Elevator Cab Research Articles

Integral methodology of materials and dimensional optimization adapted to product design

This paper describes the development of an integral methodology for the material selection and dimensional optimization adapted to product design. The methodology proposes the use of genetic algorithms in order to approach the optimization of materials and dimensions in multi-material structures. Three innovative aspects are included in this methodology: pre-treatment of the material data and its clustering, definition of objectives and post-processing of the results obtained on the possible solutions in order to select the best one according to additional opinions imposed by the designer. The methodology has been implemented on a specific case study: the base of an elevator cab. In order to achieve this goal, a parametric model of the structure was built and several load cases were included. With these models, an optimization problem was created, subjected to goals and restrictions. The results obtained show the validity of the methodology proposed

Evaluation of airborne particle exposure for riding elevators

Social distancing is a key factor for health during the COVID-19 pandemic. In many indoor spaces, such as elevators, it is difficult to maintain social distancing. This investigation used computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) to study airborne particle exposure in riding an elevator in a typical building with 35 floors. The elevator traveled from the ground floor to the 35th floor with two stops on floor 10 and floor 20, comprising 114 s. The CFD simulated the dispersion of the aerosolized particles exhaled by an index person while breathing in both lobby and elevator areas. The study calculated the accumulated dose of susceptible riders riding in elevators with the index person under different conditions including different ventilation rates, air supply methods, and elevator cab geometries. This investigation also studied a case with a single cough from the index person as the person entered the elevator. The results show that, due to the short duration of the average elevator ride, the number of particles inhaled by a susceptible rider was low. For the reference case with a 72 ACH (air changes per hour) ventilation rate, the highest accumulated particle dose by a susceptible passenger close to the index person was only 1.59. The cough would cause other riders to inhale approximately 8 orders of magnitude higher particle mass than from continuous breathing by the index person for the whole duration of the ride.

Sterilization Central: HVAC and Infection Prevention Considerations in Sterile Processing Departments.

Sterilization Central: HVAC and Infection Prevention Considerations in Sterile Processing Departments.

Elevator to the shallows: spatial verticality and the questionable depth of social relations in Mad Men

ABSTRACTSet in the world of Madison Avenue advertising during the 1960s, a century after the earliest construction of vertical lifts in New York City, Matthew Weiner’s Mad Men illustrates how central the elevator has become to the urban spatial imaginary, perpetuated in part through such cultural productions as Billy Wilder’s 1960 film The Apartment (a source of inspiration for Weiner). Like Wilder’s classic comedy, Mad Men stages several interpersonal encounters inside the cramped spaces of elevator cars, which are private zones of physical and verbal intimacy as well as public areas where individuals from different social classes come together, if only momentarily. Inspired by the work of Andreas Bernard (author of Lifted, which focuses on literary and cinematic representations of elevators), I explore the contradictory aspects of this prominent yet overlooked type of human conveyance, looking at the fleeting personal exchanges that take place inside vertical lifts on Mad Men as well as on other television programs. As Bernard states, because it combines ‘freedom of access while stopped and hermetically sealed impenetrability while in motion’, the elevator cab is ripe for interpretation as a means through which to tell the story of the modern metropolis and its demographically diverse inhabitants.

Wpływ zastosowania wibroizolacji biernej prowadników kabiny dźwigu na komfort jazdy

The article presents the engineering methods used to improve the comfort of lifting devices commonly called lifts. The authors focused their attention particularly on the aspect of the elevator cabin silence by using sliding guides with inserts with passive insulation (a layer of vibration damping from the running track guide system). To this end, measurements were made sound level in the cabin and on the cabin, by means of conventional sliding guides and sliding guides of passive isolation. The measurements were compiled and compared in terms of their applicability and impact on the noise level inside the elevator cab.

A New Approach Based on Image Processing for Detection of Wear of Guide-Rail Surface in Elevator Systems

Elevators ensure transportation of people inside buildings and increase their life quality. High-rise buildings whose number is increasingly going up today has one or more elevator cabs to provide vertical transportation. A great number of people use elevators in many buildings such as business centres, hotels, hospitals and shopping centres daily. It is highly essential for the elevators used by many people daily to operate constantly. In the event of sudden failure of elevators during operation, people inside them face with a tough situation. Also, people have difficulty during the maintenance-repair period of elevators. Elevator system has counterweight system in order to balance the weight of elevator cab. A guide-rail system has been developed to limit the movements of elevator cab and counterweights on horizontal axis. When an elevator system is operational, cab and counterweight system move reversely. The common failures in elevators are usually seen in the components such as elevator guide-rail system, ropes and motors. In this study, a system based on image processing has been developed in order to prevent wear on guide-rail surface in elevators. In the proposed method, real-time condition monitoring is performed by cameras using built-in system. The images of elevator guide-rail surface are captured via four digital cameras fixed onto elevator cab. The image-processing methods are applied on the images captured by cameras and hence the wears on the surface of guide-rails are detected. The surface of guide-rail is firstly detected in the proposed method. Then, image segmentation and mathematical morphology are applied on the image of guide-rail surface and the wears on the surface of rail are detected. The failure extent of the wear failures detected are calculated. By processing the images captured by four cameras during movement of elevator, the results for surface of guide-rails are obtained. Using these results, reporting is performed. An elevator prototype has been created in order to carry out tests for development of the proposed method. The tests have been conducted by fixing the built-in system and cameras onto this elevator prototype. It is considerably advantageous to detect the failures on elevator guide-rails through image-processing methods. Following a literature review, it is seen that the proposed method is a new approach.

Ride quality and noise in high speed elevators

Ride quality in an elevator is the latest "hot topic" in elevator design and construction. In skyscrapers being built in Asia, Dubai and the US, the new elevators travel close to and beyond 10m/s. The rides to the highest floors will last well over one minute. From a comfort point of view, it is important that the ride be as smooth and quiet as possible. There are many factors that influence the vibration of the elevator and the concomitant noise. In this paper we will examine the sudden forces that the elevator experiences as it passes each floor. The side forces on the elevator are caused by the asymmetric flow field about the elevator cab. The pressure and streamline flow field was evaluated by using the CFD code FLUENT. Comparison between the numerical and the measured results are given and the pressure disturbances caused by the passage of the elevator and its appendages are discussed together with some solutions to alleviate the pressure disturbances.

A Horizontal Vibration Wave Model for High Speed Elevators

Horizontal vibration has critical influence upon elevators’ ride quality. Based on the wave theory of one-dimensional string vibration, a horizontal vibration wave model is built to simulate the dynamic performance of a high speed elevator system. Through coordinate transformation, Galerkin’s method is used to discretize the governing partial differential equations into a dumped-mass system, which can be solved effectively with classic methods. Numerical results show that the horizontal vibration behaviors are closely interconnected with the location, velocity and acceleration of elevator cab.

Parametric Vibration of Elevator.

This paper deals with parametric vibration of an elevator caused by variable stiffness of the guide rail. The guide rail is lined with rail brackets which are arranged at equal intervals. The rail is stiff on the brackets, but soft between the brackets. That is to say, the elevator cab vibrates because the stiffness of the rail varies periodically. The elevator cab vibrates in the transverse and rotational directions. We calculated the stable and unstable regions of this two-dimensional vibration, and confirmed the results by experiment. The elevator cab vibrates with large amplitude when the frequency of stiffness variation of the rail is twice the natural frequency of the elevator cab. The softer the rail is, the more the cab vibrates. If the stiffness of the rail is at least three times as high as the stiffness of the guide roller, the elevator cab will hardly vibrate. We also examine the effect of damper. If there is a little damper, we can sufficiently prevent this parametric vibration. According to these results, we indicate a design method for prevention of the parametric vibration of an elevator.

Vibrations of Moving Elevator Rope and Cab in a High-Rise Building. Vertical Vibration of a Cab in Consideration of Longitudinal Vibration of a Hoist Rope.

The purpose of this paper is to study the longitudinal vibration of the hoist rope which is coupled with the vertical vibration of the moving elevator cab in a high-rise building. The analytical model is composed of the hoist rope, the compensating rope with time-varying length and the cab attached at the lower end of the hoist rope. Moreover, the nonplanar motions of the ropes and the cab are considered. As the main result, the following matters regarding the mechanism of the vertical vibration of the cab were clarified. The frequencies of the longitudinal vibration of the hoist rope and the vertical vibration of the cab are the same as that of the vertical vibration of the end of the hoist rope which is caused by the lateral vibration of the hoist rope. The expansion of the hoist rope is larger than that of the spring between the lower end of the hoist rope and the cab when the hoist rope is long.

Noise and vibration reduction at elevator cab hitch

An elevator cable hitch plate is isolated for the cab frame crosshead by an elastomeric pad and a mounting plate bolted to the crosshead is disposed between the pad and the crosshead. A stabilizer bracket is fixed to the mounting plate and to the hitch plate. The bracket allows limited vertical movement of the mounting plate and hitch plate relative to each other, but prevents lateral sliding movement therebetween. The bracket thus prevents the hoist cable thimble rods from contacting the edges of the holes in the plates through which the thimble rods pass. Minimal cable-induced vibration and noise is thus produced during operation of the elevator.

Elevator cab fire extinguishing system: Victo Alasio

Elevator cab fire extinguishing system: Victo Alasio