Electromagnetic Transformation Research Articles

Loss Analysis of the Electromagnetic Metamaterial Applied to Antenna Size Reductions

The research of transformation electromagnetics uses spatial coordinate transformation method to transform Maxwell’s equations for the propagations of electromagnetic waves in space, thereby achieving the goal of designing the path of electromagnetic waves, which eventually leads to a more complex tensor design of its constitutive parameters of metamaterials. This demand for artificial design of material parameters has been combined with the rapid development of micro-scale, molecular-scale, and atomic-scale experimental engineering techniques in recent years, enabling metamaterials to be developed, fabricated, and applied in various frontier fields. In this paper, the metamaterial electromagnetic wave concentrator used to reduce the antenna size is mainly discussed and detailed simulations and researches on the electromagnetic lossy conditions of the metamaterial parameters are given, which can better verify the electromagnetic scattering performance under actual engineering conditions. Solutions and quantitative simulations for the attenuation characteristics are also provided, which can deepen the research on the engineering performance of the metamaterial electromagnetic transformation devices.

Addendum — Inertia modified by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations

Addendum — Inertia modified by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations

Dark energy and dark matter as a kinematic-electromagnetic Abelian gauge effect

In this paper, we will discuss an alternative theory for the origin of dark matter and dark energy based on the new concept of tetrad gauge states of spacetime. The new tetrads already introduced new physics since it has been proved that local electromagnetic gauge transformations can boost the local tetrad fields in a four-dimensional curved Lorentz spacetime. It is within this context that we will present a different qualitative explanation for the so-called dark matter and dark energy and new possible topological solutions of a galactic nature for Einstein–Maxwell spacetimes in its relation to dark matter and new possible topological solutions of a cosmological nature for Einstein–Maxwell spacetimes in its relation to dark energy.

Метод приближенного вычисления интеграла Кирхгофа

The article proposes a method of approximate calculation of the wave field gradient by its distribution on the only one closed surface. This allows calculating the Kirchhoff's integral without additional calculations or measurements of the electromagnetic field and opens up the opportunity to use it in practice along with the field equivalence principle. The comparison of the Kirchhoff's integral calculation accuracy with its vector forms showed that the proposed approximation for the wave field derivative leads to additional methodological errors, which are equivalent to the stray signal at the level less then −40 dB. At the same time, the use of Kirchhoff's integral instead of a widespread field equivalence principle in the electromagnetic field transformation algorithms reduces their computing complexity to 20 times.

Observation about the Classical Electromagnetic Gauge Transformation and Its Quantum Correspondence

Observation about the Classical Electromagnetic Gauge Transformation and Its Quantum Correspondence

Regular black holes from analytic f(F^2)

We construct regular black holes and horizonless spacetimes that are geodesically complete and satisfy the dominant energy condition from Einstein-f(F^2) gravities with several classes of analytic f(F^2) functions that can be viewed as perturbations to Maxwell’s theory in weak field limit. We establish that regular black holes with special static metric (g_{tt} g_{rr}=-1) violate the strong energy condition and such a regular black hole with Minkowski core violates the null energy condition. We develop a formalism to perform electromagnetic duality transformations in f(F^2). We obtain two new explicit examples where the duality is a symmetry. We study the properties of the corresponding dyonic black holes. We study the geodesic motions of a particular class of solutions that we call horizonless or black hole repulsons.

Inertia modified by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations

This paper is about inertia modified by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations. We will establish an experiment proposal in order to control the gravitational acceleration constant near the surface of the planet. We will achieve this goal by establishing a change in electromagnetic gauge in a region of flat spacetime. The change in gauge will be generated by the Aharonov–Bohm effect through the use of a solenoid. The spacetime boosts outside the solenoid caused by the change in electromagnetic gauge will counteract the gravitational acceleration constant [Formula: see text] attenuating its local value as seen from the planet surface reference frames. Therefore, we will be able to establish local control of gravity on electrically charged particles like electrons in synchrotron motion outside the solenoid.

Quantum spinor reflections in Minkowski spacetime

We will study Dirac spinors under reflections. Since it has been discovered that local Abelian electromagnetic gauge transformations can generate a causality reflection through the sign of the norm of tetrad vectors, it has become relevant to study Dirac spinors under this particular kind of transformation. We will find suitable quantum operators for discrete reflections in Minkowski spacetime and present these results in two theorems.

Opportunities and Challenges in Power Management Systems for Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have tremendous potential for generating energy from ambient mechanical energy and human motion. It is impossible to use a TENG as a power source for an electronic system due to its high-voltage and low-current properties of generated signals. Also, the high impedance of the TENG cannot meet the low impedance requirement of electronic devices. TENG devices need efficient and secure power management solutions to overcome the issue. Recently, different power management techniques with matched impedance and regulated output power have been proposed to efficiently utilize a TENG as a power source. These power management techniques include direct current (dc) buck conversion, capacitive transformation, rectification, electromagnetic transformation, integrated circuit switch, voltage trigger switch, travel switch, and transistor switches. This paper reviews the recent advancements in power management for TENGs and not only carefully studies their importance in the electronic control of triboelectric power but also highlights their existing problems and potential developments in the field.

Recent research progress of carbon-based and their composites for electromagnetic waves absorption

With the rapid development of electromagnetic (EM) technology and the wide application of mobile electromagnetic equipment, electromagnetic radiation pollution is increasingly aggravated, electromagnetic pollution has become another pollution source after air, water, and noise pollution, so electromagnetic protection for civil and military is of great significance. As the functional medium of electromagnetic energy sustainable transformation, microwave absorption (MA) materials are widely used in electromagnetic pollution prevention and control. Carbon-based materials have the advantages of low density, light weight, good electrical conductivity, good physical and chemical stability, etc., which can be combined with magnetic loss type, dielectric loss type, and multi-component to improve the absorbing performance. According to the dimensions, carbon-based materials can be divided into zero-dimensional (carbon spheres), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene), and three-dimensional (porous carbon) carbon materials. This paper briefly introduces the mechanism of microwave absorption and its performance evaluation index. Then, the research status of carbon materials with different dimensions is introduced. Then the application and research progress of carbon matrix composites in electromagnetic waves (EMW) absorption are reviewed. Finally, the future development prospect of carbon-based absorbing materials has been prospected.

The Group Law for the New Internal-Spacetime Mapping between the Group of Internal Electromagnetic Gauge Transformations and the Groups LB1 and LB2 of Spacetime Tetrad Transformations

The Group Law for the New Internal-Spacetime Mapping between the Group of Internal Electromagnetic Gauge Transformations and the Groups LB1 and LB2 of Spacetime Tetrad Transformations

Virtual wave field characteristic extractions based on multi-window time-sweep wave field transformation

The extraction of multi-scale and multi-resolution wave field characteristics is the focus of transient electromagnetic wave field transformation. However, isuues have been encountered in deep electromagnetic detection and multi-window time-sweep wave field transformation has become an important method for resolving these problems. In this study, a multi-window time-sweep wave field transformation method was adopted to perform the wave field transformations of high and low-resistivity thin layer models with different buried depths, along with different-sized 3D models with various buried depths. By analyzing the wave field characteristics, it is proven that for geological bodies with different burial depths, there must be an optimal window which renders the wave field characteristics of the time-sweep wave field transformation most apparent. In this study,multiple windows of different sizes are used for time-sweep wave field transformations to analyze the wave field characteristics of geological bodies at different scales and depths. Finally, the results of time-sweep wave field transformations of each window are correlated and superimposed to realize multi-resolution characteristics extraction of wave field of multi-scale geological bodies.

Signature-Causality Reflection in An Imperfect Fluid with Vorticity Generated by Tetrad Abelian Gauge Transformations

We will address the possibility of a change in signature-causality in an imperfect fluid when we consider four-velocity gauge-like transformations in the case when the fluid has vorticity. An analogous tetrad formulation as to the Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes formalism introduced previously. The curl of the four-velocity and also the metric tensor will be invariant under the group of four-velocity gauge-like local transformations. The Einstein-Maxwell stress-energy tensor is invariant under local electromagnetic gauge transformations, similarly the imperfect fluid stress-energy tensor will also be invariant under the group of four-velocity gauge-like local transformations when we consider additional variable transformations in the stress-energy tensor. However, there is a relevant local causality scalar that undergoes a change in sign due to reflections under appropriate local Abelian tetrad gauge transformations. In this note we will study how to produce a signature-causality reflection in a region of spacetime bounded by a closed null surface using this same kind of transformations. This will be an important result since it is a physical result obtained through the use of a new local scalar quantity.

The Relativistic Electrodynamics of Classical Charged Particles

Maxwell’s equations and the Lorentz force equation form the foundation of classical electromagnetic theory and their discovery led to the development of special relativity. Despite this achievement, their universal compatibility with the conservation of momentum and relativistic energy transformations is still debated. Incorporating effects of hidden momentum with the Lorentz force equation or using the Einstein–Laub formula are two common approaches to address some of these concerns. Which method to use, or if a change to classical electromagnetism is even required, remains controversial. A new theoretical approach is presented in this paper to address this using relativistic electromagnetic energy inertial frame transformations. These transformations identify a situation where an apparent violation of conservation laws could occur and how to consolidate this with electromagnetic theory. An explanation regarding the elementary nature of magnetism and the relationship between inertia and electromagnetic energy is also commented on.

Topology, nonlocality and duality in classical electrodynamics

We have recently (Heras et al. in Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136:847, 2021) argued that classical electrodynamics can predict nonlocal effects by showing an example of a topological and nonlocal electromagnetic angular momentum. In this paper, we discuss the dual of this angular momentum which is also topological and nonlocal. We then unify both angular momenta by means of the electromagnetic angular momentum arising in the configuration formed by a dyon encircling an infinitely long dual solenoid enclosing uniform electric and magnetic fluxes and show that this electromagnetic angular momentum is topological because it depends on a winding number, is nonlocal because the electric and magnetic fields of this dual solenoid act on the dyon in regions for which these fields are excluded and is invariant under electromagnetic duality transformations. We explicitly verify that this duality-invariant electromagnetic angular momentum is insensitive to the radiative effects of the Liénard–Wiechert fields of the encircling dyon. We also show how duality symmetry of this angular momentum suggests different physical interpretations for the corresponding angular momenta that it unifies.

Solution of Fractional Partial Differential Equations Using Fractional Power Series Method

In this paper, we are presenting our work where the noninteger order partial differential equation is studied analytically and numerically using the noninteger power series technique, proposed to solve a noninteger differential equation. We are familiar with a coupled system of the nonlinear partial differential equation (NLPDE). Noninteger derivatives are considered in the Caputo operator. The fractional-order power series technique for finding the nonlinear fractional-order partial differential equation is found to be relatively simple in implementation with an application of the direct power series method. We obtained the solution of nonlinear dispersive equations which are used in electromagnetic and optics signal transformation. The proposed approach of using the noninteger power series technique appears to have a good chance of lowering the computational cost of solving such problems significantly. How to paradigm an initial representation plays an important role in the subsequent process, and a few examples are provided to clarify the initial solution collection.

Universal linear optics by programmable multimode interference.

We introduce a constructive algorithm for universal linear electromagnetic transformations between the N input and N output modes of a dielectric slab. The approach uses out-of-plane phase modulation programmed down to N2 degrees of freedom. The total area of these modulators equals that of the entire slab: our scheme makes optimal use of the available area for optical modulation. We also present error correction schemes that enable high-fidelity unitary transformations at large N. This "programmable multimode interferometer" (ProMMI) thus translates the algorithmic simplicity of Mach-Zehnder meshes into a holographically programmed slab, yielding DoF-limited compactness and error tolerance while eliminating the dominant sidewall-related optical losses and directional-coupler-related patterning challenges.

Dispersion relation for gauge-free electromagnetic drift kinetics

Recently, a new approach to gyrokinetics, invariant under electromagnetic gauge transformations, was developed. The gyrocenter equations of motion are now expressed in terms of the perturbed fields instead of the potentials, in a form suitable for numerical simulations and analytic studies. In this paper, we verify that the long-wavelength limit, i.e., the drift-kinetic limit of the new gyrokinetic theory, is in line with existing work, providing a solid foundation for simulations. We compute the dispersion relation of the new drift-kinetic theory in slab geometry and find agreement with a long-wavelength limit of the full Vlasov–Maxwell model.

Singular gauge transformations in geometrodynamics

The new tetrads introduced previously for non-null electromagnetic fields in Einstein–Maxwell spacetimes enable a direct link to the local electromagnetic gauge group of transformations. Due to the peculiar elements in the construction of these new tetrads, a direct connection can be established between the local group of electromagnetic gauge transformations and local groups of tetrad transformations on two different local and orthogonal planes of eigenvectors of the Einstein–Maxwell stress–energy tensor. These tetrad vectors are gauge dependent. It is an interesting and relevant problem to study if there are local gauge transformations that can map on the timelike-spacelike plane, the timelike and the spacelike vectors into the intersection of the local light cone and the plane itself. How many of these local gauge transformations exist and how the mathematics and the geometry of these particular transformations play out. These local gauge transformations would be singular and it is important to identify them.

Full spacetime inversion generated by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations

Full spacetime inversion generated by electromagnetic Abelian gauge transformations