Electronic Business Transactions Research Articles

Kebebasan Berekspresi dalam Tekanan Regulasi: Studi terhadap Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE)

This research aims to explain the implications of the implementation of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) on freedom of expression and democracy in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method and is based on a post-positivistic paradigm. Data collection techniques were conducted through document analysis, in-depth interviews and observation. The research concludes that there is insufficient evidence to explain the background to the inclusion of several problematic articles into the ITE Law in 2008. The government and the House of Representatives originally prepared the ITE Bill to regulate electronic business transactions and pornography. However, at the last moment, articles with an authoritarian spirit were included. In addition, the implementation of this law has had the implication of inhibiting freedom of speech and expression in the virtual space and traumatizing victims to express their opinions on social media. Finally, civil society consistently rejects the ITE Law because it is misused to limit freedom of expression, which is part of democracy and human rights.

Jurisdiction of Legality of Cyber Notary Conceptual for Electronic Business Transaction

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the form of application according to the cyber notary concept in claiming the authenticity of electronic transactions & studying the notary settings in claiming the authenticity of electronic transactions. This paper uses a normative rule research method because the emphasis of the study moves according to the ambiguity of habit. The form of application according to the cyber notary concept in claiming the authenticity of electronic transactions is that the parties permanently arrive & deal with the notaries. However, the parties personally read the draft deed on each computer, after agreeing, the parties immediately signed the deed electronically at the Notary's workplace. Notary arrangements for claiming the authenticity of electronic transactions play a role in the issuance of electronic certificates through the Electronic Certification Provider forum. The role of a notary for the Certification Authority is also in the issuance of Electronic Certificates through Electronic Certification Providers

Legal Protection of the Parties in Online Electronic Business Transactions

Information and communication technology has developed so widely and has a direct impact on providing convenience for people in Indonesia. One of the impacts felt by the community from technological developments can be seen through the increasing number of economic activities that use the internet as a medium for transactions carried out electronically. E-commerce or what is often referred to as electronic transaction is a trading activity carried out online by business actors and consumers in conducting trading activities. Electronic transactions have both good and bad effects on the parties involved. Both consumers and business owners are entitled to legal protection for their losses. This study aims to examine the legal arrangements in electronic business transactions through e-commerce and disclose legal protection for the parties if there is an act of fraud or violation during an electronic business transaction. The problems raised in this study are how the legal protection for the parties in electronic business transactions and what are the legal problems faced by consumers in conducting electronic business transactions. The writing method in this study uses a normative legal analysis method and uses a legal approach related to the rights of the parties, the obligations of the parties, the prohibitions of business actors and the responsibilities of the parties in conducting online transactions. The results of this study indicate that legal protection for parties in electronic business transactions or e-commerce includes legal protection for consumers in the form of: compensation for losses suffered by consumers as regulated in legislation and legal protection for business owners in the form of money advanced by consumers who have entered online transactions. In terms of civil law, legal protection for the parties includes three main principles in making and implementing an agreement, namely a) the principle of freedom of contract or an open system, b) the principle of consensualism, c) the principle of good faith

Consumer Protection Against Standard Clauses in Business Transactions Through E-Commerce

<p><em>Standard agreements or standard agreements aim to provide convenience or practicality for the parties in conducting transactions, especially in the business sector. Problems will arise when consumers in electronic business transactions face standard agreement formulas in which many standard clauses require consumers to agree. In practice, currently, no e-commerce platform does not use standard agreement formats and clauses in transactions with consumers. This form of the agreement positions the consumer as a party that has no bargaining power, so whatever the contents of the standard agreement are, inevitably must be agreed upon, even though basically the consumer knows that the contents of the agreement are burdensome to him. The problem under study is how is the legal protection of consumers involved in standard agreements with the exoneration clause in a business transaction through electronic media (e-commerce). The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and the views of experts related to the problem. The results of the study show that standard contracts containing exoneration clauses have legal consequences for consumers, namely the responsibility that should be borne by business actors becomes the responsibility of consumers. The Consumer Protection Law requires business actors to immediately adjust the standard contracts used with the provisions of the law, but in practice, this is difficult to do.</em><em></em></p>

Portal E-Sertifikat dengan QR Code Menggunakan PHP dan MYSQL

The increasing globalization of integrated system communication technology makes the world seem to be borderless, especially with the increasingly widespread use of the internet (interconnection network). One of the most developed cyber activities related to the use of the internet is electronic business transactions, the definition of Electronic Transactions is legal acts carried out with using computers, computer networks and other electronic media. Meanwhile, an electronic system is a series of electronic devices and procedures that function to prepare, collect, process, analyze, store, display, announce, transmit and/or disseminate electronics. Currently, the need for information in activities to get certificates such as seminars, training, webinars and others is sought after by not only students but also the general public. This is due to the large number of companies that require a certificate of activity when applying for a job and graduation in Higher Education. In handling the process of processing data activities which includes member registration, activity planning, certificate printing to report printing until now is still running traditionally in the sense that certificate printing is carried out collectively so that data processing often occurs loss and damage to data on activities that have been carried out and the length of time for printing certificates, this is because certificate printing is carried out 1 (one) week after the activity is carried out.

Legislative and legal constraints on use of electronic money: a case study on business organisations

The world has become a small village; we must look at it as a whole. The outlook must be comprehensive despite its wide geographic scope, different origins, different languages and different religious doctrines. The world inhabits one village. From this concept, all economic and trade laws must be consolidated and the legal gaps between all countries of the world's electronic commercial contracts should also be consolidated. Standardise electronic payment methods develop security controls, safeguard the integrity of business transactions and maintain the confidentiality of data. This study aims to investigate the legal obstacles and security gaps that limit the use of electronic commerce in the Arab markets. This study proposes solutions to these obstacles based on the phenomena of the observations and the collected information. A questionnaire was produced to study these constraints based on the four levels of e-commerce: availability, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation. This study found that the laws and regulations, used by the business organisations in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province in their electronic business transactions, were insufficient. These laws need to be developed in order to achieve improvements to the availability, confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation of e-commerce.

Sustainable value creation through information technology-enabled supply chains in emerging markets

PurposeWhile the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on logistics and supply chain management (SCM) is recently much discussed, this is hardly linked to emerging economies and base of the pyramid (BoP) settings. The paper aims as offering a framework linking different conceptual elements to each other for explaining how ICT enables sustainable value creation in emerging economy supply chains (SCs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds on conceptual reasoning linking constructs from the different fields to each other.FindingsUsing conceptual reasoning linking constructs, six elements are identified: (1) SC flows, (2) BoP challenges and (3) ICT services as starting points, and environmental conditions driving sustainable value creation. The application of ICT within BoP SC operations drives the process of sustainable value creation by enabling new ways of (4) electronic business (e-business) transactions and (5) SSCM behaviors. This leads to (6) sustainable value for businesses using ICT applications and their respective stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsEmpirical testing by collecting field data in emerging economy contexts would be demanded to address the limitation of building on conceptual reasonings.Practical implicationsThe framework provides various SC-related measures driving e-business value creation for managers of businesses, charity organizations and policymakers in emerging communities.Social implicationsUnderstanding the use of smartphones and other mobile devices for businesses and their supply chains in emerging markets would have wide ranging social implication addressed in the sustainable value creation of the framework offered.Originality/valueThe conceptual framework brings different elements together offering insights into ICT applications in BoP SCs. Linking SCM, ICT and BoP to each other is a novel contribution having wider implications for the future development of emerging economies.

Liability for Right Holders to Electronic Marks (E-Commerce) on the Commercialization of Individual Trade Actions in Electronic Business Transactions

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. So, in fact, the principle of proportionality is an alternative solution for electronic brand rights holders (e-commerce), which provides legal protection based on the first to file principle system given to registered trademark rights holders who have good intentions, are preventive or repressive. On the other hand, it’s necessary to guarantee legal certainty to be able to provide accountability when there are ties or agreements in electronic business transactions in the field of trade and other trading businesses, so as to guarantee a sense of security and comfort in investing and doing business in the world of digitalization and e-commerce.

ВЗАЄМОДІЯ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗІ СПОЖИВАЧАМИ ТОВАРІВ ТА ПОСЛУГ У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The modern development of economic relations, their global nature on the one hand, and the development of information and communication technologies, on the other, have led to the emergence of a specific form of these relations - electronic business and e-commerce. Market entities quickly master new opportunities for organizing business communications and are actively involved in the electronic business environment. This leads to the fact that access to information technologies becomes not just a competitive advantage, but a necessary condition for the functioning of market entities. However, despite the rapid development of electronic business communications, there are a large number of problems that hinder the integration of the national economy into the global economic electronic space. Large Ukrainian corporations with significant export volumes and extensive foreign economic ties simply cannot afford to stay outside the space of the modern world market, in which its electronic part is beginning to account for an increasing share. Large sales volumes allow, even if a small part of the manufactured products is sold at the first stages, to ensure the economic efficiency of their electronic platforms. It has been established that e-commerce is a type of economic activity, the essence of which is to carry out various business transactions between business entities, business activities in cyberspace, ie the use of the Internet and other interactive functions. The development of e-commerce is becoming increasingly important in the context of globalization of economic processes, due to the possibility of achieving a global presence and economic activity worldwide, global choice of goods and services regardless of geographical location, optimization of trade flows, reducing costs for servicing the operation, which, in turn, leads to lower prices, the emergence of new goods and services (remote banking, insurance, brokerage services). Unfortunately, in Ukraine, the field of e-commerce is inferior to many developing countries, primarily due to the high level of distrust and low public awareness of the e-business sector, insufficient level of modernization of information and telecommunications technologies. Today in Ukraine, the segments of e-commerce - business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) are the most developed and represent, respectively, the sphere of concluding electronic business transactions between business entities. The article examines the reasons why the potential of e-commerce in Ukraine is not fully realized and the main factors of the growth of Internet commerce in the country.

Pengawasan terhadap Transaksi Bisnis E-Commerce dalam Mewujudkan Perlindungan Konsumen

E-commerce is a buying and selling activity carried out via the internet with electronic media. Based on this, two problems were raised as follows: 1). What are the aspects of consumer protection against electronic business transactions, 2). How to regulate the control of electronic business transactions in ensuring the implementation of consumer rights. The research method used in the preparation of this research is normative with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, namely analyzing the problems to be discussed through legal concepts taken from several books and literature that have relevance to the problem. The data sources used are primary data, namely through statutory regulations, secondary data, namely using legal theory and experts, and tertiary data, namely related to legal dictionaries and encyclopedias. The technique of collecting data is through the method of recording legal materials and collecting references used. The data analysis used systematic legal interpretation and legal argumentation based on deductive logic. However, all the benefits that are offered, there is a concern about the responsibility of online companies to online consumers considering so many online companies. The Trade Law and the Consumer Protection Act are the basis for trading in online trading and / or in conventional trading. In this case the need for supervision in order to improve harmony in each application. The results showed that the aspect of protection was carried out by defending the rights of consumers against the disturbance of other parties. In order to increase awareness, knowledge, concern and independence of consumers, especially in choosing, determining and demanding their rights as consumers. There are several principles in consumer protection, namely the principle of benefit, the principle of justice, the principle of security and safety, the principle of balance, the principle of legal certainty.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF ONLINE BUSINESS TRANSACTION (E-COMMERCE) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA

In Indonesia, the electronic business (e-commerce) transaction has shown a rapid development after the application of the social distancing in the efforts to handle the spread of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Initially, the increase of the people’s interests to shop online was to buy masks and hand sanitizers for protection against the disease. Then, there was an increase of interest to buy stationery (as there is the trend of working and studying from home) and also medical equipment. Yet, in its application, there are many cases of where the customers experienced loss due to the use of this type of business transaction. There are legal protections on electronic transaction which have been violated during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. These transactions are regulated on the Constitution No. 11 of 2007 regarding Information and Electronic Transaction and also Article 1365 of Burgerlijke Wetboek (BW). The stipulations of the BW Article 1365 may be applied in cases which violate the law in online business transactions (e-commerce). To fill in the legal void, there needs to be an extensive legal interpretation.

BlockU: Extended usage control in and for Blockchain

AbstractAn electronic business transaction among untrusted bodies without consulting a mutually trusted party has remained widely accepted problem. Blockchain resolves this problem by introducing peer‐to‐peer network with a consensus algorithm and trusted ledger. Blockchain originally introduced for cryptocurrency that came with proof‐of‐work consensus algorithm. Due to some performance issues, scientists brought concept of permissioned Blockchain. Hyperledger Fabric is a permissioned Blockchain targeting business‐oriented problems for industry. It is designed for efficient transaction execution over Blockchain with pluggable consensus model; however, there is limitation of rapid application development. Hyperledger introduced a new layer called Hyperledger Composer on top of the Fabric layer, which provides an abstract layer to model the business application readily and quickly. Composer provides a smart contract to extend the functionality and flexibility of Fabric layer and provides a way of communication with other systems to meet business requirements. Hyperledger Composer uses role‐based access control (RBAC) model to secure access to its valuable assets. However, RBAC is not enough because many business deals require continuous assets monitoring. Our proposed model, BlockU, covers all possible access control models required by a business. BlockU can monitor assets continuously during transactions and updates attributes accordingly. Moreover, we incorporate hooks in Hyperledger Composer to implement extended permission model that provides extensive permission management capability on an asset. Subsequently, our proposed enhanced access control model is implemented with a minimal change to existing Composer code base and is backward compatible with the current security mechanism.

Transforming Online Negative Blogs in the Use of Credit Cards in Electronics Transactions into Constructive Action: Basis of Creating Business Spend Analyzer Model

This exploratory qualitative research aimed at combining the negative perception of cardholders to negative blogs in using a credit card purchasing power in order to develop a new business model and spent analyzer, i.e., transforming online negative blogs in the use of credit cards in electronic transactions as basis for creating a business spend analyzer model. Specifically, it looked into the negative blogs posted by the credit card holders in terms of visa/master cards electronic business transactions, the analysis of negative blogs to produce a useful information for the visa and master cards holder, and the creation of business spend analyzer model. There were 1793 blogs considered and used in the study and 12 themes emerged namely; failure to transact payments, failure to reflect payments, failure to update, failure to give discounts, no reward points, excessive annual fees, failure to use, no cash out, too many calls, received threats, legal letters and experienced embarrassing situation. Based on the analysis of the online negative blogs, Semantia software had been used and revealed that the sentiment analysis is .024 and generally neutral, however its neutrality tends to be more into negative as the number of negative blogs is becoming more evident against the positive words. Modifying the model and removing the Acquirer entity can save the credit card holders in paying the hidden cost and can just be converted to savings. The used of spent analyzer is acceptable as it gradually allows the credit card holder to recover from the net of debt.

A game-theoretic model and analysis of data exchange protocols for Internet of Things in clouds

Big data, Internet of things (IoT), and cloud computing have been recognized a family of technologies for a connected world. Besides hailed hope for the future, there are also challenges to security due to complexity and unpredictability of the Internet, clouds, and data. One of the challenges is information and data exchange, for example, identifying untrustworthy cloud users and analyzing abnormal user behavior during information exchange. This paper addresses exchange mechanism, which is a useful theoretic basis to make secure electronic commerce and electronic business transactions possible. To ensure and verify the property of fairness, a crucial property of exchange mechanism, this paper proposes a specific model for behavior analysis based on the extensive game with imperfect information. Rationality and fairness properties are built in the corresponding game and the game tree. To verify the properties, a tree analysis method is proposed, and a linear time algorithm is given. As a case study, some flaws of the ASW protocol are found.

An EDI Transaction Set Development Lifecycle (TSDL): A Case Study in the Food Manufacturing Industry

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is widely regarded by organizations worldwide as the business standard for the timely and secure exchange of electronic business transactions in an expanding global marketplace. While numerous research efforts have explored how the adoption, implementation, and integration of this technology can impact an organization's technical, organizational, and competitive environment few studies have documented the process used by organizations to implement EDI transaction sets with trading partners. This paper advances an innovative lifecycle used by a food manufacturing company to successfully design, implement, and test an EDI transaction set. This paper also describes how this transaction set development lifecycle (TDSL) can be integrated into an organization's standard systems development lifecycle (SDLC) to ensure the timely completion of IT projects. Finally, a discussion of the impact of the TDSL on the organization's business practices is presented.

Economia criativa e a nova agenda econômica: o sentido da abordagem classificatória para um fenômeno contemporâneo

The economic sociology related to the multidimensional approach to social reality has allowed Brazilian researchers to have a better understanding of the establishment of new markets for the circulation of cultural goods and services. The production of these goods has led to government actions such as printing new classifications of economic activities, promoting the articulation of these sectors and making available incentives (credit lines and tax benefits) targeted at their structuring. Thus, among the so-called “creative industries” there are companies based on organizational models designed for electronic business transactions, promoting new socio-economic implications and transformations in sociability. The study aims to point out empirical evidence of the occurrence of this phenomenon, taking into account the development of a new economy based on enterprises that adopt the principle of collaboration as part of the management of creativity in the production processes. Keywords: creative economy, creative industries, market of technological goods and services.

Selling Culture: Implementation of E-Commerce and WAP-Based Prototypes

Museum stores represent integral parts of the museums that have also a lot to benefit from a successful presence on the web arena. In addition to traditional web sites, carefully designed electronic commerce (e-commerce) sites may increase the potential of museum stores offering possibilities for on-line shopping and other commercial functions. In parallel, the recent convergence of the traditionally separate technologies of the Internet and mobile telephony has brought the concept of ‘wireless Internet’ into the spotlight. Within this context, ‘mobile commerce’ (m-commerce) is a relatively new trend that represents a natural extension of e-commerce into the wireless world. M-commerce refers to electronic business transactions and differentiates from e-commerce since it involves the use of mobile devices and wireless medium rather than wired. The unique characteristics of mobile computing bring forward new challenges and opportunities for museum stores. This article presents the design and implementation of an e-commerce and an m-commerce museum shop application. The aim is to evaluate and compare the two applications in terms of several parameters, such as available technologies, strengths and limitations, design requirements, usability, interaction speed, usage cost, etc and also to identify ways for enhancing the potential of such applications and designing successful and profitable business models.

Adopting E-Business in Small and Medium Enterprise

INTRODUCTION Electronic business (e-business) has become a part of everyday life for individuals and businesses. Advances in technology including web based technology have made e-business cost effective and easy to implement for even small businesses. The benefits and applications derived from e-business are vast and can be applied in areas including shipping, sales, advertising, supply chain, and electronic data interchange. Businesses are finding implementation of e- business a necessity to compete in the marketplace. In contrast to the benefits derived from the applications of e-business, Internet technologies have increased individual vulnerabilities to fraud and theft and raised concerns about privacy and policy (Magid, Tatikonda & Cochran, 2009). Advances in technology are expected to reduce individual vulnerabilities and increase the benefits and applications of e-business. RFID is a current technology being implemented, tested and improved and are expected to shape the future of electronic commerce. HISTORY OF E-BUSINESS E-business refers to the process of exchanging goods, services, and payments through electronic transactions typically performed through electronic data interchange (EDI), virtual private networks (VPN's) or the Internet. The origins of electronic business transactions or e-commerce can be traced back as early as 1910 when a group of florists developed a network utilizing the telegraph to exchange out-of-town orders for floral arrangements. This network developed into the Florists' Telegraph Delivery group which still exists today as FTD, Inc., (Hayes, 2002). The next major development in e-business came in 1948 during the Berlin airlift. Tons of food and supplies were flown to West Berlin, Germany by the United States as a result of Soviet road and railway blockades separating East and West Germany. The airlift required manifests to track the shipments of the supplies but the current manifest system had multiple forms making it difficult for timely processing of the complex tracking. As a result, U.S. Army Master Sgt. Edward A. Guilbert developed a manifest system that could be transmitted by telex, radio-teletype, or telephone (Hayes, 2002) allowing for electronic shipping transactions of the supplies. Guilbert took this concept to DuPont Co. in the 1960's and helped develop another standard electronic system for delivering order/shipping information between DuPont and one of its suppliers, Chemical Leahman Tank Lines. Electronic manifest systems flourished in the shipping industries for the next three years. The Transportation Data Coordinating Committee (TDCC) was formed in 1968 to set up standards among industries (not just the shipping industry). In 1975, they published the electronic data interchange (EDI) specifications (Hayes, 2002). Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the transfer of business information through computers using a standard format. Businesses rely on the telecommunications infrastructure, an early version of e-business network, to carry out the information exchange of EDI. When EDI first began being utilized, many companies developed their own proprietary EDI protocols. Only vendors or other business affiliates that had the same corresponding system could use these protocols. Therefore, typically only the largest companies who could afford to develop these protocols used EDI specifications. Value added networks (VAN's) were hence developed during this time by third party companies. They provided the EDI connection between businesses that did not have the appropriate capacity or means to develop one. Even so, the applications of EDI were kept developing throughout the shipping, food, automotive, and retail industries. As the use of EDI grew, more and more companies demanded their vendors or suppliers utilize these systems. As a result, a universal public EDI standard was developed called ANSI X12 in 1984 (Weisman, 2000). …

A Computer-Assisted Educational Auction Simulation

Background Internet auctions are popular mechanisms to conduct electronic-business transactions. Because they have received a significant attention, auction simulations have spread to a variety of domains. Aim The aim of this article is to examine participation in an educational Internet auction simulation and analyze participants’ behavior and attitude. Method Forty-eight students participated in two auction simulation sessions. Data were collected during the exercise, and questionnaire results were analyzed. Results Findings reveal a long-tail distribution of participation among users. Participants use the simulation mostly in latter phases. Participants’ performance was affected by the intensiveness of participation. Conclusion Long-duration simulations with voluntary participation provide benefits to enthusiastic participants and may suffer from procrastination tendency.

Information & Communication Technology Law

A web address usually begins www. This prefix embodies an important concept; that Internet is a world wide application. It involves international protocols and conventions as well as state and national legislation. A Cyberlaw student needs to be aware of online jurisdiction rules that apply to local and cross border transactions. Lapses in choice of law and forum in contracting can land an e-commerce vendor in a foreign jurisdiction that may be outside of the shores of the India. The factors that are driving Internet applications include the expanding global communication networks, the expansion of global online markets, and the emerging of business models that provide access to the global market. Business strategies have evolved from the bricks and mortar retail establishments, and catalog outlets into electronic business transactions that run the full cycle from procurement of raw materials, to processing and distribution of manufactured goods, to order fulfillment systems and international payment processes via electronic funds transfer systems. In addition to the international sale of goods, there is a blossoming of electronic services that were previously only available through hard line links to service providers. Internet retailing, banking, and data exchange now flow over computer grids and satellite systems. Deals are closed not with a handshake, but with an exchange of private keys. Internal business communications are conducted over networks connecting company employees to homes and offices worldwide. Electronic mail, file transfer, image senders, video-conferencing and other workflow are accomplished between remote sites that need to be secure. Cyberspace is the complete value chain that links suppliers, producers, retailers, and customers. Companies that do not plan to enter the e-Commerce arena themselves, still have to deal with clients and customers whose only presence will be in the form of full-service electronic storefronts. These companies will have to adjust their strategic plan to include electronic media in their businesses. Understanding the novel legal issues that arise in relation to, the Internet, electronic commerce and on-line services, as well as the laws and jurisdictional matters that apply to e-commerce applications, will be the instrument of success in positioning a business in the electronic marketplace. Any enterprise that attracts as much traffic and value as does the electronic commerce enterprise, seldom survives in a Laissez-faire environment. This new economic reality is no different. Government intervention in this market exists on every level. From regulating the hours of a cyber-cafe to restrictions on access and content, to international protocol agreements; all levels of government are leaving an imprint on commercial matters in the electronic markets. In the legal market a new classification is emerging: the “Internet Attorney”. This practice area is a crossover specialization that integrates the traditional Intellectual Property practice subjects of Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law with the Litigation practice subjects of Domestic and International Business Law. This practice area incorporates all of the practical applications of doing business online. The legal and regulatory issues of the Internet Law practice area involve the migration of businesses to the electronic storefront, the protection of industrial property, transnational licensing, strategic partnering, of cross border transactions, and electronic financial services. Components of the practice also include consideration of issues of cyber-crime and privacy. In short, the practice of law has embraced the global electronic marketplace. The Cyberlaw program concentration in management of rights and obligations and emerging legal issues in cyberspace provides a new curriculum for training the Internet Attorney. This is a first course in Internet law. You’ll learn the essentials of computer and network technologies, and how those technologies are challenging settled legal understandings. The sources of Internet law are many, from intellectual property to tort to the First Amendment, but by the end of the course, you should be able to sort through the legal complexities in any given case to identify what’s really at stake. Throughout the semester, we’ll tie the doctrines together with four themes: How regulation changes when it’s carried out by computers, rather than by people. Whether going online increases or decreases government control. The new kinds of power possessed by online intermediaries. The extraordinary level of innovation and creativity the Internet has unleashed.