Electronic Work Environment Research Articles

Digital leadership as an approach to addressing organizational obesity according to the electronic work environment

يهدف هذا البحث للتعرف على دور القيادة الرقمية في معالجة البدانة التنظيمية وفقا لبيئة العمل الالكتروني،
 وتمثل ميدان البحث بالجامعات العراقية وتم اختيار عينة من 80 شخصا من ضمن الاداريين والفنيين العاملين في الجامعات في بغداد ، تم الحصول على 71 استمارة كان من بينها 66 استمارة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي بنسبة استرداد بلغت (88.75%). تم صياغة انموذج الدراسة وتحليله باعتماد معاملات الارتباط والانحدار والنمذجة الهيكلية بواسطة برنامجي AMOS v.23 و SPSS v.23. وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة استنتاجات اهمها ان الانتقال الى بيئة العمل الالكتروني يدعم التأثير الايجابي للقيادة الرقمية في معالجة البدانة التنظيمية للمنظمات والمؤسسات العراقية.

Recent progress in nanocomposite-oriented triboelectric and piezoelectric energy generators: An overview

The demand for alternative energy is increasing globally, leading to the increased importance of energy harvesting technologies. Research is being conducted on the manufacture of piezoelectric (PENG), triboelectric (TENG) and electromagnetic nanogenerators (EMG), pyroelectric nanogenerators, electrochemical cells and solar cells, which transform thermal, mechanical, magnetic, chemical and solar energy into electrical energy. Furthermore, work is being done to create advanced hybrid systems that can convert multiple forms of energy into electrical energy simultaneously and adapt to different electronic devices and work environments. It is evident that advances in technology are essential for the development of TENGs, whose performance is influenced by the properties of their constituent elements. Fifty-five percent of the published literature focuses on TENGs, with 34.5% focusing on nanocomposites, owing to their improved properties and potential use in the fabrication of TENGs. However, piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) can also enable low-power electronic devices to collect energy from the motions of biological systems. They demonstrate extraordinary piezoelectric capabilities and a higher power density, conversion efficiency and durability than earlier published prototype nanogenerators. Together, the high open circuit voltage (120 V) and low short circuit current (1.95 A) of PENGs result in a high-power density (7091 Vq).

The Impact of the Use of Computer Technology and Auditing Software on the Efficiency of External Auditors in Jordan

The study aims to achieve the following objectives to identify the impact of the use of electronic work environment tools to increase the efficiency of external auditors, Highlight the importance of using audit programs to increase the efficiency of external auditors. The researcher designed the questionnaire for the current study to identify the effect of using modern technology on the work environment of the external auditors. To analyze the data used by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), the following statistical methods were used: Statistical descriptive methods: represented by arithmetic mean, standard deviation and repetitions in order to obtain the general characteristics of the sample of the study sample. Most results: The computer hardware technology helps the external auditor to test the means of control over the electronic system. The presence of computer technology and tools helps the external auditor to reasonably confirm that the data received for processing purposes is licensed and has been properly translated into computer language. Most recommendation: There should be legislations and laws governing the work of external auditors in the establishments that use the computer, the application of the study to the internal auditors or financial managers and sectors, which helps to integrate the views in the audit process.

System Design of E-Government Office Automation

Office automation is an important link in e-government. Under the new situation, facing a series of new challenges, such as higher requirement of electronic cooperative work environment, the office automation system needs new design. The hardware structure of the E-government office automation system should be divided into two parts of the LAN and the Internet. The overall system frame contains the hardware layer, the system software layer, data access layer, information exchange layer, and application layer and information layer.

The Effect of Group Participatory Learning Process on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Lead Contamination Prevention on Electrical Equipments and Electronic Devices Repairmen and Work Environment in the Area of Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand

The Effect of Group Participatory Learning Process on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice for Lead Contamination Prevention on Electrical Equipments and Electronic Devices Repairmen and Work Environment in the Area of Nakhonratchasima Province, Thailand

Successful Audit Workpaper Review Strategies in Electronic Environments

In a prior paper by Bible, Graham, and Rosman (2005), the authors provided a theory to predict that electronic work environments were more cognitively complex than traditional paper environments and found evidence consistent with the theory. Auditors reviewing workpapers in an electronic work environment were less able to identify seeded errors than auditors who were working in a traditional paper environment. This paper uses detailed concurrent verbal protocols for a subset of the participants in the previous paper to extend this line of research. Specifically, it examines how strategies in electronic work environments would differ from those in traditional paper environments to accommodate the greater complexity of electronic work environments. Of particular interest are the strategies that are applied by those who performed well in each environment, because they provide insight into the type of behavior to be modeled. Consistent with the theoretical frameworks of audit task complexity (Bonner [1994]), cognitive load (Sweller, van Merriënboer, & Paas [1998]; Ayres [2001]; Kester, Kirschner, van Merriënboer, & Baumer [2001]), and the adaptive decision maker (Newell & Simon [1972]; Payne, Bettman, & Johnson [1993]), the results show that successful auditors tended to navigate less (e.g., plan and acquire information) and process more (e.g., rehearse, corroborate, and confirm information that was in memory) in the electronic environment. The implication of these findings for practice is that auditors can use strategies that appropriately reflect or adapt to the complexity of the task environment.

Space Collaboration, and the Credible City: Academic Work in the Virtual University

Collaboration, greatly facilitated by advanced telecommunication networks, has become a dominant mode of conducting academic work. However, when collaborators meet in both physical and “electronic” spaces there are a number of unexamined costs that go with the efficiency and inclusiveness made possible by easy telecommunication-based exchanges. This article asks collaborators to be sensitive to the role that physical space plays in creative human endeavors, and to consider the impact on work accomplished in merged electronic and physical work environments. A history of city space and university space are presented within Richard Sennett's notion of exposure: a delicate balance of fear and stimulation associated with community. The concluding section of this article considers how to build the collaborative university so that the pleasures of physical space are preserved, and the efficiencies of reaching across distances with telecommunications can be leveraged. The article's coda presents a case study, and efforts are made to use hypermedia's attributes to improve the collaboration between author and reader.

The Effects of Electronic Collaboration in Distributed Project Management

The emergence and widespread use of collaborative technologies for distributed project management has opened up opportunities for off-shore outsourcing and collaborative development. However, most tools and techniques for project management focus on on-site, long term relationships and sourcing strategies at a time when interorganizational relationships are becoming more dynamic and geographically dispersed. This paper uses grounded theory to analyze data on virtual teams’ projects. The analysis uncovers “effects” in the way in which distributed projects are managed. These effects relate to coordination, communication and adaptation to distributed electronic work environments. Following an analysis of these electronic collaboration “effects”, a model for distributed project management is presented.

The Effect of Electronic Audit Environments on Performance

This study reports the results of an experiment that examines the impact of electronic work environments on auditor performance. It builds on research that has found that electronic work environments are more cognitively demanding than traditional paper environments and, thus, negatively impact performance. Forty-eight auditors with an average of 78 months of audit experience from one Big Four accounting firm participated. Auditors in the electronic work environment were less able to identify seeded errors and to use them properly in evaluating loan covenants than auditors in the traditional paper environment. Given these findings, suggestions are made as to how to maximize auditor performance in an electronic work environment.

Enabling technologies promise to revitalize the role of nursing in an era of patient safety

The application of information technology (IT) in health care has the potential to transform the delivery of care, as well as the health care work environment, by streamlining processes, making procedures more accurate and efficient, and reducing the risk of human error. For nurses, a major aspect of this transformation is the refocusing of their work on direct patient care and away from being a conduit of information and communication among departments. Several of the technologies discussed, such as physician order entry and bar code technology, have existed for years as standalone systems. Many others are just being developed and are being integrated into complex clinical information systems (CISs) with clinical decision support at their core. While early evaluation of these systems shows positive outcome measurements, financial, technical, and organizational hurdles to widespread implementation still remain. One major issue is defining the role nurses, themselves, will play in the selection and implementation of these systems as they become more steeped in the knowledge of nursing informatics. Other challenges revolve around issues of job satisfaction and the attraction and retention of nursing staff in the midst of a serious nursing shortage. Despite these concerns, it is expected that, in the long run, the creation of an electronic work environment with systems that integrate all functions of the health care team will positively impact cost-effectiveness, productivity, and patient safety while helping to revitalize nursing practice.

Towards Automated Record Keeping, Interfaces for the Capture of Records of Business Processes

In June 1996, the National Archives of Canada issued its Guideline on the Management of Electronic Records in the Electronic Work Environment to all Canadian federal government institutions. Part of the Guideline contained a vision of automated record keeping in which records would be captured automatically based on the incorporation of record keeping rules in the design of automated work processes. As an illustration of this concept, the National Archives developed a demonstration prototype based on a project management work process situated within one of the operational activities of the department. This paper provides an overview of the prototype and an outline of both the lessons learned and the outstanding questions that have emerged concerning the feasibility of building an electronic work environment reflecting automated record keeping.

Managing Information in an Office Systems Environment: The IMOSA Project

This paper is reprinted from John McDonald, "Information Management and Office Systems Advancement," in Information Handling in Offices and Archives, edited by Angelika Menne-Haritz (New York: K. G. Saur, 1993). It describes a public-private-academic partnership project that was led by the National Archives and that investigated the impact of office systems technologies on the management of electronic records. Prototype software for managing electronic records was tested, and functional requirements and other related products were developed. This paper describes the project and summarizes the findings. IMOSA represented an important milestone in the evolution of the National Archives' guidance in this area. The consultation drafts of this guidance, which were made available by the National Archives in June 1995, are shaped largely by the findings of the IMOSA project. For a description of this guidance and a more recent perspective on the management of electronic records in the office systems environment, please see John McDonald, "Managing Records in the Modern Office: Taming the Wild Frontier," Archivaria 39 (Spring 1995):7-79. Copies of the IMOSA reports and the consultation draft of the Guide to the Management of Electronic Records in the Electronic Work Environment are available from the National Archives of Canada, IMSP, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Canada, K1A 0N3. The IMOSA project was managed by Susan Gillies of the Canadian Workplace Automation Research Centre of Communications Canada and supported by Christiane Desautels of the National Archives of Canada. Many of the points raised in this paper resulted from their observations during this project. The author is grateful to David Bearman, Terry Cook, Margaret Hedstrom, and Lisa Weber for helping to shape many of the ideas expressed in this paper.

PLACING THE ARCHIVE ON MATHEMATICAL MEANING

A comparative study will be undertaken in order to unveil a set of affinities perceived between the history of numbers and awareness of the value of the archive in an organization. Two hypotheses are investigated: 1) the archive has to be perceived by the agents involved in it as an asset in the organization; and 2) electronic work environments include multiple challenges and significant possibilities for an archive and/or its management system for documents to be treated in an organization. An analytical method of descriptive nature is used based on comparison, with the aid of normative and bibliographic sources of archive. Using this method the assumptions made were checked and new actions were suggested due to continued change.