Plot Elements Research Articles

Cultural Characteristics of Female Hero Images in Intangible Cultural Heritage Films

In Chinese films with intangible cultural heritage themes, female images are an indispensable presence. Particularly, several renowned female hero figures derived from folklore literature, such as Liu Sanjie, Ashima, and Hua Mulan, stand out as symbols of both traditional Chinese heroines and the cultural zeitgeist. This paper utilizes Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to analyze the characteristics of these three representative intangible cultural heritage-themed folk literature films. By employing text analysis methods, it examines the elements of costume, dialogue, setting, and plot in these films. These symbolic elements elucidate the development of female characters and cultural transformations, revealing how traditional culture is represented and transmitted in modern media. The paper also explores the crucial role and value of women in the preservation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, offering suggestions for better shaping the images of female heroes in intangible cultural heritage-themed films.

Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) Bioaccumulation and Translocation by Erigeron canadensis L. in Polluted Soil

This work aims to assess the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil–plant system (Erigeron canadensis L.) in the zone of anthropogenic impact in Dnipro city, a significant industrial and economic centre of Ukraine. Sampling was carried out at three locations at distances of 1.0 km, 5.5 km, and 12.02 km from the main emission sources associated with battery production and processing plants in Dnipro. The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed using atomic emission spectrometry from soil and parts of Erigeron canadensis L. The highest concentrations of elements in the soil, both for the mobile form and the total form, were determined to be 48.96 mg kg−1 and 7830.0 mg kg−1, respectively, for Pb in experimental plot 1. The general ranking of accumulation of elements in all experimental plots, both for the plant as a whole and for its parts, was as follows: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb. Zn for plants was the most available heavy metal among all studied sites and had the highest metal content in the plant (339.58 mg kg−1), plant uptake index (PUI-506.84), bioabsorption coefficient (BAC-314.9), and bioconcentration coefficient (BCF-191.94). According to the results of the study, it is possible to evaluate Erigeron canadensis L. as a hyperaccumulator of Zn, Cu, and Cr and recommend it for phytoextraction of soils contaminated with Zn, Cu, and Cr and phytostabilization of soils contaminated with Pb.

Plot dan Pemlotan Pada Novel 'Kereta Semar Lembu' Karya Zaky Yamani

This study examines the plot and narrative structuring in Zaky Yamani’s novel “Kereta Semar Lembu”, a contemporary literary work offering a complex and innovative narrative. The background of this research focuses on the importance of understanding how plot structure and narrative techniques can affect readers' experiences and emotional engagement. The aim of the study is to analyse the main plot elements of the novel and to explore the narrative techniques used to build tension and climax. The research methods employed include structural and narrative analysis. Structural analysis identifies and outlines plot components such as exposition, conflict, climax, and resolution, while narrative analysis explores narrative techniques such as mixed and episodic plotting. The primary data source is the novel *Kereta Semar Lembu*, with data collection procedures involving in-depth reading and recording of narrative techniques. The main findings indicate that Yamani effectively uses mixed and episodic plotting techniques to create a dynamic and tension-filled narrative. Flashbacks and episodic structure enrich the story, providing emotional depth and building tension towards a satisfying climax. The study concludes that the narrative techniques used in the novel not only enhance the narrative structure but also improve the overall reading experience. The research suggests conducting comparative studies with other works to gain deeper insights into the evolution of narrative techniques in contemporary Indonesian literature.

Ekranisasi Memoar Imperfect karya Meira Anastasia dan Film Imperfect

This research aims to describe how reductions, additions, and variations in changes in plot elements, setting, and characterization appear in the analysis The focus of this research is the memoir Imperfect, written by Meira Anastasia and published in 2018, as well as the film Imperfect: Career, Love and Scales, directed by Ernest Prakasa in 2019. This research is library research that uses qualitative descriptive methods. The data used in this research is all the content of the memoir and film. Meanwhile, the instruments used are the researchers themselves. The data collection technique was carried out by reading novels and watching films repeatedly, then identifying and classifying data related to the process of making films based on memoirs. Findings from this research include: (1) the subtraction aspect has 16 subtractions in the plot element, 1 subtraction in the setting element, and 7 subtractions in the characterization element of the memoir, (2) the addition aspect has 66 additions in the plot element, 7 additions in the setting element, and 25 additions in the characterization element of the film, (3) the variation change aspect has 12 changes in the plot element, 3 changes in the setting element, and 6 changes in the characterization element of the memoir.

A New Historical novel: traditions, evolution and specifics of the genre by the example of Barry Unsworth's novel "Morality Play"

Despite the large number of literary works written, there are still debates in determining the genre structure of the historical novel and the features of its poetics. This is apparently due to the fact that for most experts the focus should traditionally be on history, and not on genre theory. Authors of historical novels help recreate historical images of the past, allowing readers to see the world through the eyes of people who lived in other eras. The historical novel can be both an entertaining genre and a tool for the study of history, stimulating interest in the past and raising important questions about how people lived and acted in different times. Different points of view allow us to better understand the versatility of the genre and its influence both on literature and on the understanding of history and life. The author used the technique of “new historicism” literature. Along with the canons of the historical novel of the 19th century, B. Unsworth resorts to the traditional techniques of the historiographical meta-novel of the postmodern era. This novel represents a new approach to the genre of historical fiction, different from the traditional Walterscottian one. The new historical novel and metaphysical mystery can be viewed through the lens of the new historical novel, which focuses on the historical aspects of the story, accurately recreating the setting of a specific era with each fictional character and event, and taking the reader back to the reality of the 14th century. The murder investigation is an important element of the novel's plot, but it only makes sense if the setting of the era in which everything takes place is recreated. Medieval drama plays an important role here, especially the author's transformation from religious to secular drama. Transformation of genre form is a characteristic feature of modern literature. Barry Unsworth's novels are interesting in that they synthesize several genre combinations and at the same time reproduce aspects of the formation of a new genre for its time – morality tales.

Differential Treatment Effects of Subgroup Analyses in Phase 3 Oncology Trials From 2004 to 2020

Subgroup analyses are often performed in oncology to investigate differential treatment effects and may even constitute the basis for regulatory approvals. Current understanding of the features, results, and quality of subgroup analyses is limited. To evaluate forest plot interpretability and credibility of differential treatment effect claims among oncology trials. This cross-sectional study included randomized phase 3 clinical oncology trials published prior to 2021. Trials were screened from ClinicalTrials.gov. Missing visual elements in forest plots were defined as a missing point estimate or use of a linear x-axis scale for hazard and odds ratios. Multiplicity of testing control was recorded. Differential treatment effect claims were rated using the Instrument for Assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses. Linear and logistic regressions evaluated associations with outcomes. Among 785 trials, 379 studies (48%) enrolling 331 653 patients reported a subgroup analysis. The forest plots of 43% of trials (156 of 363) were missing visual elements impeding interpretability. While 4148 subgroup effects were evaluated, only 1 trial (0.3%) controlled for multiple testing. On average, trials that did not meet the primary end point conducted 2 more subgroup effect tests compared with trials meeting the primary end point (95% CI, 0.59-3.43 tests; P = .006). A total of 101 differential treatment effects were claimed across 15% of trials (55 of 379). Interaction testing was missing in 53% of trials (29 of 55) claiming differential treatment effects. Trials not meeting the primary end point were associated with greater odds of no interaction testing (odds ratio, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.42-15.55, P = .01). The credibility of differential treatment effect claims was rated as low or very low in 93% of cases (94 of 101). In this cross-sectional study of phase 3 oncology trials, nearly half of trials presented a subgroup analysis in their primary publication. However, forest plots of these subgroup analyses largely lacked essential features for interpretation, and most differential treatment effect claims were not supported. Oncology subgroup analyses should be interpreted with caution, and improvements to the quality of subgroup analyses are needed.

On the Mythological Background of the Bylina “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”

The bylina “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber” is one of the most popular Russian epics. Several interpretations of this bylina and of the image of Nightingale the Robber have been proposed: a reflection of the Indo-European storm myth, an Iranian borrowing, the image of a monstrous guard on the border between the two worlds, a reflection of the principal Balto-Slavic myth of Perun and Veles. Each of these points of view is partially grounded but does not exhaust the complicated nature of this narrative. Its mythological background survived three development stages: from the primitive myth based on the zoomorphic image of death to the later dragon-fighting legend and the mixanthropic picture, naturally corresponding to it, which, in its turn, gained its final shape under the influence of the stadially related Iranian epic. The most archaic variant of the plot is represented in a Belarusian fairy tale, in which Ilya Muromets kills Snake the horned Falcon and the tsar Pražor ‘Glutton’, who eats 10 humans (supplying by Falcon) a day. This role of Falcon refers to the mythological notion of a bird that brings the souls of the departed to the god of the underworld. The transition from this original image to the mixanthropic Snake the horned Falcon and Nightingale as well as the echo of the dragon-slaying theme belongs to the later epoch of statehood and the class society. Besides, different versions of this legend consequently correspond to almost all the general plot elements and the basic traits of the demonic characters of the epic of Ferēdūn and Ẓaḥḥāk and of some episodes concerning Karšāsp.Keywords: Slavic folklore, Slavic mythology, bylina, “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”, image of a bird, mixanthropic image, Iranian epic, borrowing.

Ekranisasi novel Argantara karya Falistiyana ke Film Argantara karya Guntur Soeharjanto

This study aims to describe the aspects of reduction, addition and variation changes that occur in the elements of plot, setting and characterization. The object of this research is the novel Argantara by Falistiyana published in 2021 and the movie Argantara directed by Guntur Soeharjanto in 2022. This research is a literary research using descriptive method. The data in this research is the entire text content of the novel and movie. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection technique is to read the novel and watch the movie repeatedly then inventory it into the data inventory format and group the data related to the process of ekranisasid from the novel into the film. The data analysis technique used is grouping data about ekranisasi through the categories of aspects of reduction, addition and varied changes from the novel Argantara by Falistiyana into the film Argantara by director Guntur Soeharjanto, concluding the results and writing a report on the results of the analysis in the form of a thesis. The results of this research are: (1) there are 32 reductions in the plot element, 14 reductions in the setting element, and 25 reductions in the characterization element of the novel, (2) there are 41 additions in the plot element, 7 additions in the setting element and 3 additions in the characterization element of the movie, (3) there are 8 changes in the plot element, 4 changes in the setting element, and 6 changes in the characterization element of the novel. This ecranization process adapts the lives of generation z and the media in the process of changing it.

Специфика реализации семиперсонажной схемы на материале карельских народных сказок

Series of Karelian fairy tales have been documented and analyzed, revealing their intricate structural, compositional, and plot elements. This study delves into connections embedded within these fairy tale narratives. Employing a typological approach, the article scrutinizes representative protagonists, examining the etymologies of their names, the descriptions of their characters, and the motivations behind their actions. This analysis is conducted primarily within the context of the Russian fairy tale tradition. Through a thorough examination of the Karelian fairy tale repertoire, the study identifies stories featuring unjustly persecuted girls and women, as well as fairy tales with unique protagonists such as the “younger brother Tukhkimus” and the “saboteur” Syöjätär and her variants. These tales exhibit distinctive characteristics when compared to the Russian fairy tale tradition. The analysis is grounded in V.Ya. Propp’s structural-semiotic approach, particularly his seven-person scheme of the fairy tale plot. The study effectively demonstrates how ethno-cultural and geographical factors of the region influence the specificities of these narratives.

Red and Black: On the Semantic Invariant in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamaz

The article examines the onomastic aspects of the Karamazov surname in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov, reviewing its primary interpretations. The majority of studies on this subject suggest a Turkic origin, associating the surname with the word qara ‘black’. Existing interpretations of the anthroponym are categorized based on two criteria: the way they interpret the method of encoding information into a literary name and the approach to tracing its transtextual connections. This analytical framework facilitates a novel interpretation of the surname Karamazov, revealing its embedded opposition of “red vs black” (qara ‘black’ vs. kirmiz ‘red’), which permeates various levels of the text, including etymological, historical, literary, textual, and intertextual dimensions. Additionally, the paper compares this opposition with a similar thematic contrast in Stendhal’s novel The Red and the Black, focusing on typological parallels rather than specific names, characters, or plot elements. The authors assert that Karamazov represents a distinctive feature of Russian literature, accommodating multiple interpretations supported by compelling and comprehensive motivations. This nuanced understanding is pivotal for decoding the text, as it underscores the oppositions and conflicts that shape the narrative across different layers of the novel.

Inclusion and Hegemony: Reading Salmān al-Fārisī's Conversion Story

In the otherwise expansive medieval Arabic literature, the scarcity of information concerning the conversion process of the early Islamic community piques interest in the handful of existing conversion narratives.One particular narrative that stands out is the conversion story of Salmān al-Farisi, recounting his transformation from a devout Zoroastrian to a dedicated companion of Prophet Muhammad. In the compilation of stories of Salmān al-Farisi by Louis Massignon named "Khabar Salmān," the persistence of many plot elements across different accounts of the story suggests a deliberate process of repetition and canonization. Recognizing the Salmān al-Farisi story as a site of memory, curation, and elite intentions, this paper considers the purpose of the story in forging Muslim identity, managing intergroup dynamics, and maintaining political power within the early Islamic community.

Первая запись якутского эпоса в контексте традиции

The paper considers the first text of the Yakut heroic epic, recorded by A. Middendorf in the 1840s from an anonymous storyteller, later known as “Eriedel Bergen.” An attempt is made to determine the specific features of the text in terms of its local attribution. The study also provides an opportunity to discuss concrete historical and methodological observations. For a more comprehensive analysis, the author has used a representative sampling of records of the Yakut epic and other genres of narrative folklore of the peoples of Siberia, including Yakut, Russian, and Evenki fairy tales and mythological stories. The structural and semantic features of the recording were revealed that demonstrate the similarity to the texts of the Central Yakut epic tradition, in particular, to the variants recorded later near the Amginskaya Sloboda, Megino-Kangalassky, and Boturussky uluses of Yakutia. The analysis has identified some locally specific motifs and “common places” of the Yakut heroic epic, with the principles of their differentiation and study tested. It is suggested that the traditional international plot about the swapped bride, present in the text of the olonkho, appears to have originated from Evenk folklore rather than Russian fairy tales. A conclusion is made that the local specificity in Yakut epic tales is primarily evident in the specific motifs of the “exterior” plan while having a minimal effect on the core plot elements that remain broadly consistent across the genre’s various “dialect” versions. It would be considerably valuable in the future to map or catalog them.

Сюжетные элементы в лирических новеллах Анны Ахматовой и Ивана Бунина (К проблеме типологических связей)

The article examines the causes and mechanism of the manifestation of plot elements in lyrical poems by I. Bunin and early A. Akhmatova. It is proved that the plotogenic trends in lyrics reflect a new (essentially phenomenological) method of artistic thinking and lead to the formation of a new genre – the lyrical novel. The external details of existence and quasinarrative elements perform the functions of embodying an internal conflict in its dynamic development. The article also reveals the connection between the existential attitudes of the authors and the semantic structure of the novel.

Exploring the Legal Accuracy of Mathematical Models in Crime Sentencing Prediction in the Face of Criminal Procedure Law Practice Needs

Abstract The rapid development of computer science and big data technology, as well as the practical needs of criminal procedure law, provides the possibility and opportunity for mathematical model prediction to intervene in the study of crime sentencing in criminal procedure law. In this paper, we design the legal knowledge base for criminal proceedings with reference to the relevant sentencing standards and sentencing elements in the criminal procedure law. The BERT model mines the key plot elements in the crime instrument, and the Sigmoid activation function is used to classify the key plot elements. Then, a two-layer linear regression model with constraints is introduced to predict the sentencing term of crimes. According to the results of sentencing prediction for crimes with various sentencing terms, the prediction model has a high legal accuracy, with the highest prediction accuracy (0.85) for the 0-3 month type of sentence. It was also found that the prediction model achieved better results in the prediction of sentencing for different types of offenses, with more accurate sentencing for the minor injury type of offenses, with an accuracy rate higher than 0.95. The sentencing prediction model in this paper can assist judges in handling sentencing cases and likewise lay the foundation for intelligent crime sentencing in criminal proceedings.

The Royal Master and El villano en su rincón Revisited: More than the Motif of the Reluctance to see the King

In 1890, in an article titled “Die Nachhamung spanischer Komödien in England unter der ersten Stuarts”, the German scholar A.L. Stiefel solidly demonstrated the clear textual relationship between James Shirley’s The Opportunity and Tirso de Molina’s El castigo del penseque. In 2003, following an intriguing footnote in that article, which pointed to five more dramatic Spanish sources, I postulated another transtextual relationship concerning Shirley’s The Royal Master and Lope de Vega’s El villano en su rincón. My analysis focused on the specific motif that he named “the reluctance to see the king” in the character of the English fool Bombo and the Spanish farmer Juan Labrador. However, after a review of the two plays, it seems clear that there are more textual relationships than the one disclosed in my previous study. Relying on Gerald Genette’s category of transtextuality, this article widens further the scope of the motif, explores its relationship with the topic of court versus country life, unearths architextual transferences of elements of plot and characters, proposes affinities based on the palatine affiliation of both plays and the similarities in the use of the dramatic method of matchmaking, and, finally, reveals the creative use that the Caroline playwright made of his Spanish source.

Why is John’s Apocalypse so Bloody? John’s Use and Subversion of Combat Myths in Revelation 19:11–20:10

The question of violence in John’s Apocalypse is a perennial issue producing numerous treatments with a variety of solutions. Nevertheless, very few of the many treatments seriously engage the combat myths of the ANE and how they may relate to the issue of violence in the Apocalypse. This lack of engagement is surprising given that the Apocalypse seems to draw from the plot elements, characters, and overarching concerns common to combat myths. This essay aims to rectify this by situating the Apocalypse within the combat myth tradition. When one does this, I argue that John’s use of the mythic pattern furnished by combat myths renders the violence of the Apocalypse intelligible while at the same time undermining the violent imagery with strategic departures and alterations.

PLOT IN JUSTIN LIN'S THE FATE OF THE FURIOUS

The research, titled "Plot in Justin Lin’s The Fate of The Furious," aims to explore how the plot is developed in the movie "The Fate of The Furious" directed by Justin Lin and identify the components of the plot structure present in the film. The study utilizes Freytag's plot methods (1863) as its theoretical framework. The research methodology involves determining the data sources, collecting data, and analyzing the data based on Freytag's methods. The data are classified according to these methods, and calculations are conducted to understand the presence and elements of the plot in "The Fate of The Furious." The theoretical foundation for analyzing the plot methods comprises the five steps outlined by Freytag in his book "An Exposition of Dramatic Composition and Art." This theoretical framework is applied to scrutinize the movie, considering both the dialogue and each scene. The findings reveal five essential steps in the plot structure: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and denouement. These plot elements serve as a narrative framework for "The Fate of The Furious," shaping the events, conflicts, and resolutions that unfold throughout the film.

Structural Study of the Short Story Title Eyang by Putu Wijaya

This article aims to determine the structural structure of the short story Eyang Karya Putu Wijaya. The approach used is qualitative by reading and observing Eyang's short stories. The results of the research provide an illustration that the short story Eyang was formed coherently by Putu Wijaya, so that it has coherence and relationships between elements and other elements. The theme raised is about life, this theme is supported by the setting which tells the place and time of events from grandparent's arrival until grandpa hands over the savings he has saved for 20 years. in the future, so that it supports the theme elements and other elements. Apart from the elements of theme, setting and plot, there is another element, namely point of view. The point of view in the lawsuit short story is first person point of view where I am the main character. Apart from having a connection between elements, the short story Eyang also presents the moral values ??that Putu Wijaya wants to convey to readers. The moral message conveyed by Putu Wijaya in the short story Eyang is, to be honest in doing things, not to insult other people, and to be trustworthy in your work. The moral messages conveyed often produce different interpretations from each reader, but Putu Wijaya in writing his short stories is able to make readers appreciate the meaning.

Jaggers the Plotter and the Pretty Child: Masculine Vulnerability to Beauty in Great Expectations

Abstract: This article examines the role of the criminal lawyer Mr. Jaggers in Great Expectations , arguing that beyond his function as the hidden link between Miss Havisham and Abel Magwitch, his masculine vulnerability before the pretty little child who becomes Estella is an essential plot element. Jaggers's decision to save this child from poverty, and perhaps prostitution, characterizes the lawyer as Dickens's main authorial collaborator and key plotter. Jaggers's actions, wholly disclosed in Chapter 51, characterize him thus as a fully rounded minor or supporting character. His motivations to rescue Estella, however, are ambiguous, appearing to be either an example of compassionate chivalry or, in a darker reading, a strategy to control his sexual impulses.

Twenty-First-Century Avengers: Exploration of War, Globalization, and Identity Politics

The economic and cultural impact of the four films forming the saga of The Avengers from 2012 to 2019 stands for the impressive accumulation of superhero fiction in the 21st century, with a remarkable resituation of the topic of war conflict into the popular imagination quite affected by the traumatic beginning of the era in the New York scenario on 9/11. This article intends to analyze the different plot elements in The Avengers (2012), The Avengers. Age of Ultron (2015), The Avengers. Infinity War (2018), and The Avengers. Endgame (2019) to find clues to explain how the Marvel Cinematic Universe accomplishes a complex exploration of the nature of war, and how the films offer new ways of deconstructing simplistic Manichean polarization between good vs. evil. With this objective in mind, the study pays attention to how this deconstruction also needs to concentrate on the decomposition of stereotypes related to identity politics.