Element Of Public Administration Research Articles

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТРАНСКОРДОННОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА В РОЗРІЗІ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ

In the article the essence of institutional mechanisms of cross-border cooperation has been analyzed, the necessity of improvement and harmonization of domestic institutional ensuring with similar factors in the European Union countries has been emphasized. It is noted that state regional policy represents a complex of organizational, legal and economic measures that are being carried out by the state in the field of country’s regional development, taking into consideration current socio-economic conditions of the regions and strategic tasks as a whole. The main point of institutional mechanism as an element of public administration is considered through the system of institutions, organizations and establishments with different level and status which ensure state policy implementation in a certain sphere. It has been mentioned that among varieties of institutional forms of the development of cross-border regions the principal ones are: Euroregions, cross-border partnerships, cross-border clusters, European communities of territorial cooperation, as well as industrial zones and technoparks. Taking into account the imperfection of institutional mechanisms for the implementation of transborder cooperation it is necessary to adapt national legislation of Ukraine to the EU law standards and create relevant legislative acts that will encourage the performance of requirements of a single domestic market of the EU and the gradual approximation of Ukraine to a holistic European economic space for a sustainable TBC development. It is pointed out that one of the reasons connected with heterogeneity of boundary territories’ development is insufficient level of institutional and organizational ensuring. It has been noticed that non-effective application of European institutional mechanisms of cross-border cooperation stipulates a necessity of their investigation and operation’s assessment in view of institutional theory.

ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД СТРУКТУРУВАННЯ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.

Telegraph Department as a Structural Element of Public Administration in Russia in 1865—1881

The issue of the formation of one of the central communication management bodies of the Russian Empire — the Telegraph Department is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the features of the evolution of departments to improve the mechanism of public administration at the present stage. The author provides an overview of the views of historians on the establishment and liquidation of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs. Particular attention is paid to the activities of the Ministers of Posts and Telegraphs I.M. Tolstoy, L.S. Makov and Director of the Telegraph Department K.K. Luders. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the author reveals and clarifies previously unknown aspects of the functioning of the Telegraph Department. New data from archival sources are introduced into scientific circulation. The results of a comparative analysis of the number and financial position of officials of the Telegraph and Post Departments are presented. It has been proved that the maintenance of the personnel of the communication structures was developing towards equalization, expressed in a decrease in salaries in the Postal Department and an increase in the Telegraph departments. The author dwells on the consideration of the privileges of officials of the Telegraph Department and the position of women employees.

BIOPOLITICS AS AN ASPECT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN NON-LIBERAL POLITICAL REGIMES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PRC)

The article focuses on the potential applicability of biopolitics to modern elements of public administration in non-liberal political regimes on the example of China. M. Foucault's biopolitics is a rather difficult concept to use for the analysis of modern countries of the East due to the initial connection of the concept to the Western intellectual tradition. Based on analysis of the various researches in biopolitics, we propose to look further into strategies for expanding the concept to determine the most suitable for the study of public administration in non-liberal political regimes on the example of the PRC. It is noted that modern China, being an example of a non-liberal political regime, has signs of biopolitical state governance. It is concluded that biopolitics as a technology of power over the population is not an exclusive part of liberal governance.

Social Equity and Popular Culture: Gender and Gender Identity on TV

Social equity is an important element of public administration and policy, and theoretically is as important as economy, efficiency, and effectiveness by the National Academy of Public Administration. Social equity, which focuses on fair and just processes and policy outcomes, has largely related to race and gender, but its application to gender identity is coming to the fore as various states and localities adjust their policies related to identification. Advancing social equity requires difficult conversations as well as organizational and policy efforts. This article explores the role of social equity conversations—nervous conversations—and how they are portrayed on television. Two series of nervous conversations related to gender and gender identity, in Modern Family and Grey’s Anatomy, are analyzed via Gooden’s “Race Talk Strategies” framework. This analysis considers the effectiveness of these conversations as well as how portrayal of these conversations may influence social equity in the real world.

Модель взаимодействия населения и местного самоуправления на основе доверия и координации

The theory of organizational culture by G. Hofstede, the section of individualismcollectivism is defined as interdisciplinary foundations. The autonomy and independence of local self-government, contained in Russian and European legal provisions, is not the norm, it has been proven to increase the level and is an element of the social capital of developed countries. In this model, elements of public administration at the local level, their interaction and influence on the final result of the activities of local authorities are proposed. The category elements included in the model were obtained by the method of comparative analysis with the identification of differences in local government systems in the process of their strategic development.

Osnovni koraci u razvoju javne uprave u Mađarskoj

After a brief outline of the past, the study focuses on the three main elements of public administration: the organization, the tasks and competences, and the characteristics of the staff. Different but complementary research methods (historical, comparative and dogmatic) show the changes in the management and operation of state administration over historical periods. The formal, subordinated administration has gradually given way to a customer-friendly, service-oriented administration. The corresponding organizational framework is the government window system, while the institutions the Act of General Administrative Procedures provide the opportunity to implement fast, cheap and efficient state services. The commitment, skills, and professionalism of the public administration staff remain the most important factor for the realisation of a modern, service-oriented state. Changes like state administration are not straight-line, but the tendency is the strengthening of the help and service image.

Gestão florestal no estado do Amazonas em tempos de pós-descentralização

Os principais problemas enfrentados pelas instituições florestais diante de interesses diversos são o estabelecimento e o cumprimento das regras de uso e proteção dos recursos florestais. Essa perspectiva é o foco deste estudo, o qual visa evidenciar o grau de desenvolvimento da gestão organizacional das instituições responsáveis pela gestão florestal do Estado do Amazonas no ambiente pós-descentralização. A pesquisa identificou dois endereços institucionais responsáveis pela gestão das florestas: a Sepror e a SDS, os quais desempenham papéis dispersos nas duas instâncias de administração direta. Esta dualidade evidencia conflitos de atribuições. Vistos como elementos de gestão pública, esses endereços são deficientes na perspectiva dos servidores públicos e usuários. Dentre as fragilidades institucionais apontadas, ressalta-se a falta de um pacto entre governo federal e estadual quanto à descentralização. Isso contribui para o atual quadro da institucionalidade florestal no estado, responsável pela gestão do maior remanescente de cobertura florestal do país.

Повышение открытости бюджета как элемент государственного управления (Increasing the Openness of the Budget as an Element of Public Administration)

Russian Abstract: В представленной работе была определена роль открытости бюджета в социально-экономическом развитии государства, изучены теоретические особенности использования бюджета в государственном управлении; проведена систематизация зарубежного опыта по внедрению открытости бюджета, также проанализирована степень влияния прозрачности государств; проведен анализ отечественного опыты по внедрению системы прозрачности бюджета, бюджета для граждан, народного бюджета, инициативного бюджета и партисипаторного бюджетирования на федеральном и региональном уровнях; выявлены позитивные и негативные последствия повышения открытости бюджета на различные процессы в системе государственного и муниципального управления для Российской Федерации. English Abstract: The presented work determines the role of openness of the budget in the socio-economic development of the state, studies the theoretical features of the use of the budget in public administration; carries out the systematization of foreign experience in introducing openness of the budget, also analyzes the degree of influence of the transparency of states; analyses of domestic experiments on the implementation of the system of budget transparency, the budget for citizens, the national budget, the initiative budget and participatory budgeting at the federal and regional levels; reveals the positive and negative consequences of increasing the openness of the budget to various processes in the system of state and municipal government for the Russian Federation.

THE IMAGE OF A LEADER IN THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL EXISTENCE (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)

It is noted that the approach to the system of public administration is changing in the conditions of changing geopolitical vectors of development of the leading countries of the world and with the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It turns out that one of the main elements of public administration is usually a number of instruments that directly or indirectly affect the development of states and interstate relations. The main threat in the modern global space is emphasized, namely local conflicts and among such conflicts the most extraordinary phenomenon is "hybrid wars". Hybrid threats have their own extraordinary structure, a set of tools through which the main goals are realized, namely the victory or realization of certain geopolitical tasks. Quite often such a victory or promotion of "hybrid confrontation" is possible under the use of certain technologies of influence, in particular through the formation of certain stable images, including the image of the leader. The authors believe that the main driver of hybrid confrontation is a set of measures, manipulative techniques, psychological techniques that motivate or demotivate the parties to the conflict, thereby helping to intensify specific conflict genes. Thus, psychological factors can and do change the system of political orientations, provoking and stimulating the source or sources of certain conflicts. On the other hand, politics and political processes use psychological manipulation techniques to influence the broad masses of the population, in order to create a certain background color during operations related to the deployment of "hybrid confrontations". It turns out that propaganda, as an instrument of political manipulation, is used at a much higher level of political skill, which undoubtedly expands the impact on the masses. Such influence on the masses is also due to the formation of the image of the leader.

Selected Issues Concerning Public Tasks of the Communes in Poland and Germany

The purpose of this article is to present a comparative conceptualization of the tasks of Polish and German communes seen as the principal units of territorial self-government responsible for the completion of public tasks. The commune, as the basic element of public administration, is the one closest to the citizen and his or her needs. Therefore, it is capable of fulfilling all public tasks completely and satisfying all the necessary elementary needs of the community and its members. This article presents the schemes of the territorial self-government structure in both countries; the scope of public tasks and the way of these tasks are fulfilled by the communes. Keywords: comparative method, Polish and German communes, territorial self-government, public tasks

The formation basics of the national anti-corruption strategy in the context of the political transformations in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state to prevent corruption in Ukraine. Through the use of modern scientific methods, suggested new approach-es to the study of corruption as a negative factor in the process of reforming public administration. Identified the problematic issues of formation of legal mechanism for combating corruption. Based on the analysis of publications of domestic scien-tists, the modern problems of theoretical and practical content of counteraction of corruption. Given the direction of the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy in the context of the demands of the international community. Special atten-tion is paid to the formation of rational mechanism of fighting corruption in govern-ment. Went to his place the social dimensions of corruption counteraction in the direction of public dialogue and interaction between government, business and society.The issues of formation of national anti-corruption strategy In the article are inves-tigated. A comprehensive review of theoretical and practical problems of forming anti-corruption policy of the government as an element of public administration is implement-ed. The role of regulation as part of anti-corruption policy is shown. Clarified anti-social and anti-state nature and content of corruption through constitutional and legislative justification of the importance of prevention and counteraction of corruption in bodies of power. This article analyzes the conditions of forming anti-corruption legislation of Ukraine and suggests directions for the introduction of positive foreign experience of formation of anti-corruption policy. Identify practical recommendations on key ways to improve state anti-corruption policy.

Methods of Assessing the Efficiency of Public Spending on Research and Development Design Work

The study research is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of public spending on scientific research and experimental development (hereinafter - R & D), providing intellectual capital growth and the economy reindustrialization. The urgency of this problem is confirmed by the fact that Russia currently holds a leading position in the world for public funding of research and development (70%), but has a relatively low level of patent activity and imports technology three times more than it exports. Production of the technologies not attractive for business at the expense of the budget is the most important problem hindering enhance of national competitiveness and technological independence, taking into account the current economic and geopolitical challenges. The aims and objectives of the study include following: the development of methodology for assessing the efficiency of public spending on R & D to address the economic, social problems and problems of state security. The study shows that the efficiency of public spending undertaken by public authorities, as the main managers of budgetary funds can be evaluated and analyzed based on strategic targets, as well as basic and advanced performance indicators of investment in R & D. This assessment will, if necessary, timely adjust the direction of spending in order to achieve maximum cost-effectiveness. We prove that the assessment of the public spending on R & D effectiveness is an essential element of public administration that provides reindustrialization by creating a critical mass as a fundamentally new technologies and techniques removing import dependence. It has been revealed that the developed method defines a single approach to monitor the effectiveness of the federal executive authorities, aimed at developing an innovative economy that provides a transition to more efficient management models of R & D investment. Key indicators and the procedure for determining the effectiveness of public financial support for the implementation of research, development and engineering works, and use of R & D results into economic circulation have also been identified in order to ensure sustainable economic development. It is concluded that the method of evaluating of the public spending on R & D effectiveness, proposed by the authors, will help to make timely management decisions contributing to the achievement of economic, social problems and problems of state security. In turn, this should facilitate the transition to a new model of innovation development of economy based on the timing of investment flows in research and development, patent activity, as well as the import of technologies, licenses and high-tech products. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p250

Proverbs and the Evolution of Public Administration

In “The Proverbs of Administration” Herbert Simon lodged two criticisms of existing scholarship in public administration – the theories of administration are inconsistent and often contradictory and our body of empirical knowledge is completely lacking. Simon then proposes a preliminary roadmap to a solution with four parts: creating clear concepts, establishing efficiency as the guiding principle for public administration research, focusing on decisionmaking as the essential element of public administration, and weighting how various criteria might lead to efficiency. His essay is more in the tone of nailing 95 theses to the door of a church rather than a systematic empirical critique of the literature; it is as much an invitation to debate as it is the final word on the status of public administration at that time. This essay revisits the Simon criticism in light of the evolution of public administration. It asks what progress we have made in terms of the Simon roadmap.

Vulgar Ethics for Public Administration

Can goodness be taught? How? Though committed to ethical concerns in the teaching and practice of public administration, this article warns how little basis there is for an evidently burgeoning confidence in the ability to prepare others to do good actions. Yet skepticism is not despair, and ethical reflection is surely required. Ethics may, paradoxically, be both the easiest and the most difficult element of public administration to teach. This article examines the possibilities of teaching a "vulgar ethics" of public administration.

A Parent's license

NOTES 1. Mosher, Frederick C., The Changing Responsibilities and Tactics of the Federal Government, Public Administration Review (NovemberDecember 1980): 547. 2. Training and Recruiting Executives, Public Administration Review, X (Autumn 1950): 301. 3. Marx, Fritz Morstein, Elements of Public Administration (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1946), p. 95. 4. Stein, Jay W., Career Shifts for Federal Administrators, Macomb, IL: Western Illinois University, 1979. 5. Corson, John J., and Paul, R. Shale, Men Near the Top: Filling Key Posts in the Federal Service (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1966), p. 77. 6. Beyer, Janice M., et al., Predicting How Federal Managers Perceive Criteria Used for the Promotion, Public Administration Review (January-February 1980): 59.

International assistance policy and development project administration: the impact of imperious rationality

Administration of assistance projects by international lending agencies has come under increasing criticism during the past decade, a period when development projects have become primary instruments of international investment and an important element of public administration in developing nations. As a result international assistance agencies drastically reorganized their lending procedures during the early 1970s, creating complex requirements for project planning, appraisal, and implementation. But the formal procedures have become so complex that they are now beyond the administrative capacity of most developing nations and, perhaps, of the assistance agencies themselves. Evaluation reports reveal serious gaps between prescribed procedures and actual behavior at each stage of the project cycle. International requirements for project planning and implementation not only impose on developing nations a set of “rational” procedures that are often unrelated to political, administrative, and cultural constraints, but the attempts of Third World countries to conform may be adverse to their own interests.

Elements of Public Administration

Elements of Public Administration

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Elements of Public Administration. Edited by Fritz Morstein MarxThe Anatomy of Peace by Emery Reves.War, Sadism & Pacifism. By Edward Glover.Peace & The Public: A Study in Mass‐Observaation.The Comforts of Unreason: A Study of the Motives behind Irrational Thought. By Rupert Crawshay‐Williams.The British General Election of 1945. By R. B. McCallum and A. Readman.The Last Days of Hitler. By H. R. Trevor‐RoperLabour's Plan for Plenty. By Michael Young.Aspects of British Economic History, 1918‐1925.Struggle For Germany. By Russell Hill.Municipal Health Services. By Norman Wilson.