Use Of Electronic Mail Research Articles

Use of Electronic Mail by Educated Older Adults in Oyo State, Nigeria

This study presents preliminary findings on the use of e-mails by educated older adults in Nigeria-based areas of residency. This study is based on a quantitative survey (n = 167) which investigated the level of awareness and use of e-mails, reasons for use and non-use, as well as continuance and intention to use e-mail by older adults in three settings (urban, semi-urban, and rural areas) of Oyo state, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Results showed that about half of the educated older adults were aware of e-mail with a higher percentage of those aware residing in the urban area. There was a low level of usage of e-mail, especially among the semi-urban and rural dwellers. The major purpose of using e-mail was to receive alerts for banking transactions. E-mail users at the three locations intended to continue using e-mail, although the intention was stronger among the semi-urban and rural dwellers. Most non-users in the semi-urban and rural locations were not aware of e-mail, while most did not use e-mail because they had alternative means of communicating with people and saw no need for it. Concerns about the security of e-mails, lack of awareness of the benefits of using e-mail, and lack of literacy in e-mail use are some other reasons for non-use. Most of the non-users had the intention to use e-mail in the future, especially those in urban and semi-urban areas. It is recommended that efforts be geared towards creating more awareness about the importance of e-mail among the older population as well as developing training interventions on the use of e-mail, especially among the semi-urban and rural dwellers.

Keeping to your lane

There has been a sharp rise in the use of electronic mail (email) in public organisations owing to its low cost, ease of use, and speed of transmission of information, among other advantages. This enhanced public service delivery in an era when clients are increasingly calling for public accountability and improved service delivery. While the use of electronic mail seems to be attractive in many respects, there is contention over who is or should be responsible for managing email records in an organisation. Informed by the skills theory, this study holds that acquisition of requisite skills and competencies is a necessary condition for excellence in job performance, productivity, and service delivery. This mixed methods research approach used a convergent research design where 240 records, administration, and information and communication technology officers from 12 government ministries completed questionnaires while 10 officers were interviewed. The interviewees comprised seven National Archives of Zimbabwe archivists, the director of the National Archives of Zimbabwe, one administration director, and one information and communication technology director from Zimbabwe’s central government. Data were further solicited using personal observation and document reviews. Ethical considerations such as seeking consent from participants, obtaining authorisation from organisations, and anonymising participants were observed in the study. The study established that information and communication technology officers were mostly entrusted with managing email records ahead of records officers, an arrangement which the study regards as rather misplaced. A collaboration matrix was proposed where records officers work as email records managers while information and communication technology officers work as email system enablers, thus emphasising the importance of each “keeping to their lane.”

Spam filter based on naive bayes algorithm

The widespread use of Electronic Mail (E-mail) has led to a significant increase in spam, which has severely impeded the growth and well-being of the Internet. To mitigate this issue, the implementation of email filtering techniques has become necessary, requiring the use of specific technological tools. Presently, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Naive Bayes (NB) algorithms are commonly used in probability statistical classification methods for email filtering. Among these, the NB algorithm is the most classical, with its rich mathematical theory as the basis, high classification efficiency, and straightforward algorithmic approach. However, the algorithm relies on the conditional independence assumption, making the accuracy susceptible to the correlation between attributes. This study focuses on email filtering techniques based on the NB algorithm, conducting experiments to evaluate the classification accuracy and proposing feasible improvements to weaken the independence assumption. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the employed method.

Adoption and use of electronic-mail by staff in Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe

The purpose of this study is to examine the adoption and use of electronic-mail by staff in Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe. The objectives of the study include: to assess the level of usage of e-mail among staff of Federal College of Education, Gombe, to determine the impacts of adoption of e-mail among staff in the College and to identify the challenges associated with the use osf e-mail among the staff of the College under study. This study was guided by descriptive research design. The population of this study consisted of 1449 academic and nonacademic staff across various departments and units in the College. Simple random sampling in probability sampling techniques was used for this study and the sample size of the study was 302. The findings of the study revealed that respondents used email to share information faster than the conventional mail. The study also revealed that the adoption of email enhanced efficiency and promotes productivity in service delivery among the staff. The study concluded that though not all the public higher institutions in Gombe Staff participated in this study, the use of email were found to be useful among the staff. The study recommended that the adoption and use of e-mail should be given priority as a means of communication to enhance productivity in the delivery of information. Also, there is also the need to facilitate easy access to information as a means of enhancing impacts to improve public information system among the staff.

Legea nr. 192/2022 pentru completarea Legii nr. 134/2010 privind Codul de procedură civilă – o nouă modalitate obligatorie de comunicare a hotărârilor judecătorești

Starting from July 2nd 2022, the Civil Procedure Code has been modified to include the mandatory use of electronic mail in order to deliver judgements to trial parties. While electronic means of communication have already been put into practice, the said provisions can prove to be useful, especially in view of the scope to digitalize the judicial system. Setting aside all intention of criticism toward the legislator’s intentions – which were alltogether positive – we intend to anticipate, throughout this article, several practical difficulties that may arise, as well as to identify viable solutions and practical remedies of such situations

Impact of lockdown and COVID-19 on the learning status of postgraduate students during the pandemic in India

ABSTRACTObservations have suggested that during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, because of lockdown students who are in process of doing their thesis related work exhibit responses related to stress due to the fear of spread contagion and because of various limitations in performing thesis work, especially patient-oriented collection of data and clinical work. The present study aimed to determine various problems faced by the students in postgraduate courses for completing their thesis during pandemic. This was a prospective and cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire. This study was comprised of a total sample size of 300 postgraduate students of different disciplines in the health stream. The study was conducted between June 2021 and December 2021. The prepared study questionnaire was sent to postgraduates by use of electronic mail. Of the total selected students, 280 had responded with complete answers to the questionnaire. Collected data were entered into a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed for percentage distribution. 50.7% of postgraduates were found in the age range of 26–30 years, 73.1% were female and 35.6% were in their final year of postgraduation. It was seen that 6.5% were unable to procure ethical approval due to the pandemic, and 43.1% were not able to get permission from the board due to the sudden pandemic. 64.9% were unable to collect data for their thesis, and 18% were unable to report to supervisors. 86.9% of postgraduates suffered from anxiety due to the inability to perform thesis work. 78.9% of postgraduate students had a decrease in motivation for a thesis and 89.1% suffered from anxiety. Due to the ongoing pandemic, postgraduate students are facing many problems in completing their thesis work. This resulted in anxiety and stress themselves.

TRACING THE MOTIVATION FOR USE OF EMAIL RECORDS IN ZIMBABWE’S CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

There is increased use of electronic mail (email) as official records in many organizations. In fact, email is no longer used for communication purposes only, but it is also as an official record in business transactions. Zimbabwe’s central government is one such institution where reliance on use of email is on the increase. This article identifies and discusses factors that motivate Zimbabwe’s central government in using email as an official record in day-today business. The study was mixed method research and it made use of the convergent mixed methods research design. A total of 240 out of 660 informants from 12 out of 22 government ministries participated in the study where they responded to structured questionnaires. Ten interviewees also participated in the study. These included seven archivists from the National Archives of Zimbabwe, the director of the National Archives of Zimbabwe, an administration director from one government ministry and an Information Technology director from another government ministry. In addition to structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, data were also collected through personal observation and document reviews. Revelations from the study were that rise in use of email records was boosted by strides in electronic government and mobile government as well as issues of low cost, speed and ease of use of email, the later factors owing much to the innovation diffusion theory which greatly informed this study. The study recommended that increase in use of email records should match proper management of email records in order to make email an authentic, reliable and useful record of integrity.

The use of digital signature in electronic communication in BiH - Research

The increasing use of electronic mail for identity theft and unsolicited marketing and frequent presence of viruses as well, reduced the credibility of email as a communication tool. Authentication of the sender is well known defense against such attacks. One of the methods to ensure that authentication, secure communication via e-mail, is the use of digital signature.

MHealth: an avenue for promoting health among sexual and gender minority populations?

The use of online electronic systems to communicate information has become both commonplace and important. Internet access, cell and smart phone use, and electronic mail use are at all-time highs in the US (1). The prevalence of social media continues to increase steadily in the U.S. In 2014, 74% of U.S. adult Internet users reported using a social media platform, representing a 7% increase from 67% in 2012 (1,2). The NIH is building a large cohort study based on the concepts that people can provide, receive, and interact with health data via personal mobile devices, and that they use these data to inform their health choices (3). Given easier accessibility through mobile technology (2) online communication strategies, including social media, are becoming viable platforms in modern health communication (4,5).

Legal Issues: The End of the All American Internet?

The Internet is an all-American invention, just ask Al Gore. It is generally accepted that the foundational structure of the Internet was developed in the United States in the 1960's, largely through the efforts of academic and U.S. government-funded researchers and computer scientists. However, it took very little time for the Internet to reach beyond our borders. Similar efforts already underway in the United Kingdom, France and other countries saw similar interconnected networks within their respective borders. Continuing research through the 1970's and 1980's saw the development of the TCP/IP and other major Internet protocols, increasing use of electronic mail, the use of FTP for exchanging files, the Usenet bulletin board systems and other features. By the late 1980's and early 1990's, however, commercial business started to take on much of the continued expansion and operation of the Internet, and with the development of browser technology, by the early 1990's the Internet had become established as the global commerce and communication system that has revolutionized the world in a way not seen since the printing press. The challenge is that someone still needs to run this thing, but in a global environment, identifying who or what that will be can be challenging. A government agency? If so which government? A private company? Do we really want to trust a single company to something this large and critical? The user community? How would be balance the needs of different stakeholders?

O uso do correio eletrônico na comunicação entre usuários e uma equipe de saúde da família: relato de experiência

Este relato descreve o uso do correio eletrônico por uma equipe de saúde da família para comunicação com os pacientes e agendamento. Tal uso surgiu como consequência de um processo de facilitação do acesso presencial e não presencial. No período de 25 meses houve crescimento no número de mensagens e de remetentes. Das 1437 mensagens recebidas, 61,5% foram para agendar consultas, 27,8% solicitavam informações em saúde e 7,6% eram sobre serviços oferecidos. As mulheres enviaram 87% das mensagens (63,3% delas tinham 20-40 anos). Em 60% das vezes, o contato referia-se à demanda do remetente e mais de 30% à de familiares. A equipe respondeu a 83% das mensagens em até 8 horas úteis. Na percepção da equipe, o uso do correio eletrônico melhorou a comunicação e o acesso e foi bem aceito pelos usuários, não prejudicando grupos mais vulneráveis. Investigações mais aprofundadas serão necessárias para avaliar a contribuição dessa ferramenta na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

The efficiency of postal services in the age of market liberalization and the internet: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

The rise in electronic communications and the recent liberalization of the postal market in the European Union have put national postal-service providers in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) under pressure to restructure and optimize their operations. The paper employs non-parametric methods to measure the relative technical and cost efficiency of CEE postal operators in terms of quantity-based and quality-based output indicators. The results indicate that inefficiency varies between 20% and 30%. Regression analysis attributes efficiency gains to increased competition, institutional reforms, less burdensome customs procedures, and population density, while use of electronic mail was negatively related to postal-service efficiency.

Smartphone application for rheumatoid arthritis self-management: cross-sectional study revealed the usefulness, willingness to use and patients' needs.

Patient-centered smartphone applications have potential to support rheumatoid arthritis (RA) self-management but remain almost unexplored in literature. Therefore, this study evaluated the usefulness of a smartphone application to support RA self-management, the willingness of RA patients to use and pay for it and the features the application should have. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was developed to collect information on population, device ownership, usefulness and willingness to use and pay for a RA self-management application and application features. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t test or Mann-Whitney's test and multivariate analysis were used. One hundred RA patients answered the questionnaire. Patients' mean age was 57±11.9years, most were females (91%), with multiple drug regimens and a 40% treatment non-compliance rate. Most patients believed that could have a more active role in self-management (94%) and reported it would be useful to develop a RA self-management application (86%). Patients willing to use an application (83%) were younger, with a possible more active role in self-management, with access to a smartphone, and using short message service, electronic mail and Internet. Multivariate analysis confirmed these results, except the associations regarding access to a smartphone and use of electronic mail and Internet. Fifty-eight patients (82%) were willing to pay for a RA self-management application and the most requested feature for it was information in a simple format. This study suggested the usefulness and patients' willingness to use and pay for a RA self-management application and provided insight on patients' needs.

ICT knowledge, Utilization and Perception among Healthcare Providers at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria

Background: Healthcare system in Nigeria is moving towards digitalization especially in the management of patients’ health information, with a view to harmonizing medical care practice for improved healthcare quality. Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed the way people collaborate, identify potential collaborators or friends, communicate with each other, and identify information that is relevant to their practice. Rationale: Thus, ICT has been identified as one measure to ensure these emerging trends in the Nation’s healthcare systems. Design/objectives: This study deployed a cross-sectional structured questionnaire to determine ICT knowledge and utilization among healthcare providers at National Hospital Abuja (n=271). Methods: We devised stratified random sampling in the recruitment of participants. Result: It was found that profession, possession of a laptop computer, age and sex were associated with knowledge, utilization and perception of ICT. Most participants were advanced in the use of electronic mail (51.8%) and the Internet (47.1%) mostly acquired through self-efforts (46.5%). However, a greater portion of the participants exhibited poor knowledge of database management (47.8%) and statistical analysis package (46.3%). The vast majority have used computer (95.0%) and the Internet (93.6%) for more than 3 years and many (86.2 percent) expressed a desire for further ICT training. Virtually, all participants in this study opined that ICT will improve medical care quality but some anticipated concerns over medical confidentiality as ICT becomes widely adopted in the country’s healthcare systems. Aside their poor skill in database design and statistical analysis software, healthcare providers at National Hospital, Abuja possessed good knowledge and disposition towards ICT especially for the enhancement of their professional practice and for public health quality improvement. They indicated interest in further ICT training in order to enhance their information sources for an improved practice. It would be worthwhile to enrich their sources of information in order to improve public health.

Advancing in communication technology: the need for the usage of email facility

Communication of information or data is an indispensable responsibility of a secretary in an organisation. Owing to the trends in communication technology, secretaries all over the globe have a greater responsibility and challenge to meet up with the demands of their job. Communication which was traditionally done through systems that exhibited some time and distance delay has become history with the use of internet services. Virtually, most organisations, offices and individuals are connected to the web. The issue of number of users or access to a great extent has been enhanced through mobile networking facilitated by modem/air-time credit and the use of blackberry phones. Therefore, it has become imperative for secretaries to be actively involved in the use of electronic mail (email) in making contacts with their bosses, other employees, client organisations, government agencies, etc. on issues such as passing information, notification, schedules, adjustment in documentations, reminders, etc. This will obviously help to save time lost, cover long distance in short time, enhance frequency of access to people, feedback and ultimately achieve organisational goals. Thus, this paper would enlighten secretaries on the need for the usage of email facilities, how to manage the challenges, and implications in modern global office.

Unsolicited Communication in Social Media

This article discusses whether commercial communication in social media is covered by the European opt in-model concerning unsolicited electronic mail for direct marketing purposes found in the directive on privacy and electronic communications (2002/58). It is concluded that messages in social media - in contrast to news feeds and advertisements - may be characterised as electronic mail. However, the EU provisions on unsolicited electronic mail is found in the regulatory framework for telecommunication which as a starting point does not regulate web-based content such as social media services. The ban on unsolicited electronic mail does not apply to messaging systems in social media unless the system gives access to sending traditional e-mail. Until 12 June 2013, Member States could - in national law - uphold a broader definition of electronic mail in the light of the minimum harmonisation found in the distance selling directive (1997/7). Now, the use of electronic mail for direct marketing purposes in social media must be assessed in accordance with the full harmonisation in the unfair commercial practices directive (2005/29). This directive does not contain a ban on »unsolicited« but »unwanted« solicitations by e-mail and other remote media - i.e. an opt-out solution.

Simulated Pediatric Physician-Parent Email Cases

Abstract Physicians' use of electronic mail (email) communication with patients is increasing. A survey of American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) members in 2001 reported only 14% used email with pat...

From Intermediary to Mediator and Vice Versa

Assuming symmetry between human and nonhuman actors is a tenet of actor-network theory (ANT), i.e., an actor, anyone or anything that modifies a state of affairs. This symmetric perspective entails granting agency attributes to both human and nonhuman actors, an approach that has been often criticised. By means of a combination of research observation and participation, the use of electronic mail systems, especially the automatically generated “Out of Office” message, is examined in this article to emphasise the distinction between agency and intentionality. The fundamental assumption is that work practices are nothing less than technology mediated activities and the use of electronic mail and its multiple tools is an inherently sociotechnical practice. The notions of intermediaries and mediators are introduced not only to corroborate that the division between the social and the technical is artificial but also to reveal the difference between nonhuman agency and human intentionality.

Effects of electronic mail policies on invasiveness and fairness

PurposeThe widespread use of electronic mail (e‐mail) at work has prompted a growing number of companies to implement e‐mail policies to protect both business interests and the privacy of employees. However, very little is known about the effects of such policies on such outcomes for employees such as perceived invasiveness and fairness. Thus, the paper aims to consider these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a 2×2 experimental design and a sample of 592 employed internet users to examine the effects of e‐mail policy characteristics (i.e. policy restrictiveness and policy justification) on perceptions of invasion of privacy (invasiveness) and fairness.FindingsResults indicate that policy restrictiveness has effects on both invasiveness and fairness, and that policy justification has an effect on fairness. In addition, privacy values are related to both invasiveness and fairness, and moderated the effect of policy restrictiveness on fairness.Practical implicationsImplications for practice and the integration of organizational justice and organizational privacy theory are discussed. In terms of practice, for example, the study's results have implications for the formulation and enforcement of policies concerning the use of e‐mail systems.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to consider the effects of e‐mail policies on employee reactions (i.e. fairness and invasiveness).

Academic Staff Perception on Effective Planning of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Distance Learning Programme

This study investigated the academic staff perception on effective planning of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in distance learningprogramme. A research question and null hypothesis guided the conduct ofthe study. The survey design was adopted and a researcher - developedquestionnaire containing 18 items was used to collect data from 259academic staff in the tertiary institutions in Anambra State. Mean and t-test were used in answering the research question and null hypothesis.Prominent among the major findings of the study were the use of electronic mail (e-mail), electronic notice board, internet, video conferencing, facsimile machine (fax), disc player, satellite telecommunication, slide audio cassetteetc in distance learning programme. It was recommended that:Government/institutions should provide among other things, a website or beconnected to internet and procure up to date computers with genuine spareparts and competent computer operators. Again, government should liaisewith media houses, information and communication technology providersand other relevant bodies in enhancing distance learning.