Electrospinning Solution Research Articles

Green and highly efficient preparation of superfine fiber yarns via vortex airflow-assisted melt differential electrospinning

Vortex airflow-assisted melt differential electrospinning for preparing superfine fiber yarns was proposed. This method with solvent-free exhibits a higher yield of 20 ± 5.17 m/min compared to the range of 0–5 m/min achieved by solution electrospinning with organic solvents. Simulation and high-speed photography show that the fibers are aggregated by suction airflow and twisted into yarns by vortex airflow. Polylactic acid (PLA) superfine fiber yarns exhibit fine fiber diameters ranging from 0.96 to 5.57 μm, a yarn diameter of 211.7 ± 40.8 μm, and a high tensile strength of 39.4 ± 3.12 MPa. Furthermore, these PLA melt electrospun yarns can be woven into fabric with a water contact angle of 120.1° and triboelectric voltage of 7.41 V, demonstrating their potential in self-cleaning textiles and flexible smart textiles. Moreover, this method is generally applicable to thermoplastic polymers including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polycaprolactone (PCL). It provides a promising approach for green industrialization of superfine fiber yarns.

Gallic acid functionalized silk fibroin/gelatin composite wound dressing for enhanced wound healing

As the incidence of chronic wounds increases, the requirements for wound dressings are rising. The specific aim of this study is to propose a novel gallic acid (GA) functionalized silk fibroin (SF) and gelatin (Gel) composite wound dressing in which GA is used as an antibacterial and wound healing substance. Via electrospinning, SF, Gel, and GA mixed solutions could be conveniently fabricated into a composite nanofiber mat (SF-Gel-GA), consisting of uniform fibers with an average diameter around 134.57 ± 84 nm. The internal mesh structure of SF-Gel-GA provides sufficient drug loading capacity, proper moisture permeability, and proper degradation rate. SF-Gel-GA presents excellent biocompatibility. NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells could adhere and spread stably on the SF-Gel-GA surface with slightly promoted proliferation. In the presence of SF-Gel-GA, the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, includingStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosa, is significantly inhibited in both plate and suspension cultures. A cutaneous excisional mouse wound model proves the efficient ability of SF-Gel-GA to promote wound healing. Compared with pure SF dressing and commercial Tegaderm Hydrocolloid3Mdressing, the wound closure rate with SF-Gel-GA treatment is significantly improved. The histological assessments further demonstrate SF-Gel-GA could facilitate collagen deposition, neovascularization, and epithelialization at wound sites to promote wound healing. In conclusion, a novel SF-Gel-GA composite wound dressing with efficient wound healing activities have been developed for chronic wound treatment with broad healing potential.

Formulation and characterization of nanofibrous scaffolds incorporating extracellular vesicles loaded with curcumin

Due to their small size, flexibility, and adhesive properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold promises as effective drug delivery systems. However, challenges such as the variability in vesicle types and the need to maintain their integrity for medical applications exist. Curcumin, a compound found in turmeric and known for its diverse health benefits, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, faces obstacles in clinical use due to issues like low solubility, limited absorption, and rapid breakdown in the body. This study aimed to incorporate large-sized curcumin-loaded extracellular vesicles (lEVs) into fast-dissolving nanofibers made of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by electrospinning. By using aqueous PVA-based solutions for electrospinning, the presence of curcumin-loaded lEVs in the nanofibers was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, the release study demonstrated high concentrations of the drug in nanofibers containing lEVs. These findings are significant for advancing the development and utilization of active ingredient-loaded EV systems within nanofibrous formulations, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.

A closed-loop sustainable method for the fabrication of electrospun nanofiber using food waste for filtration of particulate matters (PMs) and volatile organic matter (VOCs) from air

Indoor air pollution significantly impacts human health and the environment. Humans suffer the greatest health burden due to inefficient combustion technologies and polluted fuels. Therefore, air filtration is essential for a healthy and prosperous household. This study aims to develop a sustainable approach for the fabrication of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers (ENs) as air filters from food waste materials and offer a closed-loop circular solution and potential replacement for non-biodegradable HEPA air filters. We have tested banana peel extract (BPE), eggshell membrane, chitosan, and starch blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for fabricating ENs. Among the nanofibers investigated for air filtration application, BPE/PVA nanofiber shows the best performance in terms of maximum particulate matter (PM) removal efficiency and minimum pressure drop while incorporating > 50% of the food waste into the electrospinning solution. Adding BPE into a 10% PVA solution leads to a reduction in the hydrophilic behavior of the BPE/PVA nanofiber as compared to neat 10% PVA ENs. The BPE/PVA nanofiber shows minimum pressure drop (156–160 Pa) and highest quality factor (Qf) in comparison with other waste-derived nanofibers with > 98% filtration efficiency of PM2.5. Further, BPE/PVA nanofiber shows the highest adsorption of xylene vapor among other food waste derived nanofibers studied. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that BPE based nanofiber shows the best performance as air filter media among all other food waste-based ENs. The study demonstrates a successful regeneration and reuse of the BPE/PVA filter up to 3 cycles. The leftover material from banana peels after BPE extraction was utilized as a soil ameliorant. It showed 55% soil water retention (SWR) capacity, making it possible to apply in arid regions or crops with high water requirements.

Core-Sheath Fibers via Single-Nozzle Spinneret Electrospinning of Emulsions and Homogeneous Blend Solutions.

The preparation of core-sheath fibers by electrospinning is a topic of significant interest for producing composite fibers with distinct core and sheath functionalities. Moreover, in core-sheath fibers, low-molecular-weight substances or nanosized inorganic additives can be deposited in a targeted manner within the core or the sheath. Commonly, for obtaining a core-sheath structure, coaxial electrospinning is used. It requires a coaxial spinneret and suitable immiscible solvents for the inner and outer solutions. The single-nozzle spinneret electrospinning of emulsions can address these issues, but use of a stabilizing agent is needed. A third approach-preparation of core-sheath fibers by single-nozzle spinneret electrospinning of homogeneous blend solutions of two polymers or of a polymer/low-molecular-weight substance-has been much less studied. It circumvents the difficulties associated with the coaxial and the emulsion electrospinning and is thoroughly discussed in this review. The formation of core-sheath fibers in this case is attributed to phase-separation-driven self-organization during the electrospinning process. Some possibilities for obtaining core-double sheath fibers using the same method are also indicated. The gained knowledge on potential applications of core-sheath fibers prepared by single-nozzle spinneret electrospinning of emulsions and homogeneous blend solutions is also discussed.

Enhancing nitrous oxide chemiresistive sensing performance by reducing ionic Oxygen species adsorption in Gold functionalized Tungsten Trioxide nanofibers

Low-cost nitrous oxide (N2O) gas sensor is in great need to provide real-time information to various stakeholders. Herein, various gold functionalized tungsten trioxide nanofibers (Au-WO3 NFs) with different composition and crystallinity were synthesized by controlling electrospinning solutions and post heat treatment. These sensing materials were systematically exposed to various N2O concentrations at different operating temperatures (i.e., 250 to 450 °C). Among different samples, 1 at % gold functionalized WO3 nanofibers (1 at % Au-WO3 NF) annealed at 600 °C for 24 h shows the highest sensitivity (S = Ra/Ro) of 38.5 toward 100 ppm at 250 °C with experimentally determined limit of detection (LOD) at 2.5 ppm. Although recovery and recovery time improved, the sensitivity reduced with an increase in operating temperatures. The detailed sensing mechanism studies indicated that the high N2O sensing was achieved when there were limited adsorbed ionized oxygen species (e.g., O-). Moreover, N2O adsorption and desorption activation energy were estimated to be 0.13 and 0.87 eV where desorption was more strongly temperature dependent than adsorption.

Incorporation of biomass-derived carbon dots and hydrochar into electrospun polylactic acid membranes: A sustainable zero-waste approach to highly efficient methylene blue, malachite green and neutral red dye removal

Recently, biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) and hydrochar have gained widespread attention for environmental remediation. However, hydrochar is commonly regarded as carbon waste (CW) generated in the manufacture of CDs, and only a few reports have focused on the simultaneous application of CW and CDs. Herein, we propose a sustainable zero-waste approach for efficient dye removal by incorporating CDs and CW into electrospun membranes. CDs and CW were obtained via the one-step solvothermal carbonization of apple peels. The prepared CDs with an average size of 7.36 nm were first added to the electrospinning solution to obtain electrospun polylactic acid (PLA)/CDs fibers, followed by CW-integration via ultrasonication. The optimized PLA/CDs/CW composite exhibited high dye adsorption capacities of 141.99, 130.52, and 110.83 mg/g for neutral red, methylene blue, and malachite green, respectively. These dye adsorption capacities are significantly higher than those of the CD-loaded (70.15 mg/g for MB) or CW-loaded (52.34 mg/g for MB) composites, and are attributable to the rational loading of CDs and CW. Furthermore, the optimized composite exhibited remarkable chemical stability, stable reusability, and the ability to adsorb multiple dyes concurrently. This work provides new perspectives on the development of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials for environmental preservation and remediation.

Bio-Based and Biodegradable Polymeric Materials for a Circular Economy.

Nowadays, plastic contamination worldwide is a concerning reality that can be addressed with appropriate society education as well as looking for innovative polymeric alternatives based on the reuse of waste and recycling with a circular economy point of view, thus taking into consideration that a future world without plastic is quite impossible to conceive. In this regard, in this review, we focus on sustainable polymeric materials, biodegradable and bio-based polymers, additives, and micro/nanoparticles to be used to obtain new environmentally friendly polymeric-based materials. Although biodegradable polymers possess poorer overall properties than traditional ones, they have gained a huge interest in many industrial sectors due to their inherent biodegradability in natural environments. Therefore, several strategies have been proposed to improve their properties and extend their industrial applications. Blending strategies, as well as the development of composites and nanocomposites, have shown promising perspectives for improving their performances, emphasizing biopolymeric blend formulations and bio-based micro and nanoparticles to produce fully sustainable polymeric-based materials. The Review also summarizes recent developments in polymeric blends, composites, and nanocomposite plasticization, with a particular focus on naturally derived plasticizers and their chemical modifications to increase their compatibility with the polymeric matrices. The current state of the art of the most important bio-based and biodegradable polymers is also reviewed, mainly focusing on their synthesis and processing methods scalable to the industrial sector, such as melt and solution blending approaches like melt-extrusion, injection molding, film forming as well as solution electrospinning, among others, without neglecting their degradation processes.

Bioactive electrospun zein fibers integrated with ZnO nanoparticles: In vitro investigations

The objective of the current study was the fabrication and characterization of electrospun zein-ZnO fibers containing various concentrations of cumin essential oil (CEO) (0, 1, 2, and 3% (v/v)). The electrospinning solution's apparent viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension were measured. Also, the electrospun's morphological, color, encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, thermal stability, and release kinetic were investigated. The results represented that following the increase in CEO concentration, the conductivity and surface tension of the electrospinning solution changed from 182.92 μS/cm to 145.22 μS/cm and 19.52 mN/m to 22.35 mN/m, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the homogenous and free-bead structure of electrospun fibers. Besides, the diameter of fibers enhanced with a rise in CEO concentration from 217.13 nm to 321.67 nm. The finding estimated the maximum encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity at about 95.09% and 25.65%, respectively in electrospun containing the highest concentration of CEO (3%). CEO inclusion in electrospinning fibers augmented the value of contact angle, color difference, TPC, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The favorable interaction between the CEO ingredients and electrospinning fibers was confirmed through FTIR and XRD analysis. Furthermore, the incorption of CEO enhanced the thermal stability of fibers. Release kinetic in different simulant (aqueous, acidic, alkaline, and fatty) revealed that Fick's diffusion was the main release mechanism. The highest diffusion coefficient was observed in electrospun fibers containing 3% CEO in the fatty media simulant. These findings could present a new horizon into electrospinning fiber's application in various fields of medicine, tissue engineering, food, and pharmaceutical industry.

Superhydrophobic Electrospun PI/PTFE Membranes with Ultralow Dielectric Constants for High-Frequency Telecommunication.

High-frequency, high-power, and high-speed telecommunication in a complex environment promotes the development of dielectric materials toward a low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, good thermal properties, and long-term reliability. Here, polyimide/polytetrafluoroethylene (PI/PTFE) nanofiber membranes with an inherent super hydrophobicity, excellent dielectric properties, good thermal stability, and enhanced tensile strength were prepared via a simple electrospinning strategy and an imidization reaction. The obtained PI/PTFE membranes demonstrate a superlow average dielectric constant of 1.22-1.27 and a dielectric loss of 0.032-0.048 in high frequency, together with an enhanced tensile strength, benefiting from the special nanofiber-bead structure formed in the composite membrane. The mixing of polyamic acid (PAA) and PTFE in the electrospinning solution endows the obtained PI/PTFE nanofiber membrane with a uniform distribution of PTFE and thus an inherent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156.1 and 159.2° for PI/PTFE-30% and PI/PTFE-40%, respectively. Besides, the hydrophobicity could be kept even after standing more than 10,000 water drops, and the thermal properties exhibited promising results with Tmax = 587 °C and Td5% = 423 °C, rendering these PI/PTFE membranes favorable alternatives for prospective telecommunication.

Electrospinning Recombinant Spider Silk Fibroin-Reinforced PLGA Membranes: A Biocompatible Scaffold for Wound Healing Applications.

Polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) is one of the most attractive polymeric biomaterials used to fabricate medical devices for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Nevertheless, the utilization of PLGA in load-bearing applications is restricted due to its inadequate mechanical properties. This study examines the potential of recombinant silk fibroin (eADF4), a readily producible biomaterial, as a reinforcing agent for PLGA. The PLGA/eADF4 composite membranes were developed by using the process of electrospinning. The spinnability of the electrospinning solutions and the physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite membranes were characterized. The addition of eADF4 increased the viscosity of the electrospinning solutions and enhanced both the mechanical characteristics and the thermal stability of the composites. This study demonstrates that PLGA membranes reinforced with recombinant spider silk fibroin are noncytotoxic, significantly enhance cell migration and wound closure, and do not trigger an inflammatory response, making them ideal candidates for advanced wound healing applications.

Electrospun PVDF-Based Polymers for Lithium-Ion Battery Separators: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in electronic communication, transportation, aerospace, and other fields, among which separators are vital for their electrochemical stability and safety. Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based separators have a large specific surface area, high porosity, and remarkable thermal stability, which significantly enhances the electrochemistry and safety of LIBs. First, this paper reviewed recent research hotspots and processes of electrospun PVDF-based LIB separators; then, their pivotal parameters influencing morphology, structures, and properties of separators, especially in the process of electrospinning solution preparation, electrospinning process, and post-treatment methods were summarized. Finally, the challenges of PVDF-based LIB separators were proposed and discussed, which paved the way for the application of electrospun PVDF-based separators in LIBs and the development of LIBs with high electrochemistry and security.

Application of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Technology in Monitoring of the Preparation of Spinning Solution for Electrospinning

Application of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Technology in Monitoring of the Preparation of Spinning Solution for Electrospinning

The morphology and thermo-regulating properties of electrospun PVA/PEG/Ag nanofibers of water and formic acid solvents

The solvent utilized in the electrospinning solution significantly impacts the morphology and thermal properties of PVA/PEG/Ag nanofibers. To prevent leakage of PEG, solid-liquid phase change, a suitable encapsulation method involves utilizing a combined single-phase electrospinning that incorporates PEG and supporting polymer of PVA. This study aims to investigate the production of thermal-regulating nanofibers from a solution containing PEG 6000, PVA, and AgNO3 precursor using electrospinning method. The influence of water and formic acid as a solvent on the morphology of the nanofibers was examined using SEM. The selected nanofiber characteristics and thermal performance were evaluated through FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, PCM leakage, and DTG tests. SEM images revealed that the formic acid-based nanofibers, consisting of two polymers and two polymer/Ag NPs, exhibited a nanoporous membrane, possibly due to enhanced cross-linking compared to water-based nanofibers. The results of the DSC indicated that fusion and solidification enthalpies of the selected water-based nanofibers were measured as 70.09 and −85.43 J/g, respectively. Unexpectedly, the DSC results indicated higher enthalpies compared to unheated samples. SEM image after thermal cycles, leakage results, and DTG of water-based nanofibers demonstrated their production with thermal stability, reliability, and the potential for creating shape-stable, thermally regulating fabricated nanofibers for various applications.

Electrospun zein fibers loaded with pomegranate flower extract: Characterization and release behavior

In the present study electro-spinning technique was used to encapsulate pomegranate flower extract (PFE) in zein fibers. The effect of PFE concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (v/v)) on the electrospun solution properties, such as surface tension, apparent viscosity, and electrical conductivity were investigated. These effects on various fibers properties including morphology, thermal properties, structural characteristics, morphology, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and release behavior was also evaluated. The results revealed that, increasing the PFE concentration (0–15%) led to increased surface tension and electrical conductivity and decreased the apparent viscosity of the electrospinning solution. This caused an increase in the fiber diameter from 217.1 to 722.2 nm with considerable EE (92.21–96.1%) and loading capacity (LC) (12.3–36.1%). Increasing the PFE concentration increased the surface hydrophilicity (contact angle of 93.21° and 57.82° respectively for 0 and 15% PFE loaded electrospun). Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results showed that all the fibers were uniform and free of beads. Also, molecular interaction between the PFE and zein has been confirmed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). DSC results indicated that the thermal stability were increased with increasing PEF concentration. The study also showed that the release of the PFE was slowest in a fatty food simulant. The primary release mechanism in simulated environments was Fickian diffusion. This research demonstrated that PFE loaded zein fibers can be used successfully in drug delivery, active packaging, and cosmetic products.

Methods for Fabrication of Self/Free Standing Nanocellulose (NC)-Nano Montmorillonite (N-MMT) Composite Films/Sheets — A Review

Plastic pollution looms large as a formidable foe to the environment. Enter cellulose nanofibers, the shining stars in the quest for innovative, eco-friendly paper-based packaging that is not just renewable, but also recyclable and biodegradable. These cellulose wonders boast impressively low oxygen permeability, but when it comes to water vapor, they fall short compared to traditional packaging plastics like LDPE. To tackle this challenge, researchers have been crafting composites by blending cellulose nanofibers with inorganic nanoparticles, such as Montmorillonite clay, which helps to curb water vapor permeability. However, this clever addition comes with a catch — it further complicates the already tricky drainage process during layer formation via vacuum filtration. This review delves into the complex world of nano cellulose-nano-MMT (Montmorillonite) composites, examining their preparation processes, unique characteristics, wide-ranging uses, and their significant contribution to promoting circular economy principles. By combining cellulose nanomaterials with MMT, a synergistic approach is taken to develop a new composite material with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. Various fabrication techniques are explored, including solution blending, in-situ polymerization, and electrospinning, allowing for customized design and optimization of the composite material. The review discusses how the nano cellulose-MMT composite demonstrates enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and barrier properties, positioning it as a sustainable option compared to traditional materials. The review also showcases the diverse applications of these nano-composites in fields like packaging, biomedical devices, and environmental cleanup, emphasizing their alignment with circular economy principles. By examining the entire life cycle of these composites, from production to use and eventual disposal or recycling, the review underscores their role in supporting a circular economy. In light of the ongoing efforts by the scientific community and various industries to identify environmentally sustainable solutions, it is imperative to comprehend the synthesis, properties, and applications of nano cellulose-MMT composites. This understanding is essential for advancing sustainable processing for green material development.

N-doped polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber interlayer for uniform and dendrite free Zn metal battery

The aqueous zinc-ion battery’s (AZBs) inherent safety and inexpensive cost make it an attractive prospect for next-generation energy storage. Nevertheless, AZBs are presently troubled by the formation of Zn dendrites and unwanted side-reactions, which can lead to cycling instability and premature collapse. This study demonstrates the fabrication of an N-doped polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fiber (PCF) network with ionic conductivity using the electrospinning of a PAN solution followed by thermal treatment. Zn plating and stripping behavior can be controlled by using a three-dimensional PCF with a polar functional group as an interlayer covering on the zinc anode. This allows for partially deposited zinc to be accommodated, which ultimately results in zinc dendrite-free deposition on the zinc anode. This phenomenon is initially proven in Zn@PCF symmetric cells, and then it is demonstrated further in Zn@PCF/MnO2 whole cells, where the dendritic Zn anode surfaces become completely smooth and devoid of any features. This results in a charging and discharging cycle that is far longer than one would normally experience. The findings of this study offer a viable path toward the development of dendrite-free AZBs with great performance.

The preparation of melt electrospun fiber containing tandospirone for drug sustained release

AbstractElectrospun fibers membrane is considered an efficient drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery due to its breathability and high drug loading percentage, compared with coating film. However, pollution and safety risk caused by the use of organic solvents during the solution electrospinning process limit its industrialization and direct application in the biomedical field. Herein, a fiber membrane containing tandospirone was prepared using the melt electrospinning process and to be used for sustained drug release. The process of fiber preparation is an eco‐friendly and safe process due to the characteristics of solvent‐free. The in vitro drug release results showed that the fiber membranes containing tandospirone had slower initial drug release and higher end drug release compared with coating film containing tandospirone. The sustained‐release property can be attributed to the crystalline structure of fibers and the higher‐end drug release can be attributed to the spatial packing structures in the fiber membrane. The large pores generated by the stack structure of the large fiber in the fiber membrane leads to low gas resistance (10.7 Pa), which is much lower than that of the coating film (511.2 Pa). Overall, this study presents a green and safe preparation method of fiber membrane containing tandospirone, providing an effective and adjunctive treatments for mental disorders.Highlights The tandospirone‐loaded fiber patch was prepared using an eco‐friendly method. Burst release inhibition and higher final release of tandospirone in fibers. The fiber patch provided excellent breathability compared to coating patch. Fibers with higher crystallinity showed better controlled release.

Composite nanofibres of CuI‐polystyrene via electrospinning through critical control of solvation conditions

AbstractComposite nanofibres of copper (II) with various polymer matrices have been frequently reported. However, due to the lack of solubility of the Cu(I) moieties, Cu(I) electrospinning has proved more challenging. The objective of this study was to find a route to and prepare nanofibres containing copper iodide. This investigation describes the successful electrospinning of composite nanofibres of copper iodide (CuI) and polystyrene (PS) using a combination of two solvents to provide critical spinning conditions. The electrospinning solution was prepared by combining dimethylformamide (DMF) as the main solvent for PS and triethylamine (TEA) as a cosolvent; this mediates the dissolution of CuI. Electrospinning was accomplished under different parameters such as PS concentration, CuI concentration, and applied voltage. The outcome of the process was colored and smooth nanofibres that underwent analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma ‐ mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The analysis findings emphasized the importance of the electrospinning parameters, specifically the concentration of PS and the applied voltage on successful fiber generation. However with control of these conditions composite nanofibres of CuI‐PS with uniform distribution of nanoscale crystallites of CuI can be successfully produced.

Development of two layer fibrous scaffolds for 3D in vitro modelling: Effects of morphology and surface properties on cell proliferation, adhesion and drug sensitivity

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cell models are gaining popularity in cancer research compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models because of their ability to more accurately represent the tissue microenvironment. This study introduces a novel approach for the fabrication of 3D cell culture models by combining modified melt-electrospinning technology and solution electrospinning to create 3D two-layer fibrous scaffolds. By manipulating electrospinning parameters (voltage 11–12 kV and feed rate 0.85–1.55 mg/min), we engineered poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with varying fiber diameters (8.9 ± 2.2 to 23.1 ± 3.4 μm) and pore sizes (32.7 ± 12.8 to 122.5 ± 21.1 μm). Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment at energy density of 0.23 J/cm2 enhanced surface hydrophilicity, evident in a significant reduction in water contact angles from 113 ± 0° to 64 ± 0°. A comprehensive set of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that plasma treatment altered the surface wettability without compromising the scaffold's chemical stability or crystalline structure. Biological assays involving human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells demonstrated high cell viability, indicating biocompatibility of the scaffolds. A pronounced difference in proliferation patterns was noted between MDA-MB-231 and U-87 MG, with the latter fully utilizing voids for the formation of cell aggregates, especially in the “fine” scaffold, indicating the dependence of cell behavior on scaffold architecture, which must be adjusted according to the modelled system and duration. Furthermore, investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin revealed a distinct drug response in 3D cultures, EC50 values of doxorubicin in 3D culture was approximately twice higher compared to 2D. These findings underscore the potential of tailored PCL scaffolds to create more physiologically relevant models for cancer research, tissue engineering, and drug screening applications, highlighting the necessity for careful consideration of scaffold design to achieve the desired in vitro model.