Electronic Messages Research Articles

Характеристики современного русского рекламного технического дискурса

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian advertising technical discourse. The subject of the article is the sociolinguistic features of the Russian advertising technical discourse on the example of electronic technical advertising in 2024, addressed to a mass audience. Materials and methods. The empirical material was electronic advertising messages created to promote high-tech products in Yandex in 2024. The sample size for the article was 146 texts of technical advertising. Interpretive analysis and the method of content analysis were used in the analysis of the material. Results. The results of the study showed that, taken together, the characteristics of the RATD are multifaceted: there is not only reflects confidence in technical achievements and professionalism, but also unites there is an emphasis on urgency, safety and creativity, as well as on the orientation on national culture and spiritual and cultural values. The RATD also demonstrates a new feature of modern technical advertising - interactivity. Together, these elements have formed a unique style of RATD. The results of the research can be used in practical work by advertising specialists promoting technical and high-tech products on the Russian market; in lecture courses on technical discourse and advertising discourse.

Comparing Provider and ChatGPT Responses to Breast Reconstruction Patient Questions in the Electronic Health Record.

Patient-directed Electronic Health Record (EHR) messaging is used as an adjunct to enhance patient-physician interactions but further burdens the physician. There is a need for clear electronic patient communication in all aspects of medicine, including plastic surgery. We can potentially utilize innovative communication tools like ChatGPT. This study assesses ChatGPT's effectiveness in answering breast reconstruction queries, comparing its accuracy, empathy, and readability with healthcare providers' responses. Ten deidentified questions regarding breast reconstruction were extracted from electronic messages. They were presented to ChatGPT3, ChatGPT4, plastic surgeons, and advanced practice providers for response. ChatGPT3 and ChatGPT4 were also prompted to give brief responses. Using 1-5 Likert scoring, accuracy and empathy were graded by 2 plastic surgeons and medical students, respectively. Readability was measured using Flesch Reading Ease. Grades were compared using 2-tailed t tests. Combined provider responses had better Flesch Reading Ease scores compared to all combined chatbot responses (53.3 ± 13.3 vs 36.0 ± 11.6, P < 0.001) and combined brief chatbot responses (53.3 ± 13.3 vs 34.7 ± 12.8, P < 0.001). Empathy scores were higher in all combined chatbot than in those from combined providers (2.9 ± 0.8 vs 2.0 ± 0.9, P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in accuracy between combined providers and all combined chatbot responses (4.3 ± 0.9 vs 4.5 ± 0.6, P = 0.170) or combined brief chatbot responses (4.3 ± 0.9 vs 4.6 ± 0.6, P = 0.128). Amid the time constraints and complexities of plastic surgery decision making, our study underscores ChatGPT's potential to enhance patient communication. ChatGPT excels in empathy and accuracy, yet its readability presents limitations that should be addressed.

Electronic health records and data exchange in the WHO European region: A subregional analysis of achievements, challenges, and prospects

Electronic health record (EHR) systems are powerful tools that enhance healthcare quality. They improve efficiency, enable data exchange, and ensure authorized access to patient information. In 2022, the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO EURO) conducted a survey to assess the digital health capabilities of the 53 Member States. This article provides a sub-regional analysis of the status of EHR systems and major barriers to their implementation, their readiness for information sharing, and the access and re-use of EHR data.Generally, EHR implementation and national data exchange are at an advanced stage in the region, though achievements and challenges vary across subregions. While more Member States in the Eastern, Western, and Southern Europe subregions reported having centralized national EHR systems, the situation is more diverse in Northern Europe and the Asian subregions, where both centralized and decentralized EHR systems are in use. Significant barriers to EHR implementation, including funding, technical capacity, competing priorities, and lack of interoperability standards are frequently cited, while others like demand, knowledge or acceptance challenges are not reported as significant. Significant barriers were reported the most by the Central Asia subregion, while barriers had least significance in Western Europe. Five out of the six subregions reported a wide adoption of national strategies and have dedicated agencies to ensure interoperability and secure data exchange. However, only 29 Member States have established legal requirements for healthcare providers to adopt EHR systems that conform to national standards for both clinical terminology and electronic messaging, with this being most notable in Western, Eastern, and Northern Europe, and the lowest percentage of Member States in Central Asia. All Member States of the six sub regions have passed privacy and data protection legislation. The use of EHR data is widely regulated, with only five remaining Member States of WHO Europe to develop EHR legislation distributed across subregions (Southern Europe, Western and Central Asia).Looking ahead, Member States are encouraged to define national legislation governing EHR systems and their use, while ensuring the interconnectivity of the local and regional EHR systems. Sustainable funding should be allocated to the development and maintenance of these systems. Efforts should also focus on creating comprehensive roadmaps for the full implementation of health data standards, addressing interoperability at local and regional levels, and developing quality management systems for testing and certification. Additionally, monitoring and evaluation should be conducted to assess whether EHRs are contributing to national health objectives. Finally, engaging patients and intersectoral partners will be key to developing a more patient-centered approach, ensuring that EHR systems meet patient needs and expectations.

Attitudes and awareness in autonomous decision on medical treatment or inclusion in clinical trials amongst Slovenian adolescents: an online survey

BackgroundIn Europe and elsewhere in the world, activities are taking place to improve the awareness of children and adolescents (hereinafter: adolescents) regarding their rights and obligations in autonomous decision-making about their own medical treatment and participation in clinical research.MethodsThe cross-sectional survey of adolescents was carried out using an anonymous online questionnaire. We obtained consent from the Commission of the Republic of Slovenia for Medical Ethics. Participating young people were invited through the network of primary and secondary schools, the Society of Dystrophy of Slovenia and through the dissemination of electronic messages. The online questionnaire was open from April 25 to May 6, 2023. Young people aged 13 to 20 joined the survey. The association between several factors and awareness of the minimum age limit was tested by univariate logistic regression. All statistical testing was performed at a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe responses of 458 respondents were analysed, of which 281 were male. Only 8.3% of participating adolescents knew the age limit set by law for autonomous decision-making about medical treatment at 15 years old. Most answered that a medical institution should inform them about their rights (62.4%). Only 5.02% responded that they do not need their parents’ consent when making decisions; 2.6% of respondents answered that they autonomously decided to undergo treatment without their parents’ knowledge. The majority obtained information about treatment from a doctor (more than 70%); 42.8% were in favour of new forms of treatment, especially chronic patients (more than 70%); 44.8% had already heard about clinical research, most of them through the media (55.4%); 70% of the respondents answered correctly about making an autonomous decision about participation in research at the age of 18. About three-quarters (75.6%) of respondents who had heard of clinical research believe that an individual should be paid for participating.ConclusionsOur research showed insufficient awareness of the age limit of adolescents regarding medical treatment decisions and clinical research. The prevailing view is that health professionals should inform young people more about their rights. Most adolescents believe they should be paid to participate in clinical research.

Transition Guide Dissemination to Foster Patient-Care Team Conversations: A Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative Pilot Implementation Study.

Uptake of evidence-informed health care transition processes among pediatric rheumatologists is low despite poor outcomes of transition from pediatric to adult care. We piloted a learning collaborative model to implement transition guides. We dually assessed implementation outcomes and changes in reported patient-care team discussions about transition. This was a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot study of transition guide dissemination to patients at least 14 years old with rheumatic conditions across nine pediatric rheumatology centers in the Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative. We evaluated implementation outcomes (feasibility, adaptations, and fidelity) and the proportion of patients surveyed that reported having discussions with their care team regarding transfer planning. Six sites were retained through the COVID-19 pandemic (below 70% target). Five out of six sites contributed outcome data (met 80% target) but with substantial heterogeneity in how transition guides were shared (eg, in-person, electronic messages, and posted flyers), and data were collected. The pooled proportion of respondents having discussed transfer planning with their care team was 39% preimplementation (n = 239; 95% confidence interval [CI] 32%-46%) and 55% postimplementation (n = 864; 95% CI 36%-73%). After implementation, there were significant increases in the likelihood of respondents recalling receiving a transition guide (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% CI 1.35-4.92) and discussing transfer planning (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.30-3.52), adjusted for age and site of care. Transition guide dissemination is a simple intervention associated with increased awareness among young people with rheumatic conditions and discussions with their care team about transition preparation. The learning collaborative model facilitated identification of several dissemination strategies adaptable to site-specific resources.

Academic hospitalist perspectives on the benefits and challenges of secure messaging: A mixed methods analysis.

Hospitals and patients rely on effective clinician communication. Asynchronous electronic secure messaging (SM) systems are a common way for hospitalists to communicate, but few studies have evaluated how hospitalists are navigating the adoption of SM and the benefits and challenges they are encountering. The objective of this study is to assess academic hospitalist perspectives on SM to guide future research and quality improvement initiatives. This was a mixed methods study utilizing an embedded REDCap survey and six virtual semistructured focus groups. It took place during a Hospital Medicine ReEngineering Network Zoom meeting on October 13, 2023. Rapid qualitative methods were used to define major themes. There were 28 hospitalists and one patient representative across 24 separate academic institutions. There was a 71% survey completion rate (N = 20). SM was felt to be an effective and efficient communication modality but was associated with a large amount of multitasking and interruptions. Perspectives around SM clustered around three main themes: SM has been widely but variably adopted; there is a lack of institutional guidance about how to best engage with SM; and SM is changing the landscape of hospitalist work by increasing ease but decreasing depth of communication, increasing cognitive load, and changing interpersonal relationships. Recommendations for SM improvements included the need for institutions to work with frontline workers to develop and implement clear usage guidelines. SM is likely contributing to both positive and negative effects for clinicians and patients. Understanding hospitalist perspectives on SM will help guide future research and quality improvement initiatives.

Can large language models address unmet patient information needs and reduce provider burnout in the management of thyroid disease?

BackgroundPatient electronic messaging has increased clinician workload contributing to burnout. Large language models can respond to these patient queries, but no studies exist on large language model responses in thyroid disease. MethodsThis cross-sectional study randomly selected 33 of 52 patient questions found on Reddit/askdocs. Questions were found through a “thyroid + cancer” or “thyroid + disease” search and had verified-physician responses. Additional responses were generated using ChatGPT-3.5 and GPT-4. Questions and responses were anonymized and graded for accuracy, quality, and empathy using a 4-point Likert scale by blinded providers, including 4 surgeons, 1 endocrinologist, and 2 physician assistants (n = 7). Results were analyzed using a single-factor analysis of variance. ResultsFor accuracy, the results averaged 2.71/4 (standard deviation 1.04), 3.49/4 (0.391), and 3.66/4 (0.286) for physicians, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, respectively (P < .01), where 4 = completely true information, 3 = greater than 50% true information, and 2 = less than 50% true information. For quality, the results were 2.37/4 (standard deviation 0.661), 2.98/4 (0.352), and 3.81/4 (0.36) for physicians, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, respectively (P < .01), where 4 = provided information beyond what was asked, 3 = completely answers the question, and 2 = partially answers the question. For empathy, the mean scores were 2.37/4 (standard deviation 0.661), 2.80/4 (0.582), and 3.14/4 (0.578) for physicians, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, respectively (P < .01), where 4 = anticipates and infers patient feelings from the expressed question, 3 = mirrors the patient's feelings, and 2 = contains no dismissive comments. Responses by GPT were ranked first 95% of the time. ConclusionsLarge language model responses to patient queries about thyroid disease have the potential to be more accurate, complete, empathetic, and consistent than physician responses.

The Dangers of Distracted Driving: A Substudy of Patient Perception Data From the DRIVSAFE Observational Study.

To determine how fracture clinic patients perceive the dangers of distracted driving. Analysis of patient perception subset data from the original DRIVSAFE study; a large, multicenter cross-sectional study, surveying fracture clinic patients about distracted driving. Four Level 1 Canadian trauma center fracture clinics. English-speaking patients with a valid Canadian driver's license and a traumatic musculoskeletal injury sustained in the past 6 months. Primary outcome was patients' safety ratings of driving distractions. As per the original DRIVSAFE study, patients were categorized as distraction-prone or distraction-averse using their questionnaire responses and published crash-risk odds ratios (ORs). A regression analysis was performed to identify associations with unsafe driving perceptions. The study included 1378 patients, 749 (54.3%) male and 614 (44.6%) female. The average age was 45.8 ± 17.0 years (range 16-87). Sending electronic messages was perceived as unsafe by 92.9% (1242/1337) of patients, while reading them was seen as unsafe by 81.2% (1086/1337). Approximately three-quarters of patients viewed making (78.9%, 1061/1344) and accepting (74.8%, 998/1335) calls on handheld mobile phones as unsafe. However, 31.0% (421/1356) of patients believed that they had no differences in their driving ability when talking on the phone while 13.1% (175/1340) reported no driving differences when texting. Younger age (OR, 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.96], P < 0.001), driving experience (OR, 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.09], P < 0.001), and distraction-prone drivers (OR, 3.79 [95% CI 2.91-4.94], P < 0.001) were associated with unsafe driving perceptions. There is a clear association between being prone to distractions and unsafe driving perceptions, with distraction-prone drivers being 3.8 times more likely to perceive driving distractions as safe. This information could potentially influence the appropriate delivery and content of future educational efforts to change the perception of driving distractions and thereby reduce distracted driving. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Unclonable Encryption-Verification Strategy Based on Bilayer Shape Memory Photonic Crystals.

The ability to reversibly exhibit structural color patterns has positioned photonic crystals (PCs) at the forefront of anti-counterfeiting. However, the security offered by the mere reversible display is susceptible to illicit alteration and disclosure. Herein, inspired by the electronic message captcha, bilayer photonic crystal (BPC) systems with integrated decryption and verification modules, are realized by combining inverse opal (IO) and double inverse opal (DIO) with polyacrylate polymers. When the informationized BPC is immersed in ethanol or water, the DIO layer displayed encrypted information due to the solvent-induced ordered rearrangement of polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The verification step is established based on the different structural colors of the IO layer pattern, which result from the deformation or recovery of the macroporous skeleton induced by solvent evaporation. Moreover, through the evaporation-induced random self-assembly of PS@SiO2 and SiO2 microspheres, unclonable structurally colored identifying codes are created in the IO layer, ensuring the uniqueness upon the verification. The decrypted code in the DIO layer is valid only when the IO layer displays the pattern with the predetermined structural color; otherwise, it is a pseudo-code. This structural color-based "decryption-verification" approach offers innovative anti-counterfeiting applications in nanophotonics.

Intervening on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Latino/a and Black Patients with Diabetes: A Feasibility Pilot.

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly those from historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, are at high risk of poor outcomes from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Evidence-based management (EBM) of MASLD can prevent its progression to cirrhosis and poor outcomes, yet rates of EBM of MASLD are low in T2D. In this pilot study of ten participants, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth intervention that delivered EBM of MASLD in Latino/a and Black patients with T2D in the Duke Healthcare System. The intervention included: (a) MASLD education; (b) diet/lifestyle counseling; (c) T2D medication adjustment (i.e., to promote liver health) and (d) ordering of clinically indicated tests and referrals. This 3-month intervention was delivered by an endocrinologist over three virtual study visits. Phone interviews were conducted at study conclusion. We examined rates of recruitment, retention, T2D medication adjustment, and ordering of clinically indicated tests/referrals. The median age of our cohort was 54.0 (44.0, 59.0); six and four participants self-identified as Latino/a ethnicity and Black race, respectively. Retention rate in this study was 100% (n = 10/10), and all scheduled visits were completed (n = 30/30). Recruitment occurred over one month, and the rate was 25.8% (n = 8/31) by telephone call and 10% (n = 2/20) by electronic health record message. The intervention was highly acceptable based on a median Treatment Acceptability and Preferences score of 4.0 (4.0, 4.0). In exit interviews, all participants reported improved understanding of MASLD and its link to diabetes. All participants received T2D medication adjustment (n = 5/10) and/or clinically indicated testing/referral (n = 10/10) for the purpose of improving MASLD. We demonstrated that a telehealth intervention designed to proactively deliver EBM of MASLD was feasible and acceptable in a cohort of Latino/a and Black patients with T2D. Opportunities existed to better align each participants' care with guideline-based care of MASLD.

Can we talk? A correspondence study to examine responsiveness of physical educators to requests for a phone call from parents of children with disabilities

ABSTRACT The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) mandates that parental input be considered when making educational decisions for children with disabilities, including in physical education. However, parents of children with disabilities often report suboptimal communication experiences with physical educators. The purpose of the current study was to examine if the initiation of a parent–physical educator relationship is influenced by whether students have a disability or not. An online message correspondence study methodology was used to detect potential disparities in the responsiveness of a sample of 320 physical educators to electronic message requests for a phone call to discuss physical education service from hypothetical parents of a child with a visual impairment (VI), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), or no disability. Parents of children with ASD had reduced odds of receiving a positive response as compared to parents of children without disabilities (15.8% vs 26.9% RR = .57). Similarly, parents of children with DS had reduced odds of receiving a positive response as compared to parents of children without disabilities (15.2% vs 26.9%, RR = .59). Strategies to promote parent–physical educator relationships are urgently needed, especially for parents of children with ASD and DS.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence-Generated Responses to Urology Patient In-Basket Messages.

Electronic patient messaging utilization has increased in recent years and has been associated with physician burnout. ChatGPT is a language model that has shown the ability to generate near-human level text responses. This study evaluated the quality of ChatGPT responses to real-world urology patient messages. One hundred electronic patient messages were collected from a practicing urologist's inbox and categorized based on the question content. Individual responses were generated by entering each message into ChatGPT. The questions and responses were independently evaluated by 5 urologists and graded on a 5-point Likert scale. Questions were graded based on difficulty, and responses were graded based on accuracy, completeness, harmfulness, helpfulness, and intelligibleness. Whether or not the response could be sent to a patient was also assessed. Overall, 47% of responses were deemed acceptable to send to patients. ChatGPT performed better on easy questions with 56% of responses to easy questions being acceptable to send as compared to 34% of difficult questions (P = .03). Responses to easy questions were more accurate, complete, helpful, and intelligible than responses to difficult questions. There was no difference in response quality based on question content. ChatGPT generated acceptable responses to nearly 50% of patient messages with better performance for easy questions compared to difficult questions. Use of ChatGPT to help respond to patient messages can help to decrease the time burden for the care team and improve wellness. Artificial intelligence performance will likely continue to improve with advances in generative artificial intelligence technology.

Text Messaging as a Precursor of Linguistic Decadence for Students in Some Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

Electronic text messaging in Nigeria is an entrenched linguistic behavior which has caught the attention of an enormous youth population and it is adversely affecting the acquisition of linguistic competence. This paper investigated the use of text messages by students in some tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria in order to examine the various deviant linguistic features and degree of departure from standard variety of English usage. The study utilized extracts from two hundred text messages collected for analysis from male and female undergraduate students between July 2021 and June 2022. Our findings reveal that texting negatively impacts writing skill of students and the noticeable linguistic anomalies are: non-standard spellings, word order violations, disjunctive orthography, anomalous punctuations, vowel deletion, use of slang and colloquialisms, surface diagraphia and others. The paper concludes that since anything goes in texting and it is not regulated, it may wreck the language because it has a pernicious effect on the linguistic competence of students and on the general standard of education. It then recommends that educators should rise to the challenge and instill in students the formal writing skill they need to succeed.

Model of The Distance Between The Readability of Word Messages on Conventional Signs and Electronic Signs

Traffic signs are divided into conventional signs and electronic signs. The message conveyed is in the form of a pigtogram and/or electronic message. (Budiati, 2014) compared the legibility distance of letter dimensions on conventional signs, it was found that H=1.032+0.273D with H being the height of the letter and D being the reading distance. (Budiati, 2023), examined the relationship between the driver's reading speed and the number of words and lines in the Variable Message Sigh. This research produces a reading speed of 1.37 words/second. The research was continued to obtain a modeling of the readability distance for conventional and electronic word message signs with the dependent variable (Y) reading distance. Data on reading distance and reading time in the field were analyzed using the SPSS v.23 approach, and the obtained was Y= 2.990 (X1) + 0.009(X2) + 0.001(X3) for conventional signs Y = 3.557 (X1) + 0.440 (X2) + 0.004 (X3), while Based on collineatity the modeling value of reading distance (2) versus reading distance 1 is as follows: Y = 5.463 + 0.513 (X1) + 0.10 (X2) + 0.009 (X3) + 0.004.

Characterizing electronic messaging use among hospitalists and its association with patient volumes.

Secure electronic messaging is increasingly being utilized for communications in healthcare settings. While it likely increases efficiency, it has also been associated with interruptions, high message volumes, and risk of errors due to multitasking. We aimed to characterize patterns of secure messaging among hospitalists to understand the volume of messages, message patterns, and impact on hospitalist workload. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of Epic Secure Chat secure electronic messages received and sent by hospitalists from April 1 to April 30, 2023 at a large academic medical center. Number of conversations per day, number of chats sent and accessed per hour, and average minutes between when a chat was sent and accessed (lag time) were analyzed using a Pearson correlation coefficient test. Measures were plotted against patient volume and time of day. Hospitalists sent or received an average of 130 messages per day with an average of 13 messages sent or received per hour. The median lag time was 39 s. There was a statistically significant correlation between hospital medicine morning census and number of conversations per day, number of chats sent per hour, and number of chats accessed per hour, but census did not impact lag time. Secure messaging volumes may be higher than previously reported, which may affect hospitalist workload and workflow and have unintended effects on interruptions, multitasking, and medical errors. Additional work should be done to better understand local messaging patterns and opportunities to optimize volume of work and distractions.

Enhancing Secure Messaging in Electronic Health Records: Evaluating the Impact of Emoji Chat Reactions on the Volume of Interruptive Notifications

Abstract Background Electronic health record secure messaging (EHRSM) is an increasingly utilized tool for communication among clinicians. However, there is concern about the growing quantity of disruptions it presents via interruptive notification. Objectives The primary aim of this study is to assess whether introducing emoji reactions, which do not trigger push notifications in EHRSM, can alleviate the burden of interruptive notifications. The second aim is to use messaging notification metadata to identify subgroups that might benefit from targeted interventions to aid the adoption of this innovation. Methods We implemented the emoji reaction feature into EHRSM across a large academic health system. We evaluated the volume of push notifications 11 weeks before (pre-emoji period) and after (post-emoji period) introducing emoji reactions in EHRSM. Notification metadata was categorized by user type, and users were stratified based on notification volume. Results There were 1,387,506 fewer push notifications in the post-emoji period (a decrease of 4.7%). Subgroups of users with increasing mean daily push notifications in the pre-emoji period were associated with decreasing mean daily push notifications in the post-emoji period. Among the eight user subgroups, six experienced a significant reduction in interruptive notifications, with the pharmacy and “other” subgroups not observing a reduction. Users in the top quartile of notification volume saw the greatest reduction in burden across each user subgroup. Conclusion Integrating emoji reactions into EHRSM across a large academic health system significantly reduced the burden of push notifications among EHRSM users. Utilizing messaging notification metadata allowed us to identify subgroups that require additional intervention.

Eğitim Kurumlarında Yenilikçi Teknolojiler ve Bilişim Araçlarının Kullanımının İncelenmesi

Learning, which is the basic component and dynamics of education, is the name given to the changes observed in an individual during the interaction of an individual with the environment, the reorganization of behavior and habits, behavior development and change, the acquisition of information and ideas, considered as a neurophysiological process, permanent effects that occur as a result of interaction with the environment. By another definition, it is revealed that learning is a mental structure change or even a constantly renewed mental structure. Some learning processes may be aimed only at people. Knowledge is organized, and learning is a process in which new knowledge is associated with previously acquired knowledge. The learner needs to encode and store the acquired information in his long-term memory so that he can recall it accurately and quickly later. The information processing process plays an active role in this regard for electronic learning and future learning. Cognitive control for the actualization of cognitive processes within a certain system (such as coding, detection, recall and repetition) occupies an important place in terms of electronic learning and future learning models in subjects such as monitoring, planning, implementation, asking questions, renewal, self-testing from the beginning to the end of learning. In this context, it is observed that the attempts to use information technologies in education have been accelerated in recent years. Interaction between individuals constitutes the basis of learning.Dec. This interaction between individuals allows the examination of existing knowledge and the access to new theories. Dec. While physical environments such as classrooms, schools or courses were used for this type of interaction at first; nowadays, with the introduction of technology into our lives, electronic messages (e-mail), chat (chat), e-groups, dynamic web pages, web radio and television, mobile phones and tablet computers have started to be added to these environments with the great breakthroughs made in recent years. Thanks to these enriched interaction environments, individuals can interact with more people more easily. As a result, thanks to this, students can increase their own knowledge by communicating with others who are more knowledgeable than they are. Thus, individuals can take the thought structure of the more knowledgeable one or adopt the new structure that they will create by shaping it with some changes according to themselves. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Innovative Technologies, Information Tools

Telemedicine and Resource Utilization in Pulmonary Clinic

BackgroundTelemedicine use increased with the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of telemedicine on resource use in pulmonary clinics is unknown.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study identified adults with pulmonary clinic visits at the University of Miami Hospital and Clinics (January 2018-December 2021). The primary exposure was telemedicine versus in-person visits. Standard statistics were used to describe the cohort and compare patients stratified by visit type. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association of telemedicine with resource use (primarily, computed tomography [CT] orders placed within 7 days of visit).Results21,744 clinic visits were included: 5,480 (25.2%) telemedicine and 16,264 (74.8%) in-person. In both, the majority were < 65-years-old, female, and identified as Hispanic white. Patients seen with telemedicine had increased odds of having CT scans ordered within 7 days (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, [95% confidence interval 1.04–1.74]); and decreased odds of chest x-rays (aOR 0.37 [0.23–0.57]). Telemedicine increased odds of contact of any kind with our healthcare system within 30-days (aOR 1.56 [1.29–1.88]) and 90-days (aOR 1.39 [1.17–1.64]). Specifically, telemedicine visits had decreased odds of emergency department visits and hospitalizations (30 days: aOR 0.54 [0.38–0.76]; 90 days: aOR 0.68 [0.52–0.89]), but increased odds of phone calls and electronic health record inbox messages (30 days: aOR 3.44 [2.73–4.35]; 90 days: aOR 3.58 [2.95–4.35]).ConclusionsTelemedicine was associated with an increased odds of chest CT order with a concomitant decreased odds of chest x-ray order. Increased contact with the healthcare system with telemedicine may represent a larger time burden for outpatient clinicians.

Investigating the feasibility of dynamic speed limit on Indian highways

Speed limits that change as per real time traffic, road, and weather conditions are termed as Dynamic Speed Limits (DSL). Road users are informed of speed limit changes in DSL scheme by electronic signs or Variable Message Signs (VMS) placed above the lanes or side-mounted along highways. In India, most of the highways have static speed limits. The speed limits are kept lower at locations or stretches adjacent to roadside schools, market areas, bus stops and intersections, for enhancing safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs). This causes higher travel time to through traffic while travelling through these stretches. DSL has the potential in reducing the travel time and the variability of speed of vehicles, thus helps in enhancing road safety. The present work investigates the feasibility of DSL on various segments of a typical Indian highway passing through various roadside developments and human activities using cost-benefit analysis. The travel time benefits due to DSL are estimated by comparing the travel times with static and dynamic speed limit conditions. The results indicate that there is a significant amount of saving in aggregate travel time of all vehicles passing through the stretch due to the application of DSL. The benefit cost ratios greater than unity indicated that it is beneficial to deploy DSL on several segments of the highway passing through roadside schools, market areas, bus stops and intersections. The Benefit-Cost Ratio is also used advantageously to prioritize viable locations for deployment of DSL. The findings from the present work are likely to be of interest to policy makers in different developing countries where infrastructure/facilities for VRUs are deficient, road safety is a major concern and speeding is identified as a major problem.

Machine Learning Based Classification for Spam Detection

Electronic Electronic messages, i.e. e-mails, are a communication tool frequently used by individuals or organizations. While e-mail is extremely practical to use, it is necessary to consider its vulnerabilities. Spam e-mails are unsolicited messages created to promote a product or service, often sent frequently. It is very important to classify incoming e-mails in order to protect against malware that can be transmitted via e-mail and to reduce possible unwanted consequences. Spam email classification is the process of identifying and distinguishing spam emails from legitimate emails. This classification can be done through various methods such as keyword filtering, machine learning algorithms and image recognition. The goal of spam email classification is to prevent unwanted and potentially harmful emails from reaching the user's inbox. In this study, Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms are used to classify spam emails and the results are compared. Algorithms with different approaches were used to determine the best solution for the problem. 5558 spam and non-spam e-mails were analyzed and the performance of the algorithms was reported in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and F1-Score metrics. The most successful result was obtained with the RF algorithm with an accuracy of 98.83%. In this study, high success was achieved by classifying spam emails with machine learning algorithms. In addition, it has been proved by experimental studies that better results are obtained than similar studies in the literature.