Elementary Physical Education Research Articles

Efeitos de 15 minutos de exercícios físicos na aptidão física de adolescentes: Estudo de protocolo

Overweight, obesity, and low physical fitness (PF) are conditions associated with physical and mental health problems in children and adolescents. Schools and physical education (PE) classes provide ideal environments for promoting physical exercise, improving levels of PF, and preventing obesity in this population. This article outlines the protocol of an experimental study whose primary objective is to assess the effects of a 15-minute physical exercise program implemented during elementary school physical education classes on PF and anthropometric markers of overweight and obesity (AMOO). Enrolled students in 6th to 9th-grade classes within rural elementary schools located in a Southern city in Brazil will participate of the study. The participants will be randomized into the intervention group and control group. The intervention will last for 12 weeks with two sessions per week. Various components of PF and AMOO will be the primary dependent variables. Physical activity level, recreational screen time, sleep duration, physical self-concept, motivation for participating in PE classes, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress will be secondary dependent variables. Sociodemographic information and somatic maturation will serve as covariates. All variables will be measured pre and post-intervention. The study’s findings will contribute to a better understanding of the potential of school PE classes to improve PF, AMOO, and, secondarily, health-related behaviors, motivation for participating in PE classes, and the mental health of students.

Identifying the Quality of Lower-Grade Primary School Rhythmic Activity Learning

This study aims to determine the quality of learning Physical Education Sports and Health (PJOK) material on rhythmic activities implemented by PJOK teachers. This research includes descriptive research using a mixed method design by combining quantitative data as the primary data and qualitative as secondary data. The sample of this study was 116 elementary physical education teachers in DIY using a random sampling method. This research instrument uses an online questionnaire adopting the QPE (Quality Physical Education) instrument, modified according to research needs. There are three variables and 19 questions in this instrument, with the results namely (1) Quality teaching as many as six indicators, of all respondents there were 39% respondents chose the answer Yes, and as many as 61% chose the answer No. (2) Skill Development and Bodily Physical Education as many as six indicators. (2) Skill Development and Bodily Awareness as many as eight indicators, 42% of respondents chose the answer Yes, and 58% chose the answer No. (3) Cognitive Skill Development as many as five indicators, 37% of respondents chose the answer Yes, and 63% chose the answer No. The results illustrate that most respondents still choose Yes, and 63% choose No. These results illustrate that most respondents still cannot correctly fulfill the quality of rhythmic activity learning due to various factors according to the qualitative data presented in each variable, with the average data of the answer "yes" of 39%, which is in the category of poor quality. Keywords: Quality of Learning, Rhythmic Activity, Lower Primary School.

Elementary School Teachers’ Avoidance of Model-Based Physical Education Lessons: A Grounded Theory Approach

PURPOSE This study sought to explore elementary school (ES) teachers' avoidance of teaching model-based instruction (MBI) in physical education (PE) lessons.METHODS An open-ended questionnaire (n=93) and three focus group interviews (FGI ) were conducted with seven ES teachers. The collected data were analyzed using grounded theory analysis procedures (Strauss & Corbin, 1997).RESULTS Accordingly, we derived a grounded theory paradigm model composed of the core phenomenon (ES teacher’s avoidance of MBI in PE lessons), causal conditions (traditional difficulties of Elementary PE lessons, mismatch between MBI and ES teachers/PE lessons, lack of experience and teacher knowledge for/in MBI), contextual conditions (complex instructor organization, powerful trend of play), intervening conditions (value orientation for fun-focused PE, misunderstanding about PE curriculum), interactive strategies (focus on screening physical activities, preparing for PE lessons with YouTube rather than teacher guide book), and results (learner inclusive effects and de-curricularization).CONCLUSIONS ES teachers’ avoidance of MBI in PE lessons is a result of several reported problems with elementary PE lessons and is likely to be a recurring problem in the future. To encourage ES teachers’ MBI in PE lessons, efforts should be made to build practical knowledge of model use in pre- and in-service teacher education.

Applicability of Physical Education Learning Sports and Health (PJOK) Primary School in the Independent Curriculum

In this research, the evaluation model used is the Discrepancy model. The subjects of this research were school principals, PJOK teachers and students at four schools in Kapanewon Ngaglik. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and interviews. The sample in this study included 4 school principals, 6 PJOK teachers and 4 students. The data analysis technique in this research is quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The research instrument was validated through expert judgment. Content validity is proven by the V-Aiken Index coefficient with a result of 0.88 so it can be said to be valid. Meanwhile, the Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha reliability estimate is 0.904 (more than 0.07), so it is reliable and calculated with the help of SPSS. The results of the research show that the evaluation of the implementation of elementary school physical education, sports and health learning in the independent curriculum in four schools in Kapanewon Ngaglik is in the "Good" category. The results of the principal instrument analysis with a mean of 78.00, the assessment results with a percentage of 50% in the "Good" category are there (2 school principals), the "fair" category with a percentage of 25% are there (1 school principal) and the "poor" category. with a percentage of 25% there (1 principal). Then the results of the PJOK teacher instrument analysis with a mean of 58.00, assessment results with a percentage of 50% in the "good" category are (3 teachers), in the "fair" category with a percentage of 17% there are (1 teacher), and the "sufficient" category ” with a percentage of 33% there (2 teachers)

Educational Interactive Video Content as a Media Contemporary Learning for Physical Education Teachers

Teachers still need to gain an understanding of audio-visual-based learning media. How to make learning media, especially interactive videos. Teachers need to develop skills in creating and developing interactive learning videos that support learning activities. This training combines expository methods, demonstrations, and independent practice. This community service activity is carried out to provide training and experience through socialization and a direct approach to elementary school Physical Education teachers. This activity is carried out to increase teachers' knowledge and skills regarding learning media, in this case, interactive learning videos. Besides feeling the benefits of the action, the teachers hope there will be similar follow-up activities, such as training in making learning evaluations with google forms, training in making learning videos and optimizing the making of broadcast materials for learning materials.

A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 16-week school-based physical activity (PA) intervention on physical fitness (PF) (speed, hand-eye coordination, flexibility) of 8- to 9-year-olds. Methods: A total of seventy-eight boys and girls (boys: n = 45, aged 8.4 ± 4.9years; girls: n = 42, aged 8.6 ± 0.5years) from a school in Slovenia were randomly assigned to either a group with an after-school PA program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated exclusively in mandatory physical education (PE). The EXP group engaged in the extracurricular PA program for 60 min twice a week for 16 weeks, concurrent with regular PE classes. The program primarily involved elementary PE games that included elements of athletics (e.g., skipping, push- off running, hopping, crossstepping, and jumping) and gymnastics (e.g., handstand, forward roll, backward roll, hand support jumps, squat jump on a vault box, climbing on horizontal bars, incline benches and ropes, crawling, and jumping rope). Standardized tests appropriate for this age group were used to assess PF, including the sit and reach test (SAR), the 30-meter sprint, and the alternate hand wall toss test at distances of 1.0 and 2.0 m (AHWT 1.0 and 2.0). Results: There was a significant group-time interaction for SAR test (EXP group increase: +1.6 cm, +6.3%; CON group decrease: -0.1cm, -0.4%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.361), and the 30m sprint (EXP group improvement: -0.4 s, -6.3%; CON group decrease: +0.1 s, +1.6%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.193). Similarly, the EXP group improved by +2.1 points (+25.6%) in the 1.0 m wall throw with the alternating hand, while the CON group showed only minimal changes (-0.2 points, -2.4%; p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.545). No significant interaction was found for the 2.0m toss (EXP and CON group both -0.1 points, -2.6%; p = 0.888, ηp2 = 0.001). Post-hoc analyses with paired t-tests revealed that the EXP group showed significant improvements in SAR test (p < 0.001), 30 m sprint (p < 0.001) and AHWT 1.0 test (p < 0.001), while the CON group showed no significant changes in SAR test (p = 0.533), 30 m sprint (p = 0.150), AHWT 1.0 test (p = 0.186) and AHWT 2.0 test (p = 0.430). Discussion: The results of the study showed that the extracurricular program with only two additional weekly sessions significantly improved the components of PF in 8- to 9-year olds. Significant improvements were observed in the areas of flexibility, speed and coordination, as shown in the SAR test, 30-meter sprint and 1.0-meter handwall toss tests. However, no similar improvements were observed in the 2.0-meter handwall toss, which illustrates the specific areas of impact of the program.

Twelve Strategies to Maintain Effective Classroom Management in Elementary Physical Education

Classroom management refers to the strategies and techniques that teachers use to effectively organize students, space, time and materials in order to create an optimal learning environment. Managing a physical education class can be a much more complex task than managing a traditional classroom for several reasons. This article outlines 12 strategies for effective classroom management in elementary physical education.

Portrait of the Assessment Practices of Physical Education Teachers in Quebec: Reporting and Grading

Purpose: To gain a better understanding of the assessment practices currently implemented by Quebec physical education teachers regarding reporting and grading. Method: Exploratory mixed-methods study using semistructured interviews (n = 13), interviews to the double (n = 12), and a questionnaire (n = 164) with elementary and high school physical education teachers. Results: Participants use different strategies to report student performance. When grading, their strategy is to combine a mathematical approach with their professional judgment. They often consider all the marks taken during a learning and assessment situation and not only those taken at the end of it. Discussion/Conclusions: The main finding of this study is that teachers’ reporting and grading practices are subjective. We discuss how our results show the subjectivity in teachers’ practices and possible explanations for it, and then conclude by trying to understand how to make assessment in physical education more objective.

“Know Your Kids, Understand Yourself, and Find a Way”: One Elementary School Physical Education Teacher’s Efforts at Employing Character Education

Background: Research concerning the philosophy of character education has been largely inadequate and anticlimactic. Purpose: Informed by a combination of emergent, novel, and nontraditional techniques, the purpose of this study is to describe one elementary school physical education teacher’s efforts at employing character education. Method: The participant was Paris, a White, abled-bodied female with 41 years’ experience. Utilizing an exploratory case study design, data were collected with eight interpretive techniques and analyzed using thematic methods. Findings: Paris employed a “content-based approach” to teaching character education and taught the moral content of human flourishing, virtue, and practical wisdom via jump rope, rock climbing, and parachute-based physical education content. Her character pedagogies of affect were explicit and implicit in nature and shaped around the skills themes, multiskill, and multiactivity pedagogical models. The factors influencing Paris’ efforts were identified. Conclusion: This study contributes to the affective literature from a theoretical, methodological, and practical perspective.

Preliminary Program Evaluation of Pocket PE 3-5™, A User-Friendly Digital Application for Teacher Skills Training and Physical Education Activities for Third- to Fifth-Grade Elementary Students.

In the United States, many classroom teachers also teach physical education (PE). However, there is a dearth of evidence- and standard-based PE programs designed to support classroom teachers to deliver PE effectively in schools. The purpose of this study was to establish proof-of-concept for the Pocket PE 3-5 digital app in school settings with 10 third- to fifth-grade classroom teachers. We assessed fidelity of program implementation, measured via observations of PE quality. Students used wrist-worn heart rate monitors during Pocket PE 3-5 lessons to measure time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Program feasibility was primarily assessed through teacher-reported surveys of usability, satisfaction, and acceptability and exit interviews. Mean PE observation scores were 18.6 (SD = 1.5) on a scale of 5 to 20. On average, students spent 56.7% (SD = 13.1%) of class time engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Mean survey scores, reported on a 5-point scale, were 4.5 (SD = 0.6) for acceptability, 4.8 (SD = 0.4) for usability, and 4.7 (SD = 0.7) for satisfaction. Teachers liked how easy the app was to use but mentioned some technological challenges. This program evaluation study established the proof-of-concept for the Pocket PE 3-5 elementary school PE program.

Profil Guru Penjas SD Kecamatan Dukuhturi Kabupaten Tegal Tahun 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the profile of elementary school physical education teachers in Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency and to find out and analyze the views of elementary school physical education teachers in Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency in 2021 regarding 4 standard teacher competencies. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research location is in the Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency. The results of this study are a clear picture of the condition of the profile and competence of physical education teachers in the Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency in 2021 which was obtained through interviews, observations and also documentation. From the results of interviews and observations that I have made of physical education teachers in the Dukuhturi District, Tegal Regency, they are quite good at understanding the 4 teacher competency standards (pedagogic, personality, social, and professional competencies). The conclusion of this study is that teachers are able to know what to do during the pandemic in teaching and learning activities so that students remain enthusiastic and enthusiastic in participating in learning. The competencies possessed are also good in terms of pedagogics and professionals, as well as very good in terms of social and personality.

Peran Guru Pendidikan Jasmani Sekolah Dasar dalam Meningkatkan Pelaksanaan Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di SD Negeri Se-Desa Kayen Kabupaten Pati

This study aims to determine the role of elementary school physical education teachers in improving the implementation of UKS in public elementary schools throughout Kayen Village. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a population of 6 Public Elementary Schools in Kayen Village and the sample used by all physical education teachers in State Elementary Schools in Kayen Village is 6 teachers (total sampling). The test instrument uses a questionnaire and documentation. The analysis technique uses the percentage score formula and the descriptive percentage analysis criteria table from Sudijono in 2009. The results show that the role of physical education teachers in improving the UKS of Public Elementary Schools throughout Kayen Village, Pati Regency is carried out well along with several factors such as: instilling healthy living habits (67%) , teaches students hygiene (83%), supervises and checks the cleanliness of the school environment (50%), performs first aid and light treatment (67%), recognizes signs of infectious diseases and their consequences (67%), knows efforts as an action next (83%). The role of physical education teachers in UKS activities at State Elementary Schools throughout Kayen Village has been going well, because they have taken 6 factors to support the implementation of UKS.

Inclusive Instruction in Elementary Physical Education: A Study of Teachers' Beliefs and Attitudes

Teachers' beliefs and attitudes about teaching students with disabilities in a physical education setting are the most important factors in inclusive education, as teachers' attitudes directly influence success in learning. This study aimed to assess physical education teachers' beliefs and attitudes regarding teaching students with disabilities in inclusive primary schools. A qualitative approach was used with a sample of 12 physical education teachers from 24 inclusive education-provider schools in Pekanbaru. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observation checklists and analysed using content analysis. Findings showed significant variation in teachers' beliefs regarding the potential of students with disabilities in physical education. While some teachers showed a strong belief in the abilities of these students, others remained sceptical. In addition, some teachers were more confident in teaching students with mild disabilities compared to students with more severe disabilities. These findings underline the importance of improving teachers' understanding of the potential of students with disabilities in the context of physical education. This research contributes to a better understanding of physical education teachers' perspectives on inclusive education, which serves as a basis for improving training and support strategies for teachers who face challenges in teaching students with diverse disabilities. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of creating an inclusive school environment to support more effective inclusive education practices.

Enhancing the Legitimacy of High School Physical Education

Compared to elementary physical education, high school physical education has historically lacked quality. Students struggle to find relevance in the subject, team sports dominate the curriculum, and teachers generally do not actively teach to the extent of their elementary counterparts. Though the need for change has long been acknowledged, substantive change has failed to permeate practice. Indeed, the same issues that plagued high school physical education 30 years ago continue to do so today. This article presents a splintered identity, misaligned curriculum, and a negligible commitment to teaching as fundamental issues that should be addressed if high school physical education is to successfully enhance its status in the eyes of key stakeholders, including students, other teachers, administrators, parents, and policy makers.

Parents Knowledge of Appropriate Teaching Practices in Elementary School Physical Education Programs

Having parental support in a child’s education is very important. Parents are, and can be, a valuable force when it comes to their child’s education. The purpose of this study was to investigate parent’s knowledge of appropriate practices in their child’s elementary physical education classes. The data were obtained by surveying 311 parents. Parents were asked to complete a 40-statement survey dealing with appropriate practices in elementary physical education. The data showed that parents tended to correctly identify appropriate practices in their child’s elementary physical education class. Yet, from the 40 survey statements, six statements were incorrectly answered by a majority of parents. It is hoped, if parents are more educated regarding their child’s physical education experience, then there is a greater chance they will be more willing to support, or continue to support, elementary physical education in their child’s education.

Channeling Your Inner Sasquatch: Bringing Outdoor Adventure Learning to Elementary Physical Education

Outdoor adventure learning not only meets National Physical Education Standards but also has received accolades for its ability to cognitively engage students of all ages. The inclusion of outdoor pursuits and recreational activities has been shown to benefit students physically, socially and emotionally. Yet, few resources exist for physical educators who are interested in including outdoor adventure learning into their curricula. Currently, the resources that are available are tailored to secondary (high school and middle school) settings. Therefore, this article provides elementary-appropriate activity ideas to help physical education teachers capture the benefits of adventure lessons while eliminating barriers such as time, space and money.

Management Policy for Standardization of Physical Education Learning Infrastructure at the Elementary School Level in Langsa City, Indonesia

This study analyzes the management policy of standardizing elementary school physical education learning infrastructure in 66 schools in 5 sub-districts of Se-Kota Langsa. This study aims to explore, find, and provide policy recommendations for standardizing infrastructure facilities to support effective learning. The implication is that if every elementary school has adequate infrastructure, it will impact the quality of learning. This approach uses qualitative policy research design. The study subjects were 66 elementary school principals, two from the education office, and local government. Data collection by observation, documentation, interviews, and literature studies. Data analysis uses data collection, data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and data validity by triangulation to find the validity of research data. The results of research from 66 elementary schools in Langsa City showed that only five schools met the standards, 61 schools did not meet the requirements, and the category was not feasible for infrastructure in terms of at least four aspects, namely the width of the infrastructure sector, building area, classrooms, and installations according to Permendiknas No. 24 of 2007 concerning learning infrastructure standards at the elementary level. From these four aspects, at least 61 schools located in narrow areas are not feasible to build standardized classrooms and sports infrastructure, at least multipurpose courts that can play badminton, volleyball, and mini soccer courts to support the learning activities of elementary school students. In contrast, five schools meet minimum standards and are fair. The impact of inadequate physical education infrastructure in 61 primary schools has been modified so that students are ineffective in learning.

Elementary physical education teachers’ perceptions of socializing agents during the COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of this study was to explore elementary physical education teachers’ perceptions toward prominent socializing agents (e.g. students, administrators, and parents/guardians) and related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 15 elementary physical education teachers participated in semi-structured interviews. Using conventional qualitative content analysis techniques, these themes were identified: (a) teachers' perceptions of working through the pandemic, (b) teachers' perceptions of parental/guardian support through the pandemic, (c) teachers' perceptions of parental/guardian support through the pandemic, and (d) thinking beyond the pandemic. Participant data highlights that the pandemic's impact on elementary physical education teachers was not uniform across all experiences. Instead, teachers’ experiences through the pandemic were distilled across a continuum. This study offers additional evidence on key socializing agents’ impact on physical educators and discusses future practical and research-based considerations for the field.

The effect of the CGFU-PM515 learning method on the motivation and physical activity of elementary school students

Introduction. Increased student motivation correlates directly with active student behavior. Not only does motivation enhance students' active participation, but it also fosters their physical development in physical education classes. Purpose. This study aimed to examine the impact of the Coaching Game For Upgrading Performance Model 515 (CGFU-PM515) on students' motivation during physical education lessons in elementary schools. Methods. The research employed a Quasi-Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Seventy-five elementary school students participated in this study. The research procedure involved having students undergo lessons both without and with the application of the CGFU-PM515 concept. After the lessons, students were given the CMEF Physical Education Basic Education questionnaire to assess their motivation levels before and after the introduction of the CGFU-PM515 concept. Results. Findings indicate that students' motivation improved following the integration of the CGFU-PM515 method. The N-Gain Score analysis revealed a value of 0.73, which is interpreted as high. Additionally, a Wilcoxon test was conducted. Results from this test showed a significant increase in motivation among the 75 participating students. Conclusion. The study concludes that the CGFU-PM515 approach positively impacts student motivation in elementary school physical education lessons.

초등체육에서 놀이의 교육적 가능성에 대한 비판적 고찰

초등체육에서 놀이의 교육적 가능성에 대한 비판적 고찰