Elevated Rates Of Anxiety Research Articles

Examining the relationship between the oral microbiome, alcohol intake and alcohol-comorbid neuropsychological disorders: protocol for a scoping review

IntroductionHeavy alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to rise as a public health problem and increases the risk for disease. Elevated rates of anxiety, depression, sleep disruption and...

School nursing intervention for COVID-19-related mental health issues in the school health office

The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the mental, physical and social health of children and young people aged 0–18 years, better understand the risk factors for these issues and explore available interventions to promote optimal health in this population globally. The risk factors, including increased screen time, economic instability, pre-existing mental illness and isolation, are explored in relation to their impact on paediatric health and wellbeing. Current mental health trends, including elevated rates of anxiety, depression, and suicide, and gaps in the available literature are discussed. The impact of the pandemic on overall health, nutrition, physical activity, household environments and sleep are also analysed in relation to possible school nurse interventions for children, parents, and communities in developing solutions to improve the health of children and adolescents. As a result of this review, the authors found significant negative correlations between children and adolescents' mental health and COVID-19 restrictions, such as altered social interaction, disturbed sleep, changes in level of exercise, and altered dietary habits.

Assessing the Feasibility of Providing a Family Skills Intervention, "Strong Families", for Refugee Families Residing in Reception Centers in Serbia.

War exposure and forced displacement threatens the wellbeing of caregivers and their children, leaving them at risk of negative outcomes, such as elevated rates of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The importance of engaged, responsive and stable parenting for positive child wellbeing has been documented across diverse cultural and economic backgrounds. Despite the higher need for caregivers to be nurturing in challenging settings, they struggle to provide adequate support for their children due to lack of resources or their inability to deal with their own emotional challenges. A feasibility study was conducted of a new, open-access and light-touch family skills intervention, Strong Families (for families in humanitarian and challenged settings) on refugee families residing in Reception Centers in Serbia. Questionnaires and interviews were completed by participating caregivers and facilitators. Qualitative results indicated that the intervention was feasible to run in this humanitarian context, that caregivers viewed the intervention as culturally acceptable and complemented the quantitative results that showed promise for enhancing child behavior and family functioning tested indicators. Despite being a light intervention, Strong Families indicated improvement on child mental health, parenting practices and parent and family adjustment skills. Prioritizing family mental health and functioning as a primary need that parallels that of accessing physical medical care, sanitation and clean water must be the definitive next step in humanitarian aid.

Online Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 Risk and Cost Estimates on Worry and Health Behavior Compliance in Young Adults.

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is associated with elevated rates of anxiety and relatively lower compliance with public health guidelines in younger adults. To develop strategies for reducing anxiety and increasing adherence with health guidelines, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to anxiety and health compliance in the context of COVID-19. Earlier research has shown that greater perceived risk of negative events and their costs are associated with increased anxiety and compliance with health behaviors, but it is unclear what role they play in a novel pandemic surrounded by uncertainty. In the present study we measured (1) perceived risk as the self-reported probability of being infected and experiencing serious symptoms due to COVID-19 and (2) perceived cost as financial, real-world, physical, social, and emotional consequences of being infected with COVID-19. Worry was assessed using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PWSQ) and health compliance was measured as endorsement of the World Health Organization (WHO) health directives for COVID-19. Our results showed that greater perceived risk and costs of contracting the COVID-19 virus were associated with greater worry and while only costs were associated with greater compliance with health behaviors. Neither self-reported worry nor its interaction with cost estimates was associated with increased engagement in health behaviors. Our results provide important insight into decision making mechanisms involved in both increased anxiety and health compliance in COVID-19 and have implications for developing psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic strategies to target both domains.

Assessment of Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic among General Population of India

Introduction -The coronavirus COVID-19 illness makes a very unpredictable future the main psychologicaleffect is elevated rates of anxiety, because of pandemic and the lockdown.Aim -The aimed of the study was to Assess the level of anxiety during COVID-19 among general populationin India.Methodology -A Snowball sampling technique was used to collect the samples from different state andunion territory of India. Total 829 participants respond and enrolled themselves in the study. Participants inthe study belong to 27 states or union territories of India and majority of them are from Delhi.Result-Most of the Participant in the study was female (54%), graduate (51%), age between 18-28 (60%)and Hindu (89.3%). Half of the participant were having minimal anxiety (57.1%) nearly one fourth ofthe participant were having Mild anxiety (28.5%) and least number of participants were having Moderateanxiety (11.0%) and Severe anxiety (3.5%).There was no significant association of Anxiety scores withSocio-demographic variable except place of stay, suffering from any health problem and During lockdownperiod time spent in watching news related to corona (COVID-19) on mobile, laptop, television etc.Conclusion-The study concluded the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cause anxietyamong the people. Understanding the risk to yourself and people you care about can make an outbreak lessadverse effect on mental and physical health of the people

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the brief Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale for adults on the autism spectrum

Adults on the autism spectrum experience high rates of anxiety and depression, and may be particularly vulnerable to difficult and traumatic life experiences, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of these conditions. Resilience is an increasingly popular concept in research, which describes the ability to 'bounce back' following difficult emotional experiences, and the flexibility to adapt to stressful and demanding situations. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale has been used predominantly in studies involving non-autistic adults to measure resilience. While resilience is a potentially important concept for autistic adults, the suitability of the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale for use with adults on the spectrum has not yet been studied. In this short report, we investigate whether the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 is a valid measure to use with this population, and its relationship with other measures of mental well- or ill-being. Participants were 95 autistic adults with a mean age of 44 (63% female) who completed measures of resilience, autism symptoms, depression, anxiety and mental wellbeing. Overall, the findings indicate that the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 may be reliably used with autistic adults to measure trait resilience, which is associated with positive wellbeing and may serve as a protective factor from negative mental wellbeing. Future studies may use the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 to investigate resilience as a protective factor from negative mental health outcomes in response to traumatic and adverse emotional events for which autistic individuals may be particularly susceptible.

Sexual dysfunction and associated factors in Chinese Han women with epilepsy

PurposeWomen with epilepsy (WWE) are believed to be at risk of sexual dysfunction (SD) and face many sexual challenges because of multiple factors. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with SD in Chinese Han WWE. MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined 112 married WWE in the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University with focal (FE) or generalized epilepsy (GE) on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and 120 healthy controls without epilepsy, all of Chinese Han nationality. Data collection tools included the Chinese version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Chinese version of Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Chinese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Chinese version of the revised Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and the Chinese version of the National Hospital Seizure Severity Scale (NHS3). Chi-square test, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. ResultsA high rate (70.5%) of SD was detected in WWE, with 24.2% in controls. Sexual dysfunction affected all dimensions: desire (85.7%), arousal (56.3%), lubrication (47.3%), orgasm (66.1%), satisfaction (58.9%), and pain (41.1%). Elevated rates of anxiety (40.2%) and depression (33%) and poor medication adherence (31.3%) were also found in WWE. Binary logistic regression found that poor economic status (odds ratio (OR) = 13.904, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.025–95.472, P = 0.007 and OR = 6.350, 95% CI: 1.323–30.477, P = 0.021), anxiety (OR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.055–1.415, P = 0.007), and poor medication adherence (OR = 0.297, 95% CI: 0.124–0.707, P = 0.006) were associated with SD. ConclusionsThe associated factors of SD in Chinese Han WWE are multifactorial. The WWE have higher levels of anxiety, poor family economic status, and poor medication adherence. Medical professionals should not only better control seizures but also evaluate and improve patients' sexual function so as to improve the quality of life of WWE.

Psychological Functioning in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Preliminary Study of Relations With Smoking Status and Disease Impact.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a tobacco-related disease associated with several comorbid conditions, including elevated rates of depression and anxiety. Psychological factors that commonly underlie nicotine dependence, depression, and anxiety may represent novel treatment targets, but have not yet been examined among patientswith COPD. We assessed three psychological factors-anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of anxiety-related sensations), distress intolerance (DI; inability to withstand distressing states), and anhedonia (Anh; diminished sense of pleasure or interest)-in relation to smoking status, COPD symptom impact, and negative response to COPD symptoms. We conducted a single-session laboratory assessment with 37 patients with COPD (17 current daily smokers and 20 former smokers). All participants completed self-report measures of psychological factors, COPD symptom impact, response to COPD symptoms, and anxiety and depression symptoms. Current versus former smokers with COPD reported higher levels of AS, DI, and Anh. In univariate regression models, AS, DI, and Anh were each associated with greater COPD symptom impact and breathlessness catastrophizing. Only AS remained a significant predictor of COPD symptom impact and breathlessness catastrophizing after adjusting for general depression and anxiety symptoms. Our preliminary study is the first to assess AS, DI, and Anh among patients with COPD. These psychological factors were elevated among current smokers and associated with more negative disease impact, suggesting their potential utility as treatment targets within this clinical population. While elevated rates of anxiety and depression among patients with COPD have been wellcharacterized, few studies have specifically addressed the causal, modifiable psychological factors that may underlie these disorders. Our preliminary findings demonstrate associations of three psychological factors-AS, DI, and Anh-with smoking status, COPD symptom impact, and negative reaction to symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral interventions targeted to these psychological factors may improve smoking cessation outcomes and disease adjustment among patients with COPD.

Mental Health Screening of Medically-Admitted Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Multi-national studies have identified an increased risk for depression and anxiety among the cystic fibrosis population. People with cystic fibrosis and depression have decreased lung function, adherence, and quality of life, and increased health care utilization. This is a pilot study of mental health screening and referral of patients with cystic fibrosis in a large tertiary medical center. Patients with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis aged 8 and older, medically admitted to a tertiary hospital, were screened for eligibility and offered mental health screening for depression and anxiety. Patients indicating elevated rates of anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation were offered a psychiatric consultation, and all participants were offered mental health referrals. Health-related outcomes were gathered via medical record review. The pediatric population showed elevated rates/at risk of depression (17%), anxiety (22%) and clinically-elevated depression (5%), and anxiety (11%). Twenty-two percent of the youth reported suicidal ideation. The adult population reported mild rates of depression (11%), anxiety (28%), and suicidality (11%). The mental health screening process resulted in 1 mental health referral, 16 patients eligible for psychiatric consultation, and 4 completed psychiatric consultations. This study represents a pilot mental health screening in the inpatient medical setting. The results indicate an elevated rate of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, and a protocol for responding to elevated responses via psychiatric consultation. This study indicates the need for further exploration of implementation of mental health screening, rapid response to suicidal ideation, referral process, and treatment interventions.

Adult Diagnostic and Functional Outcomes of DSM-5 Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new disorder for DSM-5 that is uncommon and frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Here, the authors test whether meeting diagnostic criteria for this disorder in childhood predicts adult diagnostic and functional outcomes. In a prospective, population-based study, individuals were assessed with structured interviews up to six times in childhood and adolescence (ages 10 to 16 years; 5,336 observations of 1,420 youths) for symptoms of DMDD and three times in young adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24-26 years; 3,215 observations of 1,273 young adults) for psychiatric and functional outcomes (health, risky/illegal behavior, financial/educational functioning, and social functioning). Young adults with a history of childhood DMDD had elevated rates of anxiety and depression and were more likely to meet criteria for more than one adult disorder relative to comparison subjects with no history of childhood psychiatric disorders (noncases) or individuals meeting criteria for psychiatric disorders other than DMDD in childhood or adolescence (psychiatric comparison subjects). Participants with a history of DMDD were more likely to have adverse health outcomes, be impoverished, have reported police contact, and have low educational attainment as adults compared with either psychiatric or noncase comparison subjects. The long-term prognosis of children with DMDD is one of pervasive impaired functioning that in many cases is worse than that of other childhood psychiatric disorders.

Toward Defining Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using the Child Behavior Checklist: A Controlled Study

Objective: Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) is characterized by deficits in self-regulating the physiological arousal caused by strong emotions. We examined whether a unique profile of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) would help identify DESR in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Subjects included 197 children with ADHD and 224 children without ADHD. We defined DESR if a child had an aggregate cut-off score of > 180 but < 210 on the Anxiety/Depression, Aggression, and Attention scales of the CBCL (CBCL-DESR). This profile was selected because of: 1) its conceptual congruence with the clinical concept of DESR; and 2) because its extreme (> 210) form has been previously associated with severe forms of mood and behavioral dysregulation in children with ADHD. All subjects were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and a wide range of functional measures. Results: Forty-four percent of children with ADHD had a positive CBCL-DESR profile versus 2% of controls (P < 0.001). The CBCL-DESR profile was associated with elevated rates of anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders, as well as significantly more impairments in emotional and interpersonal functioning. Conclusions: The CBCL-DESR profile helped identify a subgroup of children with ADHD who had a psychopathological and functional profile consistent with the clinical concept of DESR.

Smoking, nicotine dependence and mental health among young adults: a 13‐year population‐based longitudinal study

To investigate prospectively the associations between daily smoking and nicotine dependence and anxiety, depression and suicide attempts. Data were from the Young in Norway Longitudinal Study. A population-based sample (n = 1501) was followed for 13 years from ages 13-27 years. Data were gathered on smoking patterns and nicotine dependence; and depression, anxiety and parasuicide. Extensive information on socio-demographic factors, parental and family conditions, parental rearing practices, educational career, conduct problems, alcohol problems and use of illegal substances was also collected. Young adults who were nicotine-dependent had clearly elevated rates of anxiety, depression and parasuicide. These rates declined after controlling for a previous history of mental health problems and potential confounding factors. After adjustment, nicotine dependence was still associated with anxiety, depression and parasuicide. There was also a significant association with later depression in the group of non-dependent daily smokers. Measures of reduced mental health did not predict later smoking initiation or the development of nicotine dependence. Mental health was reduced more seriously in nicotine-dependent smokers than in non-dependent smokers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking, in particular nicotine dependence, influences mental health.

Elevated Rates of Anxiety and Depression in Health Care Workers

Despite assertions that rates of minor psychiatric disorders (i.e., depression and anxiety) are elevated in health care workers, the scope of the