Electronic Lock Research Articles

Innovation in security: a proposal for access control with dual authentication through facial recognition and radiofrequency

Property security represents a set of activities and preventive actions aimed at reducing potential losses in organisations. In this context, electric locks that support different authentication methods, such as passwords, digital keys with security tokens, and radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, offer improvements in access control; however, they represent a single barrier of protection. In this article, we propose FaceTag, a prototype with dual authentication via facial recognition and RFID, which has been integrated into an electronic lock to support future access control in educational institutions. To validate our proposal, we implemented a prototype and evaluated its operation in different scenarios. FaceTag proved to be effective and stable in testbed experiments, capable of providing a high degree of accuracy for access control in the desired environment.

Design of Face Detection and Recognition System to Enhance Security of Safe Locker

In recent years, safe lockers have been spread in public places to secure valuable belongings. The people are concerned about losing safe locker keys or use of the spare key by others and will remain worried about their things. To solve the forenamed matter, this paper proposed a system that depends on biometrics to secure valuable things and can minimize their concerns and worries. The proposed system consists of two major parts, software, and hardware. In the hardware part, A microcontroller with a camera and an electronic lock will be used to securely open or close the door of the safe locker. In the software part, the images that are pictured by the camera will be prepared by an image processing algorithm and then Support Vector Machines (SVM) will be trained in the images of a person. The images and information of the person will be saved until the belongings come out and after that deletes everything to prepare for another one. Index Terms— Safe Locker, Face Detection, Face Recognition, Machine Learning, Cyber Security.

The Electronic Lock of Fingerprint Identification

Biometrics is more and more widely used in the security system, with the current realistic needs as a starting point, a microcontroller-based fingerprint identification electronic lock design method is proposed to realize the transformation from the traditional security system door locks to the new fingerprint identification electronic locks. This design uses the matrix keyboard to enter the password and fingerprint to unlock the door in two ways: Through the fingerprint module to collect fingerprints; stm32 microcontroller as the main control module of the fingerprint identification electronic lock, the fingerprints collected by the AS608 fingerprint module and the fingerprints in the memory of the microcontroller will be compared, and the results will be displayed on the screen, the comparison is successful to open the lock, and vice versa does not open the lock. Through the 4x4 matrix keyboard to realize the password unlocking; stm32 microcontroller as the main control module of the fingerprint identification electronic lock, the password entered on the matrix keyboard and the password in the memory of the microcontroller will be compared, and the unlocking result will be displayed on the screen. This design has the advantages of small size, high cost-effectiveness and reliable safety factor. The overall test results of the system show that the fingerprint identification electronic lock functions normally, and the functional modules work stably, realizing the basic functions that the fingerprint identification electronic lock has, which can be used for door locks and other various devices that need security locks.

Four Digital Electronic Combination Key Using A 74HCT688 Comparator IC Accompanied with An Alarm as A Security

The development of science and technology is increasingly useful and has a positive impact on providing convenience in all areas of human life, so that various tools, books, information, facilities and others are increasingly new and developing more rapidly. In addition, the development of science and technology also has a negative or detrimental effect on human life, namely the occurrence of various rampant crimes, acts of theft, robbery, bank break-ins that often occur everywhere, for this the key role as a security device becomes very important. Various forms of locks are widely used, both mechanical and electronic, compared to electronic locks, mechanical locks are felt to be less secure for use as door security, a four-digit digital electronic combination lock is designed using a comparator IC 74HCT688 accompanied by an alarm as a door guard

Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Copper Foam with Graded Porous Architectures for Energy Harvesting and Human Motion Monitoring

With the rising development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great application potential to dramatically improve our daily lives as self-powered sensors in portable and wearable electronics. In this study, copper foam with graded porous architectures (CFGA), featuring interconnected micro- and nanoporous composite structures, has been developed via a cost-effective and convenient industrial strategy, including electro galvanizing, thermal diffusion, and corrosion methods in sequence. Based on the measurement and evaluation of compressed force, frequency, and reliability, the obtained CFGA can enlarge the contact surface areas and improve the output performance of TENG effectively as a positive electrode. The results show that TENG based on CFGA can yield an open-circuit voltage and a short circuit current of as high as 45.8 V and 1.88 μA, respectively. The corresponding maximum output peak power can reach ∼52.9 μW. For practical application, CFGA-TENG can be designed in a spacer-free structure for keyboards with the function of electronic code lock. Meanwhile, it can also be applied in smart shoe insoles as a self-powered CFGA-TENG sensor array for human motion monitoring in real time. Our work provides an industrial production approach for functional electronics as energy harvesters and sensors and makes it more accessible for practical applications.

Experimental method research and miniature durability test-bench design of electric sliding door

With recent enhancements in vehicle electrification, electric sliding doors have received significant research attention; however, the testing methods for the sliding doors components need to be improved. Herein, according to the durability evaluation index of sliding doors, a miniaturized durability test bench is designed for the electronic lock system and sliding door power output mechanism assembly. The motion trajectory of the electronic lock system can be fitted as a circular arc curve through dynamic characteristics analysis; therefore, a four-bar linkage with a flexible link is used to simulate the trajectory. Through the finite element simulation method, the test-bench stress is calculated at room temperature and a high temperature (75°C); this facilitates the selection of an appropriate material (GCr15). This experimental method is an economical, reliable, and accurate scheme to standardize the durability test of the electronic lock system and power output mechanism assembly.

BackProx: Secure Backscatter-Assisted Proximity Detection for Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems.

A passive keyless entry and start (PKES) system is an electronic lock for an automobile that provides the great convenience of opening the door when the user is in proximity. However, the system suffers from relay attacks. Recent studies revealed that relayed signals result in valid packets that are sufficient to unlock doors. In particular, the adversary causes proximity errors by injecting a certain time delay before relaying to manipulate the phase rotation in the response signal. To this end, we present a novel relay-resilient proximity detection solution, BackProx, which uses pseudo-random frequency hopping with the assistance of a reference backscattering device. Since the relay adversary transmits the relayed signals from the key fob at long distances, the signals should propagate over longer distances, resulting in inevitable significant phase rotation with different frequencies. Inspired by this finding, BackProx uses an additional backscattering device to ensure the proximity of the key fob using the invariant characteristics of radio frequency signals in the physical layer (i.e., phase rotation). Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of BackProx in resisting three types of relay attacks. The results show that it achieved a 98% true positive rate at close range and a 0.3% false positive rate at long range.

OTP System Based Smart Door Lock

New, improved locking solutions are replacing older lock systems that use a mechanical lock and key mechanism. These methods combine mechanical and electronic components and are extremely intelligent. One of the standout characteristics of these cutting-edge lock systems is their efficiency and simplicity. Such an automatic lock system comprises of an electronic control assembly that authenticates users through GSM and uses an OTP to control the output. A motor, lamp, or any other mechanical or electrical load could be this output load. Here, we used an Arduino microcontroller to create an electronic code lock system. Our main objective is to build a comprehensive security system using embedded (Microcontroller) and wireless (GSM device) technology. The suggested solution offers a low-cost service with assured high security when compared to competing security systems.

Speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics

Speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics

Speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics

Speech unlocking information recognition method of intelligent electronic lock based on acoustic spectrum characteristics

Chaos shift keying secure communication based on improper fractional-order chaotic system and its application in electronic lock

Chaos shift keying secure communication based on improper fractional-order chaotic system and its application in electronic lock

Design and Build Entry Access Restriction System Laboratory Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Keypad Technology

The laboratory access restriction system has been realized using RFID and keypad technology, based on an Arduino microcontroller as a processor. The system has recorded users who entered the room by identifying the RFID tag (transponder) used to open the door from the outside. As for access outside the room, the user only needs to enter the password as identification data on the keypad, and the system would reduce the number of room users and open the door. The output of this system was a solenoid lock which functions as an electronic lock and an LCD to display the status of the RFID reading. The test results showed that the system created can work well. RFID Reader was able to read tags with a maximum distance of 4 cm. The program counter functions well, so the number of users was limited to 15 (50% of the maximum capacity).

AN IOT BASED BANK LOCKER SECURITY SYSTEM

This paper will focused on effective recognizing and controlling system for Bank locker room which is fully self determining. In cases of robberies, it’s commonly happen that the banned entrance in the locker room area which can be detected by our security system. If the robbery take place the banks are not be capable to recognize the robber due to absence of the proof by using the current human operated security system. Development of various sensors has enabled systems to have preventive and corrective measures in this regard significantly. In order to deliver a concrete security solution for critically important and confidential documents and goods, we proposed an Automated Safety Vault with Double Layered Defense Mechanism. The solution comprised of an Electronic Lock driven by password verification and a Biometric authentication for users using a Finger print scanning and sensing tool. Both of these two layers ensured the authenticity of the user by preventing any unauthorized access to the Vault. The system was then implemented in a prototype scope for testing and validation of the proposals. The implemented system and testing data showed that the Automated Safety Vault with all its security features had successful operation. The specification of the whole system as well as the results is observed and verified.

High stability in near-infrared spectroscopy: part 1, adapting clock techniques to optical feedback

Optical feedback is an efficient way to narrow and stabilise semi-conductor lasers. As a step forward for ultra-stable, yet highly tunable sources, we developed a new prototype of a three-mirror V-shaped optical cavity (VCOF). It is made of a precisely machined Zerodur spacer, that holds 3 optical contacted mirrors forming a high finesse V-shaped cavity. This arrangement allows the resonant light to be sent back to the seeding laser, triggering a drastic narrowing of the emission linewidth well below the cavity mode width without the need for high-bandwidth active electronic lock of the laser on the cavity. Low expansion material and precise temperature control of the reference cavity leads to a source with Hz level frequency drift and 70 Hz-level emission linewidth at 215 THz. We discuss the benefits of this new prototype compared to its predecessor for high-sensitivity cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). To serve this purpose, the frequency stabilised laser was characterised on short, mid and long time scales, using a high finesse etalon, a self referenced optical frequency comb and a long term saturated CRDS absorption Lamb dip measurement on water.

An RFID Based Access Control System operating with a Computer Program and a Database

This article focuses on the realization of an access control system based on RFID (Radio Frequency by Identification) technology. It is an authentication system for controlling access to a sensitive place. This system is composed of RFID cards which are badges that act as electronic keys, an RFID reader, an electronic lock, a microcontroller, a wifi module and a database installed on a computer. The identification number of an RFID card detected by the RFID reader is transferred, via the serial interface, to the microcontroller that communicates with the computer through the wifi module for verification in the database. If the information is valid, the microcontroller triggers the opening of the electronic lock.

Design of Password Lock Based on Fingerprint Recognition

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, fingerprint identification has been applied to many fields and achieved good results. Fingerprint identification has high security. The progress of all kinds of science and technology has gradually reduced its production cost. This also promotes the rapid development of fingerprint identification.Therefore, in this design, a fingerprint identification electronic password lock system is designed with a single chip microcomputer as the core. The single chip microcomputer is used for fingerprint identification and password identification, and the LCD screen is used to display the corresponding interface and data. The sampling relay module simulates unlocking, LED lights and buzzers. Perform button prompts and alarm processing. The overall volume of the system designed in this design is small and has a high cost performance. This design is based on 51 single chip microcomputer as the basis to design a fingerprint identification electronic code lock, combined with the design requirements, the STC89C54RD+ single chip microcomputer is selected, and the fingerprint module is ZFM-40, which has rich functions and can access fingerprints. It communicates with the fingerprint module ZFM-40 through the UART function of STC89C54RD+, and the specific exchanged content is realized in the form of code. The liquid crystal equipment selected is HS12864-15C, which has a high degree of integration and is suitable for ordinary family use. Through the 3-wire serial data interface and the microcontroller for data transmission, the corresponding interface and data are displayed on the HS12864-15C, such as: main menu, administrator interface, unlocking and error information, etc., which is convenient for users to view and use. In the design, the relay is used to simulate the lock, and the high and low level output of one pin of the single-chip microcomputer controls the closing of the relay public end and the normally open and normally closed ports, so as to control the power on and off of the strong electric device to achieve the purpose of unlocking. The test results meet expectations, the functions envisaged in the early stage are basically realized, and the design has the characteristics of low cost.

Design and Fabrication of QN9080DK Based Bluetooth 5.0 Fingerprint Lock Controller

The QN9080DK is a development board from NXP specifically for the wireless access market, which has an integrated QN9080 Bluetooth system-on-a-chip (SOC) with an Arm CortexM4F core and a dedicated fusion sensor coprocessor. In this paper, with the help of MCUXpresso integrated development environment (IDE), SDK, CrotexM4F core, Bluetooth 5.0, serial communication, Arduino software and hardware and so on, a Bluetooth fingerprint lock controller is designed and fabricated. The lock controller has the functions of user Bluetooth password access and unlocking, fingerprint entry, fingerprint unlocking and fingerprint permission deletion, etc. After the joint debugging of system software and hardware, the designed Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 5.0 fingerprint smart electronic lock controller meets the expected requirements.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-Based Validated Electronic Lock for Automatic Monitoring System

This study aims to create a prototype of an electronic key system using internet of things-based RFID with a validated monitoring system with registered data. This system is applied to the door of the Integrated Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Lampung. The electronic keys that are created are very difficult to break into and also easy to change the access secret code to maintain confidentiality. The developed electronic door lock device has strong security reliability with code validation. The code validation block serves as a door unlock determinant. The validated data will produce a signal 1 which will drive the actuator, in this case the door lock solenoid, to work (lock open). The security code has 2554 combinations. To access the door from outside, the RFID tag should be registered in the database and permitted by administration and the ID number data is on the processor. The counter will count the number of people who pass through the door, if more than one person then the buzzer will sound. Then the door lock solenoid is closed and will lock the door again. From the experimental results it is found that this system can work well with a minimum delay of 1.8 s obtained at a distance between devices of 5 m.

Intelligent Cabinet Lock Control System Based on Cloud Technology

With the rapid development of wireless communication and Internet of things, intelligent products have been widely used in living and industrial places. The purpose of this paper is to develop an intelligent controller and intelligent lock cabinet for the monitoring of optical cable handover box. It can monitor the temperature, humidity, fire, flood, vibration and the identity of the personnel in and out of the optical cable box, and send the data information to the management server through wireless communication, so as to realize the purpose of monitoring and management of the optical cable box. The products under development include intelligent controllers, smart keys and electronic locks. The smart key is used in conjunction with the electronic lock.

Design Concept of a Motorcycle Secondary Electronic Lock

Design process of a motorcycle secondary electronic lock system is reported in this paper. The design of a smart lock was established based on an available conventional lock in the market. The process began with design generation to gather related idea and design concept. The design then was subjected to concept evaluation through a design matrix to determine the best option. In addition, selection of internal component and mechanism were evaluated through a morphological chart. The design and component were selected based on the highest score in term of functionality, fabrication, safety and marketability. The chosen design was then converted to a 3D model using computer aid design (CAD) and a simulation strength test was applied to the model by using a commercial software. The simulation using common hacking tool used by theft was successfully conducted and showing positive results on its robustness.