Electromechanical Hardware Research Articles

Определение запыленности учебных аудиторий Инженерно-технологического института

A dust is formed in the during of vital functions in towns and suburbs. Also dust is formed in the during of technology and industrial operations on the AIC enterprises and other enterprises. A dust is hazardous factor of worker's zone microclimate. A dust have is various composition, size and extraction. This dust is negative affect on people’s health and animals’ health, also electrical and electromechanical hardware have is negative effect too. The quality of products decrease. The environment, living and industrial premises are suffering from the dust. A dust penetrates through ventilation system from windows and doors and goes to the peoples’ clothes and boots. In the course of employment, the dust can hit to respiratory, visual organs and humans’ skin. That's why monitoring of dust in the environment and dust control is serious hygienic, social and economic task. To evaluate state of the environment have been measured of a dust concentration in the classes of Engineering-Technical institute of State Agricultural University of North Ural in the during of lessons. Students spend the significant part of their time on the lessons, therefore environment quality and concentration of dust is affect to students’ health. The researched class is located near with the big car interchange road, also near is located agricultural grounds and rail-roads. But measures have not identified excess of dust concentration. Keywords: DUST, VENTILATION, CLASSES, MONITORING OF THE STATE OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT

A pneumatic random-access memory for controlling soft robots.

Pneumatically-actuated soft robots have advantages over traditional rigid robots in many applications. In particular, their flexible bodies and gentle air-powered movements make them more suitable for use around humans and other objects that could be injured or damaged by traditional robots. However, existing systems for controlling soft robots currently require dedicated electromechanical hardware (usually solenoid valves) to maintain the actuation state (expanded or contracted) of each independent actuator. When combined with power, computation, and sensing components, this control hardware adds considerable cost, size, and power demands to the robot, thereby limiting the feasibility of soft robots in many important application areas. In this work, we introduce a pneumatic memory that uses air (not electricity) to set and maintain the states of large numbers of soft robotic actuators without dedicated electromechanical hardware. These pneumatic logic circuits use normally-closed microfluidic valves as transistor-like elements; this enables our circuits to support more complex computational functions than those built from normally-open valves. We demonstrate an eight-bit nonvolatile random-access pneumatic memory (RAM) that can maintain the states of multiple actuators, control both individual actuators and multiple actuators simultaneously using a pneumatic version of time division multiplexing (TDM), and set actuators to any intermediate position using a pneumatic version of analog-to-digital conversion. We perform proof-of-concept experimental testing of our pneumatic RAM by using it to control soft robotic hands playing individual notes, chords, and songs on a piano keyboard. By dramatically reducing the amount of hardware required to control multiple independent actuators in pneumatic soft robots, our pneumatic RAM can accelerate the spread of soft robotic technologies to a wide range of important application areas.

Design and Construction of an Advanced Tracking Wheel for Insulator Materials Testing

This account details the design and construction of a sophisticated tracking wheel for the accelerated aging of polymer insulators by subjecting them to surface contamination and high voltage. Automated control of wet-dry cycles is achieved by means of a computer-controlled lift mechanism that operates in tandem with the rotation. The applied voltage is continuously variable and can accommodate insulators of mixed lengths. The design incorporates a fail-safe control system that automates the selected test cycle, provides an intuitive user interface, and integrates multiple safety measures. This is achieved by implementing a programmable logic controller with digital and analog inputs and outputs. An associated ladder logic program automates the actuation of electromechanical hardware while also processing the inputs provided from control hardware, such as limit switches, optical encoders, variable frequency drives, and sensors. A touch-screen human interface module provides feedback and allows the user a means of input. Programmed fault detection, flood sensors, and a trapped key system increase the level of user safety and provide environmental and infrastructure protection.

An Analysis on Quadcopter Designing and Simulation

The main prospectus of our paper is to analyse the design of a light weight, low cost and more weight loading capability UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), generally which is also known as quadcopter or multicopter. The designing of quadcopter resides of electromechanical hardware such as brushless DC motors (stepper motors), propellers and electronic speed controller. For reenacting mechanical equipment, attachment programming (Java and C++) and working framework, for example Raspberry Pi, ATmega48PA microcontroller, Arduino UNO (Nano, Mega) are utilised. Controlling of UAV is finished by numerous equipment, for example workstation, cell phones and Radio Frequency RF remote gadgets. The relationship of hardware and the quadcopter should be possible from various perspectives like GPRS, Bluetooth module, Wi-Fi module and numerous applications (Dronefly, Cleanflight, Arducopter and Bluetooth terminal). Quadcopter can be utilised as a part of military observations, contamination acknowledgement, mining location and in film industry.

GOLDi – Grid of Online Lab Devices Ilmenau

Based on a grid concept of an interactive hybrid online laboratory we will describe different fields of applications in different learning scenarios. This infrastructure guaranties a reliable, flexible as well as robust usage of this online lab. By using GOLDi, students are able to design control algorithms with different specification techniques to control electro-mechanical hardware models in the online lab. Additionally, the reconfigurable rapid prototyping platform of the GOLDi system can be used to test all the taught topics of a given lectures in the field of digital system design. Finally, a special demonstration platform (a ball in a labyrinth on a balance plate) can be used to give the students a better feeling about the possibilities and limitations of remote control and observation via Internet and to evaluate these technologies critically.

Nanobots as Therapeutic Devices

Current medicine is limited both by its understanding and by its tools. In many ways, it is still more an art than a science. Today’s drug therapies can target some specific molecules, but only some, and only on the basis of type. Doctors today can’t affect molecules in one cell while leaving identical molecules in a neighboring cell untouched because medicine today cannot apply surgical control to the molecular level. To understand what nanotechnology can do for medicine, we need a picture of the body from a molecular perspective. There are opportunities to design nanosized, bioresponsive systems able to diagnose and then deliver drugs, and systems able to promote tissue regeneration and repair (in disease, trauma and aging), circumventing chemotherapy. The long term goal is the development of novel and revolutionary bimolecular machine components that can be assembled and form multi-degree-of freedom nano devices that will apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoworld, transfer information from the nano to the macro world, and travel in the nano environment. These machines are expected to be highly efficient, controllable, economical in mass production, and fully operational with minimal supervision. The emerging field of medical nanorobotics is aimed at overcoming these shortcomings. Molecular manufacturing can construct a range of medical instruments and devices with greater abilities. Ongoing developments in molecular fabrication, computation, sensors and motors will enable the manufacturing of nanobots. These are theoretical nanoscale biomolecular machine systems within a size range of 0.5 to 3 microns with 1-100 nm parts. Work in this area is still largely theoretical, and no artificial non biological nanobots have yet been built. These ultra miniature robotic systems and nano-mechanical devices will be the biomolecular electro-mechanical hardware of future biomedical applications.

The use of virtual reality for preparation and implementation of JET remote handling operations

The use of real time 3-D computer graphic models for preparation and support of remote handling operations on JET has been in use since the mid 1980s. A complete review has been undertaken of the functional requirements and benefits of VR for remote handling and a subsequent market survey of the present state-of-the-art of VR systems has resulted in the implementation of a new system for JET. The VR system is used in two discrete modes: in on-line mode the remote handling equipment Electro-mechanical hardware is connected to the VR system and provides input for the VR system to update a real time 3-D display of the equipment inside the torus. This mode supplements the video camera system and assists with camera control and warnings of impending or potential collisions. In Off-line mode the operator manipulates the VR system model with no connections to the remote handling equipment. This mode is used during preparation of RH operational strategies, checking of operational feasibility and operations procedures. Various VR systems were evaluated against a detailed technical specification that covered visualisation function and performance, user interface design and base model input/creation capabilities. The cheapest of those systems that satisfied the technical requirements was selected.

Millibot trains for enhanced mobility

The objective of this work is to enhance the mobility of small mobile robots by enabling them to link into a train configuration capable of crossing relatively large obstacles. In particular, we are building on Millibots, semiautonomous, tracked mobile sensing/communication platforms at the 5-cm scale previously developed at Carnegie Mellon University. The Millibot Train concept provides couplers that allow the Millibot modules to engage/disengage under computer control and joint actuators that allow lifting of one module by another and control of the whole train shape in two dimensions. A manually configurable train prototype demonstrated the ability to climb standard stairs and vertical steps nearly half the train length. A fully functional module with powered joints has been developed and several have been built and tested. Construction of a set of six modules is well underway and will allow testing of the complete train in the near future. This paper focuses on the development, design, and construction of the electromechanical hardware for the Millibot Train.

Haptics in virtual environments: Taxonomy, research status, and challenges

Haptic displays are emerging as effective interaction aids for improving the realism of virtual worlds. Being able to touch, feel, and manipulate objects in virtual environments has a large number of exciting applications. The underlying technology, both in terms of electromechanical hardware and computer software, is becoming mature and has opened up novel and interesting research areas. In this paper, we clarify the terminology of human and machine haptics and provide a brief overview of the progress recently achieved in these fields, based on our investigations as well as other studies. We describe the major advances in a new discipline, Computer Haptics (analogous to computer graphics), that is concerned with the techniques and processes associated with generating and displaying haptic stimuli to the human user. We also summarize the issues and some of our results in integrating haptics into multimodal and distributed virtual environments, and speculate on the challenges for the future.

Electrochemotherapy: transition from laboratory to the clinic

Although electroporation in the past has mainly been used as a research tool, recent work has demonstrated its potential for clinical applications. Some of the areas explored include electrochemotherapy (ECT), which utilizes electroporation as a means for delivering chemotherapeutic agents directly into tumor cells, encapsulation of drugs or genes into cells for their use as carrier systems, transdermal delivery of drugs or genes, gene therapy, and delivery of drugs or genes with an electroporation catheter. This article discusses the principles of ECT as a method of treating cancer, the requirements and development of electronic and electromechanical hardware for ECT, and it presents data for both in-vivo animal studies and clinical applications, especially for subcutaneous tumors. It is concluded that ECT has shown promise in treating a variety of cancers in humans. The basic principles are reasonably well understood. A good start has been made in the development of the necessary hardware to generate and apply the needed electric fields. As the human genome project progresses in identifying gene-based diseases and their possible cures, the same hardware system used for ECT can also be used for electrogene therapy. As ECT-based therapy becomes more widely recognized, it will offer an additional treatment modality and increased hope for cancer patients.