Electronic Supply Chain Research Articles

The Moderating Influence of Enterprise Resource Planning on the Relationship between Electronic Order Processing Systems and Supply Chain Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

The Moderating Influence of Enterprise Resource Planning on the Relationship between Electronic Order Processing Systems and Supply Chain Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Impact pathways: digital product passport for embedding circularity in electronics supply chains

Impact pathways: digital product passport for embedding circularity in electronics supply chains

A Study of Electronic Product Supply Chain Decisions Considering Extended Warranty Services and Manufacturer Misreporting Behavior

In the supply chain management of electronic products, asymmetric cost information is a prevalent issue that can lead manufacturer to misreport costs, thereby exacerbating supply chain imbalances. This study focuses on the electronic product supply chain with an extended warranty service, where the manufacturer bears the after-sales responsibility during the extended warranty period. It explores the decision-making (DM) issues within the supply chain under different information environments and power structures. The Stackelberg game theory is employed to solve and analyze these models, and the main findings are as follows: (1) When supply chain information is symmetrical, centralized DM is the best choice. However, in cases where the supply chain adopts decentralized DM, it is more beneficial for the retailer and the supply chain if the retailer assumes the role of DM leader. Additionally, when the retail price sensitivity coefficient is low, the manufacturer will compete with the retailer for DM priority. Conversely, when the retail price sensitivity coefficient is higher, the manufacturer is better off as a follower in DM; (2) When the supply chain information is asymmetric, the manufacturer may engage in misreporting, which benefits the manufacturer but is detrimental to both the supply chain and the retailer. Moreover, if the price sensitivity coefficient is low, the manufacturer should lead the supply chain DM. Otherwise, the retailer should take the lead in supply chain DM. Adopting such a flexible strategy will prove advantageous for all parties involved in the supply chain. (3) The strategy of “reducing the retail price and increasing the extended warranty price” is a favorable strategy for the supply chain.

AutoDetect: Novel Autoencoding Architecture for Counterfeit IC Detection

The global electronic supply chain industry is a complex and interconnected network of companies, organizations, and individuals that collaborate to produce and distribute electronic devices and components. It plays a critical role in the global economy, as electronic devices have become an essential part of modern life. Electronic components and devices are produced and distributed across the world, with different regions and countries specializing in different aspects of the supply chain. This global nature of the electronic supply chain industry also poses challenges, particularly in terms of quality control and supply chain transparency involving counterfeit components owing to its interconnected nature. Counterfeiting of integrated circuits (ICs) and semiconductor devices is a significant challenge that poses threats to the safety and reliability of electronic devices, the global economy, intellectual property rights, and the overall sustainability of the electronic supply chain industry. To address this challenge, we propose a novel autoencoding architecture for counterfeit IC detection using a labeled database. The proposed architecture achieves an overall accuracy of 83% which is ≈\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\approx$$\\end{document} 20% more than the existing transfer learning approaches.

Tackling the environmental cost of digital technology: Some reflections on a soft law instrument on sustainability in contracts

Abstract This article explores the convergence of digital innovation and its negative consequences (such as e-waste) with modern sustainability goals by looking at contracts. Specifically, it discusses the use of sustainability contract clauses (SCCs) in business contracts as an expression of corporate social responsibility and of self-regulation. It suggests that there is potential in promoting the use of sustainable obligations in the electronics supply chain (the generator of the fastest growing waste source). As little guidance exists on sustainable obligations, this article discusses the possibility of establishing a new soft law instrument that could tackle some of the described legal challenges in the current use of SCCs. In doing so, it reflects on the possible issues of the proposed instrument.

Integrated Forward and Reverse Cross-Docking with Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Under the Uncertainty of Inspection Results: A Genetic-Mathematic Algorithm

Despite the recognized advantages of cross-docking in forward logistics, very few studies have investigated reverse cross-docking, and these studies do not consider the operational uncertainties of returned products in the reverse flow, which is required in practice. This paper introduces a vehicle routing and scheduling problem for the integration of forward and reverse logistics, in which the cross-docking facility is employed as (i) the distribution center in forward flow and (ii) the collection and dispatching center of returned products in reverse flow. We present two modes based on the inspection point: (i) retailer site or (ii) cross-dock. A deterministic mixed integer linear programming model is presented for the retailer-site inspection mode to minimize the total operational costs. For the second mode, a robust optimization counterpart of the modified deterministic model is formulated to account for the uncertainties arising from the inspection results revealed at the cross-dock. A genetic-mathematic algorithm is proposed to solve the large-sized instances. Through numerical studies, we evaluated the performance of the algorithm and demonstrated cost reductions and truck utilization improvements as benefits of integration. Moreover, in sensitivity analyses using a quasi-real case of a personal electronic device supply chain, and employing simulation, the price of robustness of the second model was evaluated by considering various budget sets, which justified the full robustness and application of the cross-dock as the inspection point in the closed-loop supply chain.

System Architecture of Electronic Asset Supply Chain Intelligent Platform for Digital Higher Education

This research aims to design an intelligent platform architecture for electronic asset supply chains for digital higher education and to evaluate the architecture of the intelligent platform for electronic asset supply chains for digital higher education. The sample group consists of evaluations of the intelligent platform architecture for the electronic asset supply chains for digital higher education by experts. These experts assess and certify the appropriateness of the architecture, evaluating the content's suitability and the management processes. The evaluations were conducted by 5 experts who have experience in managing assets in higher education or relevant areas. The research results indicate that the designed intelligent platform architecture for electronic asset supply chains for digital higher education, on average, scored 4.43, which is considered 'good'. The evaluation of its developmental trend from architecture to platform has an average score of 4.80, considered 'very good'. Following that, both the system (Administrators) and the (Webserver and Database Server) evaluations yielded the same average score of 4.60, which is also ranked as 'very good.'

Modelling the traits of consumer resilience: implications to emerging markets

PurposeThe author identifies the traits of consumer resilience in emerging markets, classifies these major traits into five categories and analyses the influence relationships among them with distinctive focus on the psychological and personal resilience aspects.Design/methodology/approachThe influence relations among the traits of consumer resilience from an expert perspective were identified with typical focus on electronic supply chains, and later the same was analysed through an intelligent influence modelling method, the grey causal modelling (GCM).FindingsThe major traits were analysed using the GCM, where the cause–consequence relations were observed for various objectives and the situational effects are noted. By constructing a magnitude plot and further a causal magnitude table, the important influence traits of consumer resilience for the considered case were observed and the same were auxiliary validated using an interpretive structural modelling (ISM) based approach.Research limitations/implicationsAs perceived from the results, it is evident that social support and recommendations from customers emerge as the principal influence traits of consumer resilience from an expert perspective, considering the case. The study can be further extended empirically to validate the findings.Practical implicationsAltogether, the author can recommend for practitioners that the influence of family, society, friends, peers as well as ratings from the customers can determine the level of consumer resilience. Hence, practitioners of customer relationship management can focus on improving the product and brand awareness among customers, so that more customers may recommend for typical products.Originality/valueConsumer resilience depend on several factors, where the author has identified 25 major traits of the same and classified them into five major categories, including individual psychological factors, individual attitudes, individual socio demographic factors, micro environmental factors and macro environmental factors and the influence relations among them were studied from an expert perspective.

Development of electronic supply chain management strategy for food industry

In the current era of communication and competition, companies should concentrate on their main abilities and resources with electronic concept to enhance a reliable priority and get a stronger position in market. In other words, the manufacturers make efforts to develop their qualifications, whilst electronic supply chain management (E-SCM) is used as the supportive tool for the companies' development and reaching their goals. The operation of E-SCM plays a vital role in market and management section which can positively influence the profit and operations of the companies. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of electronic supply chain integration management, supply chain risk management and competitive advantage through modelling the impact of the variables: production, distribution and procurement on the performance of food industries. The present research is based on the objective of the applied type and based on the nature and method of data collection; it is of the descriptive-correlation type. The study population of this research is the companies active in the food industry in Central Asia, from which a sample consisting of 211 companies was selected based on the Chu-Bentler method. Exploratory factor analysis method was used in this research due to the exploratory investigation of different indicators of the E-SCM variable. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, SCM operations were grouped based on the three factors of procurement operations, production operations, and distribution operations, and the effect of these factors on the company’s performance using the structural equation modeling approach using the partial least squares method (PLS) was analyzed. The results indicate that the procurement operation does not have an effect on the company’s performance. Also, the research findings show that the production and distribution operations have a direct and positive effect on the company’s performance and improve the performance.

Examining the role and position of the digital human resource management in economic development

In recent decades, the world of business and human resource management (HRM) has been involved with new changes that have had a major impact on organizations and economic institutions. With the advancement of technology and the expansion of digitalization, the concept of digital HRM has been introduced as a revolution in this field, which has caused major changes in the methods and processes of HRM. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of sustainable human resource practices on the economy, society and environment. Also, the intermediary role of digital HRM is investigated in this regard. The current research is a descriptive survey in terms of practical aim and methodology. The studied population of this research includes 5789 companies operating in industrial cities in Indonesia. The results of statistical analysis show that sustainable HRM has a direct and indirect effect on sustainable performance. Although external electronic supply chain strategy is linked to all three dimensions of sustainable performance, the hypothesis related to the effect of sustainable HRM on society with the mediating impact of internal electronic supply chain strategy has been rejected. Based on the findings, recommendations were presented to managerial sections to enhance sustainability and obtain benefits in the third issues at the same time.

A Study of Electronic Product Supply Chain Decisions Considering Quality Control and Cross-Channel Returns

This article focuses on the return problem of electronic products caused by the low level of quality control in the production process. Based on previous research, a centralized decision model (DM) and four kinds of decentralized DMs are constructed according to the differences in the supply chain decision order and the return loss bearers. Moreover, the impact of quality control on the return rate and market demand is also considered in the model research to achieve the optimization of the model. Using Stackelberg game knowledge to compare and analyze supply chain decisions, profits and influencing factors in different models, the final conclusions are drawn: (1) the decision is optimal and the profit is the highest in the centralized DM; (2) when the manufacturer dominates the supply chain decision, the difference in return loss bearers does not affect the supply chain decision and profit; (3) compared with other decentralized DMs, when the retailer dominates the supply chain decision and the manufacturer bears the return loss, the supply chain decision is better and the profit is higher; (4) the quality control level and the total profit in the five supply chain models are proportional to the quality control effect and the consumer perception of quality control. In addition, this paper introduces a joint contract to coordinate the supply chain under the decentralized DM and achieves the desired results. Finally, the relevant research findings and the validity of the contract are verified in the arithmetic analysis.

Design and Implementation of a Web-based Leather Goods Inventory System using the SCM approachased Astina

UD. Astina is one of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in the production of leather goods such as shoes and sandals. The problems that occur at UD. Astina, that is, there is often a shortage and accumulation of supporting materials which are sometimes unstable. UD. Astina still carries out a transaction system manually and has not been computerized so that it hampers the marketing process for the production of leather goods and slows down the attractiveness of customers at UD. Astina. This research aims to design a system at UD. Astina who assists in optimizing the supply process for leather raw materials that must be available when carrying out production by applying the SCM method.The results of research with the construction of Electronic Supply Chain Management (E-SCM) in managing raw materials at UD. Astina can help make UD work easier. Astina in placing orders with suppliers so that they can anticipate shortages of leather raw material stock. So it can be concluded that Electronic Supply Chain Management (E-SCM) can be applied at UD. Astina in the management of leather raw material supplies.

Blockchain Technology for Securing Electronic Health Records: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

Abstract: The healthcare industry is currently undergoing a digital transformation, and blockchain technology has evolved as a budding remedy because of some of its previous challenges. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, can securely, safely and transparently record and store data. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are electronically stored health information in a digital format. This paper discusses the possible uses of blockchain technology in healthcare and its potential advantages and benefits. The discussion of the paper begins with the challenges faced by the healthcare industry in present time, such as the lack of interoperability, data security concerns, and inefficiencies in healthcare delivery. The discussion then turns to how blockchain technology can help avoid these challenges by offering a secure, immutable, and transparent platform for healthcare data sharing. The paper also discusses how of blockchain technology can be used in healthcare in present time, such as patient identity management, Electronic Health Records (EHRs), clinical trials, and supply chain management. For each use-case, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using blockchain technology and provides some examples of blockchainbased solutions. Also, the paper describes some of the technical factors, such as scalability, privacy, interoperability, and regulatory compliance, that must be taken into account while using blockchain in the healthcare industry. The paper also looks over the challenges and restrictions of using blockchain technology in healthcare, such as the high computational costs and the requirement for standardization. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing the impact of blockchain technology on the healthcare sector, like improving patient outcomes, cutting costs, and enabling new business models. The spotlight of the paper is that in spite of the fact that blockchain technology does not offer a fix for every issue plaguing the healthcare sector, the study argues that it has the capability to be an important tool for improve healthcare outcomes and delivery. In conclusion, blockchain technology has the capacity to modify healthcare by strengthening patient privacy, streamlining data management, and managing clinical trials and the supply chain management. The healthcare sector must address a number of technological, organisational, and regulatory obstacles to fully achieve these advantages. To overcome the above obstacles and enable the wider application of blockchain technology in healthcare, more study and development are required

Research on the influence of social capital on cooperation among subjects in electronic public service supply chain: a supernetwork model analysis

Research on the influence of social capital on cooperation among subjects in electronic public service supply chain: a supernetwork model analysis

Doing Well by Doing Right

Abstract Richard Locke, Ben Armstrong, Samantha Schaab-Rozbicki, and Geordie Young speculate that COVID-related challenges might lead firms to shift their assumptions about workers in ways that open up new political-economic possibilities, with benefits for workers in safety, compensation, and voice. I am skeptical about the idea of such COVID-induced learning. Drawing on an analysis of the costs of high turnover in the electronics supply chain, however, I argue that more generous assumptions about workers appear to have operational benefits. Understanding those operational benefits might lead firms to be less resistant to demands from workers for the kinds of jobs that Locke and his coauthors celebrate.

An enterprise network model for understanding and disrupting illicit counterfeit electronic part supply chains

This article analyses several promising policies in the electronic parts industry for disrupting the flow of counterfeit electronic parts. A socio-technical electronic part supply-chain network model has been developed to facilitate policy analysis. The model is used to understand the technical and social dynamics associated with the insertion of counterfeit electronic components into critical systems (e.g., aerospace, transportation, defense, and infrastructure) and to analyze the impact of various anti-counterfeiting policies and practices. This network model is used to assess the effectiveness of mandatory original component manufacturer buyback programs and the debarment of distributors found to provide counterfeit components. In this agent-based model, each participant in the supply chain is modeled as an independent entity governed by its own motivations and constraints. The entities in the model include the original component manufacturers, distributors, system integrators, operators, and counterfeiters. Each of these entities has dynamic behaviors and connections to the other agents. Since time is an integral factor (lead times and inventory levels can be drivers behind the appearance of counterfeits), the simulation is dynamic. The model allows the prediction of the risk of counterfeits making it into an operator’s system and the length of time between relevant supply-chain events/disruptions and the appearance of counterfeits.

Optimizing the Use of Behavioral Locking for High-Level Synthesis

The globalization of the electronics supply chain requires effective methods to thwart reverse engineering and IP theft. Logic locking is a promising solution, but there are many open concerns. First, even when applied at a higher level of abstraction, locking may result in significant overhead without improving the security metric. Second, optimizing a security metric is application-dependent and designers must evaluate and compare alternative solutions. We propose a meta-framework to optimize the use of behavioral locking during the high-level synthesis (HLS) of IP cores. Our method operates on chip's specification (before HLS) and it is compatible with all HLS tools, complementing industrial EDA flows. Our meta-framework supports different strategies to explore the design space and to select points to be locked automatically. We evaluated our method on the optimization of differential entropy, achieving better results than random or topological locking: 1) we always identify a valid solution that optimizes the security metric, while topological and random locking can generate unfeasible solutions; 2) we minimize the number of bits used for locking up to more than 90% (requiring smaller tamper-proof memories); 3) we make better use of hardware resources since we obtain similar overheads but with higher security metric.

Effect of Supplier Relationship Management on the Relationship between Electronic Data Interchange Integration and Supply Chain Performance in Sugar Manufacturing Firms in Kenya

Globally and in Kenya to be specific, there has been a challenge on cost of manufacturing. Manufacturing cost has been rising for; a status report from the Sugar Directorate indicates that wholesale price of sugar in February 2017 was at average Sh 5, 352 per 50 kg, compared with Sh 4, 432 in the same period last year. In Kenya, sugar cane production decreased from 6.7 million tons in 2013 to 6.5 million tons in 2014 as reported in Economic Survey of 2014. Moreover, despite reporting increased cane delivery in 2015, supply chain in sugar firms remained dismal indicating inefficient firm processes and overall poor performance due to high cost of production. Its argued that supply chain(SC)s may use Electronic data interchange integration(EDII) to mitigate on cost and improve firm performance.SRM is management of all interactions with suppliers, while SCP performance means responsiveness, timeliness and reliability However; studies have not addressed this adequately. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplier relationship management on the relationship between electronic data interchange integration and supply chain performance among sugar firms in western Kenya, the study established effect of electronic data interchange integration on supply chain performance; effect of supplier relationship management on supply chain performance; and effect of supplier relationship management on the relationship between electronic data interchange integration and supply chain performance. This study was anchored on resource based, transaction cost analysis, and social exchange theories. Correlation research design was used. Target population was 300 supply chain employees from 10 sugar manufacturing firms in western Kenya. A sample of 169 was drawn using cluster, purposive and simple random sampling. 10% of the sample was used to pre-test the questionnaire. Questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect primary data. Secondary data was obtained from Company’s’ records. The study concluded that EDI, SRM have significant effects on SCP and that SRM has moderating effect on the relationship between EDI and SCP. The study recommends that adopted EDII in SCP should be implemented consistently for improved performance and because SRM has a significant relationship between EDII and SCP it should been enhanced for increased performance. Findings may provide useful information for policy formulation for faster decision making in enhancing increased customer service level in the sugar firms and availability of research literature for further research

A new model to design the suppliers portfolio in newsvendor problem based on product reliability

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Suppliers' selection problem has always been daunting challenges in the Newsvendor problem. Furthermore, since the failures in the supplier's products cause irreparable damage to the retailer, it is necessary to consider the reliability of products in ordering suppliers' products. This paper develops the Newsvendor model by considering the impactful criteria in supplier selection and product reliability so that the total cost of the chain is minimized in a multi-product and multi-period model with multiple suppliers. While multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) accounts for multiple criteria and their tradeoffs, its application in Newsvendor model is not considered. This paper applies the Bayesian best worst method (BWM), as one of the MCDM methods, for ranking criteria and the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) for prioritizing the suppliers. Then, the obtained weights are plugged into the model as the inputs of the designed model. A case study with real data in the electronic supply chain is considered. To validate the results obtained by the proposed method, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are leveraged to solve the proposed model. Finally, the efficiency of the designed model is verified through a case study.</p>

A vendor-managed inventory model based on optimal retailers selection and reliability of supply chain

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>One of the most common and successful approaches for the integrated supply chain management (SCM) is the vendor-managed inventory (VMI). In VMI, a vendor takes control of the inventory decisions for retailers. To establish a long-run relationship between the vendor and the retailer, it is necessary to consider two impactful factors: the vendors and retailers' reliability, and the optimal selection of retailers. For this purpose, the redundancy allocation problem (RAP), as an effective technique for increasing the reliability of vendors, is used in this paper. Also, the reliability of retailers as well as the reliability of the relationship between retailers and vendors are considered. In the retailer selection, process decisions on impactful criteria are simultaneously considered. For the retailers' selection, one analysis hierarchical process (AHP) is performed for each vendor, and the weights of retailers are obtained. Then, the obtained weights are plugged into the model as the inputs of the designed model. Since the developed model is a non-differentiable, non-convex, and mixed-integer function, genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are leveraged to solve the formulated model. Finally, the efficiency of the presented method is verified through a case study with data collected from the electronic supply chain.</p>