The characterization of a novel Zinc oxide/Magnesium (4 %, 6 %, 8 %, and 10 %) composite via Sol-Gel method and the investigation of its modification properties has been discussed. Structural and optical properties was observed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), and then degradation performance has done evaluated by using UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectrometer. The moment shifting and broadening of the diffraction peaks were clearly detected because of changes in strain and crystallite size. FTIR revealed meaningful the tuning of electron loss function and penetration depth that considerable increase in the efficiency of facilitate ease of light travel for stimulates the photocatalyst process. It found that ZnO/Mg (8 %) has the best degradation and acceleration rates (95.01 % in 15 min) for methylene blue solution were supported by the corresponding Mg atoms position, sharply peak penetration depth and high longitudinal optical (LO) vibration positions.