Elevation Of IL-10 Levels Research Articles

Immunomodulatory potential of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph as a natural alternative to berenil in treating Trypanosoma evansi in vivo

This study compared effects of diminazene aceturate (berenil), commonly used to treat domestic animals infected with Trypanosoma evansi, with the hemolymph of Sarcophaga argyostoma larva. The hemolymph may be acting as a possible natural alternative to berenil, based on immunomodulation mediated inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, and spleen of albino mice experimentally infected with T. evansi were studied. Mice were divided into five groups: G1, uninfected, untreated (negative control); G2, T. evansi infected (positive control); G3, infected and treated with berenil; G4, infected and treated with hemolymph; G5, infected and treated with hemolymph 3 days before infection (prophylactic group). Animals in (G4) and (G5) exhibited a significant overall reduction in serum levels of IFN-γ. However, the reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 levels was more limited compared to (G2) and (G3). Notably, an elevation in IL-10 levels was observed compared to animals in other groups. Furthermore, the groups treated with hemolymph demonstrated an alleviation of T. evansi infection in contrast to the other groups. This study highlights that the administration of Sarcophaga argyostoma larval hemolymph at a dosage of 0.5 ml/kg significantly inhibited T. evansi organisms in vivo, showcasing a pronounced trypanocidal effect.

Green carbon dots derived from Atractylodes macrocephala: A potential nanodrug for treating alcoholic gastric ulcer.

Alcoholic gastric ulcer is a common acute gastric injury disease. The drugs currently used in clinical practice not only cannot fundamentally treat gastric injury, but also have serious side effects. There is an urgent demand for the discovery of a mild drug to treat alcoholic gastric ulcers. Herein, the green carbon dots derived from charred Atractylodes macrocephala (CAM-CDs) were acquired and have been proven to be safe and effective in alleviating alcoholic gastric ulcers at an inhibition rate up to 60%. CAM-CDs can markedly attenuate the gastric mucosa damage such as mucosal defect, bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration by histopathological examination. Serum and tissue inflammatory cytokine measurements, as well as immunohistochemistry results, indicate that its mechanism of gastric mucosal protection may involve the reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α by regulating inflammatory signaling pathway of the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, as well as elevation of IL-10 levels. CAM-CDs also can reduce oxidative stress markers (MDA), increase PGE2 and mucin secretion (MUC5AC), and it simultaneously exerts slight inhibition of hydrogen potassium ATPase and pepsin activity to protect gastric mucosa, as well as increases the microbial diversity and regulates species composition of gut microbiota in rats with gastric ulcer. Our work provides a new perspective on utilizing carbon-based nanomaterials in the development of new mild drugs.

Immune modulation as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Erroneous immune responses in COVID-19 could have detrimental effects, which makes investigation of immune network underlying COVID-19 pathogenesis a requisite. This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 related alterations within the frame of innate and adaptive immunity. Thirty-four patients clinically diagnosed with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 disease were enrolled in this study. Decreased ILC1 and increased ILC2 subsets were detected in mild and moderate patients compared to healthy controls. NK cell subsets and cytotoxic capacity of NK cells were decreased in severe patients. Moreover, CD3+ T cells were reduced in severe patients and a negative correlation was found between CD3+ T cells and D-dimer levels. Likewise, moderate and severe patients showed diminished CD3+CD8+ T cells. Unlike T and NK cells, plasmablast and plasma cells were elevated in patients and IgG and IgA levels were particularly increased in severe patients. Severe patients also showed elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, reduced intracellular IFN-γ and increased intracellular IL-10 levels. Our findings emphasize that SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly alters immune responses and innate and acquired immunity are differentially modulated in line with the clinical severity of the disease. Elevation of IL-10 levels in NK cells and reduction of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in severe patients might be considered as a protective response against the harmful effect of cytokine storm seen in COVID-19.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy for ulcerative colitis.

Background and aims:Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy has been used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in the past few years. However, its efficacy still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen combination therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods:We conducted a comprehensive study search up to September 2020, from the online databases Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP.Results:Thirteen studies comprising 780 patients were included. We found that compared with conventional therapy, hyperbaric oxygen combination therapy was superior in reaching clinical remission [risk ratio (RR)=1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42 to 1.84; p < 0.001] and clinical response (RR=1.29; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.38; p < 0.001), with lower disease activity scores [standard mean difference (SMD)= −1.19; 95%CI −1.74 to −0.65; p < 0.001]. An obvious reduction of serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD= −1.96; 95%CI −2.50 to −1.41; p < 0.001) and interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD= −2.49; 95% CI −2.84 to −2.15; p < 0.001), and elevation of IL-10 level (SMD=2.40; 95% CI 0.68 to 4.12; p = 0.006) were also observed.Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen combination therapy was effective in patients with ulcerative colitis, and has potential as a complementary method for its treatment.

Features of cytokine and adipokine regulation in asthma associated with obesity

The aim is to establish interrelations between levels of cytokines and adipokines in blood serum of patients with asthma; to reveal the features of cytokine and adipokine regulation in asthma associated with obesity. Material and Methods ― We examined 71 patients with partially controlled mild asthma: 24 normal-weight patients (group 1), 24 overweight patients (group 2), 23 patients with grade I and II obesity (group 3). The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers. Blood serum levels of Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were studied by flow cytometry. The concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. Results ― Increase levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-4 have been found in asthma patients regardless of body weight. At the same time, IL-6 level in the groups 2 and 3 was 1.4 times higher than in group 1. IL-17A level in patients with asthma and obesity was 1.2 times higher than in the groups 1 and 2. The elevation of IL-10 level in 1.8 and 2.3 times in patients of groups 2 аnd 3 in comparison with the group 1, respectively, has been determined. Hyperleptinemia was detected in the groups 2 and 3. A positive correlation between the body mass index and the levels of leptin, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and an invert correlation between this index and adiponectin concentration has been established. The interrelations between the levels of leptin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, depending on the body weight, have been revealed. Conclusion ― The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17A, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 enhances in asthma patients as the body weight increases and the obesity develops. The features of cytokine and adipokine imbalance indicate the prevalence of neutrophilic inflammation in asthma with obesity and demonstrates pathogenetic link between obesity and asthma.

Cytokine expression and cytokine-based T-cell profiling in occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene

Early diagnosis and treatment of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene (OMLDT) are absence of specific and reliable diagnostic/therapeutic biomarkers. This study was conducted on 30 cases of OMLDT, 58 workers exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) and 40 unexposed controls in order to identify any cytokine signatures that give an index to CD4+T cell differential and serve as biomarkers of OMLDT. Expression profiles of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cell type-specifying transcription factors and cytokines were analyzed using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay. To explore whether such expression profiles reflected their steady state plasma levels, a Luminex liquid fluorescence analysis was conducted. We found that the expression of transcription factors FoxP3 transcription factors (P = 0.006 and P < 0.0001) and IL-10 cytokine (P = 0.0008 and P < 0.0001) of the Treg subset were significantly higher in patients than TCE exposure workers and unexposed controls, suggesting that Treg cells were active after the occurrence of OMLDT. The transcript levels of IL-6 were significantly lower in the TCE exposure groups including patients and exposure workers as compared to the unexposed controls (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0008). Circulating levels of assessed cytokines of IL-6 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.011) and TFN-α (P = 0.005 and P < 0.0001) were lower in the exposure groups than in the unexposed controls. Compared to the controls, the levels of IL-10 in patients were higher (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0008). There was a significantly positive correlation between the plasma levels IL-6 and IL-10 in TCE exposed workers. These alterations in the expression of transcription factors and cytokines highlight the underlying dysregulation of T cell subsets in OMLDT that reflect an immune tolerance or immune inhibition. Therefore, the elevation of IL-10 level may be a kind of pathogenesis indicator, and the decline in IL-6 level may be a kind of TCE exposure biomarker. These biomarkers need additional longitudinal follow-up studies to warrant to clinically useful biomarkers of OMLDT.

Manuka Honey Exerts Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Activities That Promote Healing of Acetic Acid‐Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Gastric ulcers are a major problem worldwide with no effective treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of manuka honey in the treatment of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Different groups of rats were treated with three different concentrations of honey. Stomachs were checked macroscopically for ulcerative lesions in the glandular mucosa and microscopically for histopathological alterations. Treatment with manuka honey significantly reduced the ulcer index and maintained the glycoprotein content. It also reduced the mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) as compared to untreated control group. In addition, honey-treated groups showed significant increase in enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and nonenzymatic (GSH) antioxidants besides levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Flow cytometry studies showed that treatment of animals with manuka honey has normalized cell cycle distribution and significantly lowered apoptosis in gastric mucosa. In conclusion, the results indicated that manuka honey is effective in the treatment of chronic ulcer and preservation of mucosal glycoproteins. Its effects are due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that resulted in a significant reduction of the gastric mucosal MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and caused an elevation in IL-10 levels.

High intensity interval exercise decreases IL-8 and enhances the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-10 in lean and overweight–obese individuals

PurposeTo compare the effects of two interval exercises with different intensities on acute inflammatory response in lean and overweight–obese subjects. MethodsTen lean (BMI<24.9kg/m2) and 12 overweight–obese (BMI 25 to <34.9kg/m2) males performed two conditions in randomly assigned: (1) high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) 10×60s (85–90%PMax)/75s (50%PMax); (2) moderate intensity interval exercise (MIIE) 10×60s (70–75%PMax)/60s (50%PMax), with blood collections at pre, immediately and 30min post each exercise bouts to evaluate total and differential leukocyte counts, serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and systemic levels of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17a and CCL2. ResultsIn lean group, HIIE induced a significant increase in total leukocytes and monocyte, while MIIE session did not change the number of leukocytes. Overweight–obese group presented similar increase in leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes in both HIIE and MIIE sessions. At baseline, overweight–obese group showed high levels of CK, IL-8, IL-6 and CCL2 and lower concentrations of IL-10 compared to lean group. The MIIE did not alter the cytokine concentrations in both groups, independently of the time analysis. The HIIE induced significant decrease in IL-8 levels 30min post session in both the groups, and a progressive elevation in IL-10 levels immediately and 30min post in lean and overweight–obese. Regarding IL-6, overweight–obese subjects presented progressive increase either immediately and 30min after HIIE, while lean individuals presented significant increase only 30min after exercise. ConclusionsThe acute inflammatory response to interval exercise is intensity-dependent. Although obesity influences the basal concentrations of several cytokines, only HIIE induced important alterations in IL-8 and IL-10 levels, which may have important implications in the control of chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity.

Impact of Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus experimental coinfection on interleukin 10 and interferon gamma cytokines profile

The interactions between various aspects of the immune responses mediated by concomitant parasite infections may influence the resultant cytokines profiles. We tested this hypothesis by developing two Schistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus granulosus coinfection murine models. Our aim was to explore the effect of echinoccocis on the immune responses induced by schistosomiasis, either when the two infections were induced synchronously or when echinococcosis was induced during egg deposition period of S. mansoni infection. The proliferation of antigens specific stimulated splenocytes, taken from studied groups, was determined. Then, IFN-γ, and IL-10 production from stimulated cells were measured. Significant elevation of IFN-γ, 4weeks after synchronous coinfection, was occurred compared to S. mansoni infected group, associated with modest elevation of IL10 level. On the other hand, echinococcosis coinfection during egg deposition period of schistosomiasis resulted in significant marked reduction in IL10 level in comparison to S. mansoni infected mice. These results suggested that echinococcosis coinfection, during the switching from Th1 to Th2 cytokine stage of murine schistosomiasis, can alter the ability of S. mansoni infection to skew the cytokines response towards Th2 profile. It is clear that the timing and sequence of concomitant infections are of vital importance for the outcome of the immune response.

T cells activation and cytokines balance in active and cured tuberculosis (40.7)

Abstract Tuberculosis is still a major health problem around the world and the understand of immune response against Mycobacterim tuberculosis is necessary for the development of new strategies for control disease progression. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells by flow cytometry and the levels of cytokines in culture supernatants of PBMC from patients with active tuberculosis (n=25) comparing with individuals after successful treatment of tuberculosis (n=22). The activation of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in the tuberculosis-treated patients (p=0.04). The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly higher among tuberculosis-treated subjects (p=0.005, p=0.034). The levels of cytokines involved in Th-2 and Th-17 axis did not differ among groups. We observed that the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were augmented only in subjects after more than 12 months of treatment (p=0.03 and p=0.01). Also, the huge production of Th1 cytokines by cured subjects was followed by an elevation in IL-10 production (p=0.03). Clinical cure due to treatment in tuberculosis was followed by the production of Th1 cytokines, although this recovery does not occur immediately after therapy ending. Th1 cytokine overproduction in healing process is followed by an elevation in IL-10 levels, indicating that concomitantly with elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines there is a modulation of an immune response regulation-related cytokine.

2-Chloroadenosine (2-CADO) treatment modulates the pro-inflammatory immune response to prevent acute lung inflammation in BALB/c mice suffering from Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced pneumonia

Acute lung inflammation (ALI) is a life-threatening pathology and can develop during the course of several clinical conditions such as pneumonia, acid aspiration or sepsis. Adenosine plays a significant role in controlling acute inflammation via binding to A2A receptors on inflammatory cells, i.e. neutrophils or macrophages. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), alone or in combination with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), in Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced acute lung infection in mice. Acute lung infection in mice was induced by directly instilling the selected dose (104 colony-forming units/mL) of bacteria intranasally. Histopathological examination of the lungs was performed to reveal neutrophil infiltration into the lung alveoli. In addition to the major pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1α, levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were also determined. Intranasal instillation of bacteria caused profound neutrophil infiltration into the lung alveoli as well as a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e. TNFα and IL-1α). However, intravenous administration of 2-CADO 10μg/kg/day, alone or in combination with an antibiotic (i.e. AMC), significantly decreased neutrophil infiltration into the lung alveoli. A significant decrease in TNFα and IL-1α along with elevation of IL-10 levels in the lung homogenate of mice with acute lung infection was observed upon treatment with 2-CADO alone, with no significant decrease in bacterial counts. Moreover, in combination with AMC, 2-CADO exhibited its immunomodulatory action in acute lung infection and prevented ALI, whilst an antibacterial action was exhibited by AMC.