia à Endodontia, visando o reparo tecidual de lesões periapicais – uma revisão de literatura

Introduction: The success of endodontic treatment is related to the cleaning and elimination of microorganisms and their by-products present in root canals for periapical tissue repair. Objective: To verify the efficacy of ozone (O3) as an adjunct in the therapeutic protocol of Endodontics, aiming to assist in tissue repair of periapic lesions. Methods: This is a literature review, in which scientific articles were researched, from the last 10 years, using the databases of pubmed, scielo, vhl and EBSCOhost platforms, and applying the keywords: "Ozone", "Dentistry", "Endodontics" and "Complementary therapy". Results and Discussion: The applicability of O3 is directly dependent on the performance of the well-executed endodontic treatment, to determine the best way of presenting it, increasing its effectiveness. However, during the preparation of the conduits, ozone can be used in the form of gas, being used within them, with antimicrobial purpose, highlighting the oxidative property that allows better distribution of blood flow to the tissues involved, allowing the acceleration of healing in periapic and periodontal tissues in order to stimulate tissue repair. Ozonized water can be used within the root canal, assisting in disinfection of the conduits; and ozonized oil as an intracanal dressing, both of which can be used alone or together. Conclusion: Ozone therapy is an aggregator in endodontic therapy, since it has three forms of use and several important properties to be added to the treatment, highlighting its gaseous form for assisting in the acceleration of the healing of tissue and bone repair of periapic lesions.