Elimination Of Metabolic Products Research Articles

The Function of Sleep and the Treatment of Primary Insomnia.

Approximately 21 900 women and 35 300 men developed lung cancer in Germany in 2018, and 16 999 women and 27 882 men died of it. The outcome mainly depends on the tumor stage. In early stages (stage I or II), treatment can be curative; unfortunately, because early-stage lung cancers are generally asymptom - atic, 74% of women and 77% of men already have advanced-stage disease (stage III or IV) at the time of diagnosis. Screening with low-dose computed tomography is an option enabling early diagnosis and curative treatment. This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective search of the literature on screening for lung cancer. In the studies of lung cancer screening that have been published to date, sensitivity ranged from 68.5% to 93.8%, and specificity from 73.4% to 99.2%. A meta-analysis by the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection revealed a 15% reduction in lung cancer mortality when low-dose computed tomography was used in persons who were judged to be at high risk for lung cancer (risk ratio [RR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [0.77; 0.95]). 1.9% of subjects died in the screening arm of the meta-analysis, and 2.2% in the control group. The observation periods ranged from 6.6 to 10 years; false-positive rates ranged from 84.9% to 96.4%. Malignant findings were confirmed in 45% to 70% of the biopsies or resective procedures that were performed. Systematic lung cancer screening with low-dose CT lowers mortality from lung cancer in (current or former) heavy smokers. This benefit must be weighed against the high rate of false-positive findings and overdiagnoses.

Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity Cases in Some Tertiary Care Hospitals of Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Study

Pharmaceutical preparations are currently significant contributors to liver illness, in which hepatotoxicity being the most common cause of Acute liver failure .The liver is a vital organ, its strategic location and multidimensional functions support almost every other organ in the body. It is the main organ for metabolism, elimination of metabolic products and hepatotoxicity is a potential adverse effect for most of the drugs particularly Anti-tubercular drugs, general anaesthetics, paracetamol and some Anti-cancer drugs. Liver sometimes can be damaged by some chemicals called hhepatotoxins such as galactosamine and chloroform. Moreover steroids, vaccines and anti-viral drugs which are used as treatment option for liver diseases, may produce adverse effects especially after chronic administration. The main objective of our study is to assess the frequency of drugs causing the severity of Hepatotoxicity in patients in a tertiary care hospitals. A prospective observational study was carried out in 3 different tertiary care hospitals at Andhra Pradesh, India. It was found that males are more prone to hepatotoxicity compared to females, as well as the age group 25-64 years (67%) are more hepatotoxic compared to above 65years (15%) age group. So there is a need of awareness in patients and physicians to consider the drug induced hepatotoxicity while giving the treatment, in which most of the cases it was being left unconsidered and finally leading to hepatotoxicity starting with mild and moderate stages.

Metabolic analysis of the effect of rheum on a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis rat model

ABSTRACT The effects of rheum on serum parameters in a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) rat model were investigated using pathological and biochemical tests, and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabonomic strategy. Healthy rats and rats with AP were either treated with rheum (7.5% at a dose of 1.5 g/kg) or left untreated. Serum samples were collected from the AP and rheum-treated groups at 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment. The effect of rheum on pathological changes in the pancreatic was investigated to validate the AP model. We obtained 1H NMR spectra and analyzed the results using the partial least squares discriminant method. The results of the pathological and metabolic analyses revealed an amelioration of multiple metabolic abnormalities and an increase in the aerobic respiration ratio after treatment, compared with the AP groups. These results were attributed to improvements in energy supply and the elimination of metabolic products. The study also promoted NMR-based metabonomic analysis as a feasible method of assessing traditional Chinese drugs.

Human Chorionic Villus Stem Cells May Contribute to Endogenous Factor VIII Production during Gestation

INTRODUCTION: The placenta is an organ that plays a vital role in providing nutrition, elimination of metabolic products and gas exchange for the growing fetus. Major organs that play these roles in an adult are undergoing development during gestation. The liver, a metabolic organ with a variety of endocrine and exocrine functions including the synthesis of coagulation proteins, is the major site of hematopoiesis at 11-15 weeks during gestation. Production of coagulation proteins during gestation remains unclear. We investigated the potential of very early gestation human chorionic villus mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) for Factor VIII (FVIII) mRNA and production of biologically active FVIII.METHODOLOGY: PMSCs were isolated from human placenta at 9-13 weeks of gestational age by tissue explant culture and characterized via flow cytometry for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers. Tri-lineage differentiation of PMSCs was investigated by inducing PMSCs in different culture conditions. Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on cell lysates using FVIII primers. Chromogenic assay was performed on culture medium of PMSCs and HUVECs (negative control) after 72 hours in culture. Human plasma was used as positive control.RESULTS: PMSCs isolated from preterm human placenta were plastic adherent, showed spindle-shaped morphology and demonstrated expression of MSC markers CD105, CD90, CD73, CD44, and CD29, and did not express CD184, HLA-DR or hematopoietic and endothelial markers CD45, CD34 and CD31. Tri-lineage differentiation potential into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages was observed under different culture conditions. These results show multi-potency and a surface marker profile analogous to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). PCR analysis revealed FVIII mRNA expression on PMSCs and was negative on HUVECs. Chromogenic assay showed ~0.4 U/ml on PMSCs and ~0.1 U/ml in HUVECs.CONCLUSION: Here we report that early gestation PMSCs express and secrete biologically active FVIII. Further studies using different gestational ages of the placenta is needed to understand the potential contribution of chorionic villus to FVIII production during gestation. DisclosuresPowell:CSL Behring: Employment.

A review of physiological and metabolic effects of essential amino acids.

The authors review ten essential amino acids with regard to their metabolic, physiologic and therapeutic effects throughout the human body. Physical properties of these biologically active compounds are discussed as a foundation for their diverse roles in special nitrogen containing products, neurotransmitters, and as alternative energy sources. Both normal and abnormal amino acid metabolism are considered in the areas of digestion, elimination of metabolic products, metabolic intermediates, and defects in these systems. Recent developments in therapeutic applications are further examined for clinical utility and as an economical alternative to traditional clinical treatment modalities.