Elements Of Production Systems Research Articles

Wildflower strips of 2.5-year-old promote earthworms and enchytraeids (Annelida, Oligochaeta) in arable fields

In the last 50 years, humans have increased crop yields due to intensive agricultural practices and by homogenizing cultivated lands (e.g., larger and more uniform fields). However, this land management practice has led to serious environmental issues, and now, the importance of heterogeneity and semi-natural landscape elements in production systems is acknowledged. Perennial habitats, such as flower strips, could play a key role in agroecosystem sustainability, but little is known about their effects on earthworm and enchytraeid (Annelida: Oligochaeta) communities. The aim of this study was to assess earthworms and enchytraeids in 2.5-year-old wildflower strips that were sown in the middle of arable fields in northern France. Samples (soil, earthworms and enchytraeids) were collected at ten locations, in flower strips and in adjacent cropped fields. The same number of earthworm species was found in both habitats, but more enchytraeid species were detected in the flower strips than in the adjacent cropped fields. Moreover, the total abundance of earthworms and enchytraeids significantly increased in the flower strips compared with the adjacent cropped fields, by 69 % and 61 %, respectively. Flower strips had a significant positive effect on anecic and endogeic earthworms but not on the abundance of epigeic earthworms, which was highly variable among the samples, although on average, it was seven times greater in the flower strips than in the cropped fields. Although the flower strips were sown only 2.5 years earlier, significant changes were observed in the soil Oligochaeta communities. These findings advocate for sowing flower strips within cultivated land as a source of soil biodiversity in the current changing environment. Considering the positive role of flower strips on biodiversity and particularly on the studied tiny soil engineers, these perennial landscape elements should be more widely considered to support the agroecological transition.

Development of methods for formation of infrastructure of transport units for maintenance of transit and export freight flows

Coordinated development of foreign economic relations and increase in international trade are the main factors of successful socio-economic growth of the state. And in order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products on the world market, the primary factors are the intensification of innovative activities of production structures and the optimal use of national resources. The object of research is the processes of forming the infrastructure of customs and logistics systems, taking into account the assessment of the competitiveness of transport services. These results depend on the resource provision of the processes of servicing import-export and transit cargo flows. In the course of the research carried out in the work, the following methods were used: the method of factor analysis of the use of transport systems infrastructure; mathematical apparatus of decision theory; methods of simulation modeling of development of integration processes for calculations of integrated indicators. Regularities of the organization of foreign trade deliveries of transit and export cargoes as a basis for creation of effective system of management of customs and logistic processes are defined and the methodology of qualitative transport service on an example of grain cargo flows is developed. A method of forming the infrastructure of transport hubs for servicing cargo flows on the basis of economic analysis of the development of integration processes in the form of interaction of structural elements of production systems and their relationships. The performed work provided an opportunity to develop a model of intensive use of existing and promising infrastructure of transport systems and to conduct multivariate calculations to determine the amount of resources for the organization of foreign trade supplies on the basis of demand. The study is aimed at gaining new knowledge about the patterns of improving the efficiency of customs and logistics services for foreign trade flows in international production structures. In the course of the research the approbation of the developed methodology for the formation and optimization of the infrastructure of transport hubs in the management systems of international production processes was carried out.

The use of modern robotic systems in the agro-industrial complex

The article presents assessment of the role of digital technologies in the co-evolution of all elements of production systems, their comparison with traditional production technologies, the value of strengths and weaknesses of introducing digitalization into production processes of agricultural enterprises, the systematization of the experience of using robotic systems, the importance of disseminating information on the effective management of the digital transformation and the use of robots in the dairy industry. The authors estimate the effect of investments in digital technologies of agricultural enterprises. The classification of agricultural robots is carried out depending on the type of tasks performed. The results of the study of the world market of agricultural robots are presented and the dynamics of global investments in digital technologies of agricultural production is analyzed. The dependence of the result of using robotic systems on the scale of production is revealed. An assessment of the economic feasibility of switching to robotic systems for dairy production has been carried out. The structure and trends of the market of robotic milking systems in the Russian Federation are evaluated. Russian regions are grouped according to the number of operating robotic milking systems. The prospects for the further implementation of robotic systems in the production processes of agricultural enterprises and the role of state support in this process are assessed.

Budgeting for Results.

Budgeting is a mandatory yet misunderstood function in most organizations because of its current focus on estimating revenues and expenses. A budget should be a roadmap specifying in dollars and cents organizational goals and how management performance will be assessed. Like a roadmap, its value is entirely dependent on whether the plan is followed. Improving treatment and controlling costs require implementing budgets that focus managers' attention on the elements of production systems that they control and lead directly to better results. The choice between using an incremental, flexible, zero-base, program, or activity-based budget to chart the desired path of departments and organizations should be made in light of organizational goals and the role of the manager within the organization.

Multiscale simulation approach for production systems

Planning support for industrial production systems aims at reducing production-related costs and environmental impacts while creating required products with a desired quality. However, the increasing complexity of modern products and production technology makes planning and the provision of appropriate methods and tools a challenging task. Isolated measures for improving quality, cost or eco-efficiency, often result in problem shifting causing negative effects regarding other goal criteria. For this reason, suitable methods and tools are required for the planning and evaluation of specific improvement measures and for obtaining an interdisciplinary system understanding. This paper presents an approach, which is capable of analyzing production systems considering multiple scales based on coupled simulation models. The approach enables the evaluation of interactions between product units, processes, machines, technical building services, and the building structure. The approach contains a generic framework for the simulation structure, detailed model concepts for relevant production system elements, and a definition of interfaces between models for co-simulation. A case study demonstrates an exemplary application of the simulation approach for the production of battery cells. The study shows how the simulation enables evaluating the influences of different process configurations on intermediate product characteristics as well as of different factory scenarios and seasonal effects on the energy demands. More specifically, on product and process scale, the study revealed how different process routes and process parameters in electrode production affect the characteristics of battery slurries and coated electrode foils along with production lead-times. On process chain and factory scale, the study illustrates how the energy demands of machines and building services are influenced by machine operation and outside weather conditions. Thus, the study provides insight into the capabilities of a multiscale simulation and how such simulation may be applied to evaluate different producton system configurations, operation strategies, or facility locations.

STRENGTH-WEAKNESS-OPPROTUNITY-THREAT (SWOT) ANALYSIS TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY OF BATIK INDUSTRY CENTRE IN EAST JAVA PROVINCE INDONESIA

AbstractIt is acknowledged that the struggle faced by the batik industry, particularly in the Province of East Java, dealing with growth challenges caused by several factors: less attractive design, the conventional use of manual handling, and less governmental-institutional support. The purpose of thisstudy is to analyze the performance of centers of Batik industry in Sampang, Trenggalek and Tuban Regencies highlighting their related-production quality and quantity. The location selection of batik production centers is based on coordination with Department of Industry and Trade in each area. Data is collected through surveys and interviews. This study concludes several things. There are six production system elements analyzed in this research included technology (production capacity of batik), funding, raw material, human resources, marketing, and pattern design.Keywords: batik pattern, micro small medium entreprises, productivity

Environmental Audit improvements in industrial systems through FRAM

Environmental risk management requires specific methodologies to focus audit activities on the most critical elements of production systems. Limited resources require a clear motivation to put attention on specific technological, human, organizational components, and often should address the monitor of interactions among these elements. Recent research in environmental risk looks at methods to deal with complexity as interesting tools to reduce real impacts on pollution and consumption. In this paper, we provide evidence of the advantage in using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), not only to identify the criticalities of a complex production system but to provide a methodology to continuously improve the audit activities in parallel with the introduction of technique to reduce environmental risk. The case study presents the evolution of environmental audit in a sinter plant, proving the need for a review of the criticality list and the successful application of FRAM to refocus the control activities.

Failure Evaluation and Analysis of Mechatronics-Based Production Systems during Design Stage Using Structural Modeling

A method based on structural modelling is developed for failure evaluation and analysis of mechatronics-based production systems. Majority of the elements in production systems are mechatronics-based, which includes various elements such as; electrical, electronic and mechanical. Each of these may have different failure types that may be interdependence/interactive. The reliability of the system mainly depends on how well the failures are taken care of during design stage. In general, individual failures are generalized into probable failure modes and early identification of these helps to reduce their probability. However, consideration of failures and their interdependence / interactions will help to evaluate and analyse the failures of complicated systems in an efficient and effective manner and increase the inherent system reliability. The system structure modeling helps in this regard. Digraph model, in conjunction with matrix method, is employed for failure evaluation and analysis of a mechatronics-based production system based on its structure.

Mathematical Modeling of Workflows in Production Systems

This article proposes a new method of modeling active elements in production systems, including formulation of management tasks in hierarchical active systems in the circumstances of unidentifiability of reactions of the lower levels (workers); offers a game-theoretic model of active systems of corrective type; studies the mathematical models of incentives for the personnel in workflows; carries out parameters identification and validation of the basic and applied models; as well as develops a set of specific mathematical models to stimulate the performers of workflows.

USULAN PENERAPAN METODE SIX SIGMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KLONGSONG (STUDI KASUS INDUSTRI SENJATA)

Weapons Industy has the greatest asset in the production of klongsong with various varians meet the basic needs of military and public supplies, klongsong types 6 mm. Improving in quality does is not mean to increase the amount of labor or replace the old machine with a new one but rather to maximize the performance of the production system elements. This research is proposed to reduce the reject rate klongsong 6 mm process and to to determine the factors that influence the defective product. Six Sigma concept is used to discover and to reduce the factors that cause disability and error so as to improve the quality to wards zero failure rate. Six Sigma framework is known as Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, and Control (DMAIC). In Define phase of DMAIC is to define CTQ (Critical-To-Quality) through interviews with company management. In the Measure phase of DMAIC level of product quality (products klongsong 6 mm casing) is measured. In Analysis phase of DMAIC the causes of defects is analyzed through Ishikawa diagram. In Improve phase of DMAIC the preparation of the proposed improvements is based on is based on prioritization using FMEA. The results of the analysis of the application of Six Sigma in production klongsong in average was 4.69 with DPMO 695.429.

A computer integrated unified modelling approach to responsive manufacturing

Computer modelling approaches have significant potential to enable decision-making about various aspects of responsive manufacturing. In order to understand the system prior to the selection of any responsiveness strategy, multiple process segments of organisations need to be modelled. The article presents a novel systematic approach for creating coherent sets of unified enterprise, simulation and other supporting models that collectively facilitate responsiveness. In this approach, enterprise models are used to explicitly define relatively enduring relationships between (i) production planning and control (PPC) processes, that implement a particular strategy and (ii) process-oriented elements of production systems, that are work loaded by the PPC processes. Coherent simulation models, can in part be derived from the enterprise models, so that they computer execute production system behaviours. In this way, time-based performance outcomes can be simulated; so that the impacts of alternative PPC strategies on the planning and controlling historical or forecasted patterns of workflow, through (current and possible future) production system models, can be analysed. The article describes the unified modelling approach conceived and its application in a furniture industry case study small and medium enterprise (SME).

Study of Hybrid Dynamical Approach for Manufacturing Systems Scheduling by Discrete Event Simulation

This article uses a novel construction of double buffer structure serving manufacturing systems and providing higher utilization of machines. The proposed system automatically changes parameters giving a possibility of predesign based on the actual demand rates. The effectiveness of manufacturing system using event-controlled buffers depends on the applied switching policies and on the method of the determination of demand rates. Each of the production system elements have simple analytical model. But, if they are connected together into the proposed event controlled buffer structure the only way of analysing the system processes is the simulation technique. The modelling of process when hybrid dynamical approach is applied for manufacturing scheduling is outlined in this paper.

Framework for outsourcing manufacturing: strategic and operational implications

Over the last decade, outsourcing has proved to be a relevant strategic option for companies narrowing their operations to focus on core competencies. This paper analyses the process of outsourcing manufacturing to cost-efficient and innovative suppliers in support of internal resources and capabilities. A scientific reference model founded on manufacturing strategy is proposed to help choose the right level of analysis and steer the research process. From this, a system model is developed to enable identification of the production system elements and internal support functions. Finally, a framework that links the phases of the entire outsourcing process to strategic planning is synthesised. The framework includes a logical sequence of key activities with built-in performance measures and expected output for each of the phases. The research methodology combines theory study with case study and action research in Aalborg Industries, which operates in the heavy industry. Thereby, the research pursues both academic and industrial application.

Influence of rigidity parameters of elements of production systems on the accuracy of working of nonrigid shafts

Influence of rigidity parameters of elements of production systems on the accuracy of working of nonrigid shafts

Optimizing Equipment In-Service Durations and Costs while Taking Technological Progress into Account

The trunk-line properties of optimal in-service durations and costs of production system elements are established by qualitative analysis of the optimal trajectories in an integral model of technological renewal of such systems under technical progress conditions.

Spatial monitoring in visual working memory.

Three experiments examined the role of spatial monitoring in short-term visual memory. In the first experiment it was found that with consonants presented visually at one location articulatory suppression but not a concurrent tracking task disrupted performance. Experiment 2 demonstrated that tracking was disruptive when consonants were presented at three locations and more serial positions were affected when the locations of the consonants were random rather than highly predictable. Articulatory suppression was also disruptive in this study. The third experiment replicated the first two studies, without an articulatory suppression condition, using a within-subject design with a strictly forward serial recall constraint. The locus of the tracking effect was modified by this recall constraint suggesting that tracking disrupts a specific process that utilizes spatial monitoring. It was concluded that spatial monitoring depletes resources that can be used to encode visually presented consonants and these resources may be drawn from spatial working memory. The articulatory loop was also implicated given that articulatory suppression also disrupted performance. These results were explained in terms of working memory constellations. Morris (1986 b) suggested that such constellations consist of working memory components, in this instance the articulatory loop and spatial working memory, 'assembled' to meet task demands. This probably involves the activation, by the demand characteristics of the task, of modules in working memory that are similar to production system elements.