Electromagnetic Optimization Research Articles

Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis and Thrust Fluctuation Optimization in Integrated Propulsion, Levitation, and Guidance Systems

Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis and Thrust Fluctuation Optimization in Integrated Propulsion, Levitation, and Guidance Systems

PID Controller Design for an E. coli Fed-Batch Fermentation Process System Using Chaotic Electromagnetic Field Optimization

This paper presents an optimal tuning of a proportional integral differential (PID) controller used to maintain glucose concentration at a desired set point. The PID controller synthesizes an appropriate feed rate profile for an E. coli fed-batch cultivation process. Mathematical models are developed based on dynamic mass balance equations for biomass, substrate, and product concentration of the E. coli BL21(DE3)pPhyt109 fed-batch cultivation for bacterial phytase extracellular production. For model parameter identification and PID tuning, a hybrid metaheuristic technique—chaotic electromagnetic field optimization (CEFO)—is proposed. In the hybridization, a chaotic map is used for the generation of a new electromagnetic particle instead of the electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) search strategy. The CEFO combines the exploitation capability of the EFO algorithm and the exploration power of ten different chaotic maps. The comparison of the results with classical EFO shows the superior behaviour of the designed CEFO. An improvement of 30% of the objective function is achieved by applying CEFO. Based on the obtained mathematical models, 10 PID controllers are tuned. The simulation experiments show that the designed controllers are robust, resulting in a good control system performance. The closed-loop transient responses for the corresponding controllers are similar to the estimated models. The settling time of the control system based on the third PID controller for all estimated models is approximately 9 min and the overshoot is approximately 15%. The proposed CEFO algorithm can be considered an effective methodology for mathematical modelling and achievement of high quality and better performance of the designed closed-loop system for cultivation processes.

Sidelobes and sideband minimization in time-modulated array antenna based on chaotic exchange nonlinear dandelion optimization algorithm

Time-modulated array antenna (TMAA) is a new type of array antenna based on time modulation technology. By introducing "time" as the fourth dimensional design freedom into the design of conventional array antennas in three-dimensional space, the array antenna has time modulation characteristics, which better controls the radiation characteristics of the array antenna and achieves the best far-field radiation pattern synthesis. This paper designs a Time-modulated linear array (TMLA) with low sidelobe level (SLL) and low sideband level (SBL) based on the chaotic exchange nonlinear dandelion optimization (CENDO) algorithm. Three optimization methods are studied: firstly, determining the optimal on-time (τnn) for each array element; The second is to determine the optimal on-time (τnn) and optimal uniform array element spacing (d) for each array element; The third is to determine the optimal opening time (ton), closing time (toff), and optimal uniform array element spacing (d) for each array element. To achieve simultaneous reduction of sidelobe level and suppression of harmonic interference. The same array model contains different harmonic frequency radiation. In this article, we only considered two harmonic frequencies, namely the first sideband frequency and the second sideband frequency. Because the harmonic of other sideband frequencies has a very small impact on the radiation of the fundamental wave, it can be ignored. To demonstrate the stronger ability of the CENDO algorithm in optimizing Time-modulated array antennas, and in line with the principle of fairness and impartiality, this paper also simulates different Time-modulated array models and compares the results of the CENDO algorithm with other published literature. It is concluded that this study shows lower SLL and lower SBL in different models. This provides a more scientific and accurate explanation of the superiority of the CENDO algorithm compared to other algorithms in the field of antenna optimization in electromagnetics. At the same time, this also provides great research value and fundamental support for designing high-performance Time-modulated array antennas in subsequent engineering applications.

RF electromagnetic design and field tuning study of the coupled ladder RFQ-IH DTL structure

The coupled ladder RFQ-IH DTL structure is designed for transportable accelerator-based neutron source to accelerate the proton beam to 2.5 MeV with a peak current of 15 mA. The Kombinierte Null Grad Struktur (KONUS) dynamics scheme is chosen in the IH-DTL section to obtain compact structure, high transmission efficiency and small emittance growth. Three KONUS periods, including two quadrupole doublets are housed in the IH-DTL section. The field distribution of coupled structure is studied and the evaluation of the coupled field is quantified. The optimization voltage ratio and electric flatness are carried out based on three-dimension full model. In addition, the structure error analysis is performed to evaluate the acceptance of different errors. The tuning system is designed to compensate the machining and alignment errors and the field tuning strategy is proposed for the coupled cavity. The RF electromagnetic design and optimization, structure error analysis and field tuning will be comprehensively presented in this paper.

Electromagnetic Optimization of a High-Speed Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Considering Rotor Stress

High-speed interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors require highly reliable rotors. Some measures must be adopted to improve rotor safety, but its electromagnetic performance is seriously affected. It is a challenge to achieve excellent electromagnetic characteristics while satisfying mechanical strength. This paper presents an electromagnetic optimization design of high-speed IPM motors considering rotor stress. Firstly, the permanent magnet (PM) is segmented by adding stiffeners to improve stress distribution. The effects of the bridge and stiffener thickness on the rotor stress and electromagnetic performance are analyzed. Secondly, an electromagnetic optimization model is built based on a three-segment PM rotor structure, aiming for maximum efficiency and minimum rotor core losses. Then, the initial design and optimized scheme are compared, the results show that the efficiency, safety and temperature performance of the motor are improved. Finally, a 140 kW, 18,000 rpm prototype is manufactured and tested. The above analysis provides a valuable reference for the design and widespread application of high-speed IPM motors.

Research on simulation accuracy of equivalent aggregate electromagnetic model optimization for large renewable energy stations

Abstract The traditional power grid is rapidly transforming into a new power system with high penetration of new energy. Simulation modeling plays an important role in supporting the cognition and research of the new power system. A high proportion of renewable energy is connected to the grid through power electronic components, which puts forward a higher demand for research on the accuracy and stability of power grid simulation modeling. Renewable energy plants usually have a large number of single units, and equivalent aggregation modeling is the usual way to simplify the modeling of renewable energy plants. However, the transmission line power multiplier equivalent module inevitably introduces series impedance into the network, resulting in errors between simulation and actual engineering. Therefore, the study of lossless multiplier elements based on Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA) can improve the simulation accuracy, and it is verified with the simulation results of detailed models in actual scenarios, proving that MNA lossless multiplier elements can optimize the accuracy and stability of equivalent aggregation modeling of large-scale multi-unit renewable energy stations.

Efficient Electromagnetic Compatibility Optimization Design Based on the Stochastic Collocation Method

Nowadays, in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), numerical methods such as finite element analysis are often used for simulation analysis. These numerical methods take a long time to solve some complex simulation problems, which is not conducive to the optimal design of EMC. In particular, the intelligent optimization algorithm that needs continuous iterative calculation will not be realized because of the long optimization time. This paper realizes the innovative application of the uncertainty analysis method (Stochastic Collocation Method) in EMC optimization design. Two typical EMC optimization design problems, namely, the prediction of cable crosstalk and the design of shielding performance of metal boxes, are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the optimization algorithm. Meanwhile, its performance is compared with the classical intelligent optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithms and immune algorithms.

An electromagnetic shape optimisation for perfectly electric conductors by the time-domain boundary integral equations

An electromagnetic shape optimisation for perfectly electric conductors by the time-domain boundary integral equations

Finite Element Analysis of Electromagnetic Forming Process and Optimization of Process Parameters Using RSM

Aluminium can benefit from the high-speed forming technique known as electromagnetic forming (EMF). EMF is increasingly used in automotive applications as a result of this capability. This technology depends on Lorentz force (Magnetic force) in the practical forming application which relies on different process parameters like forming a coil. A finite element model for the EMF process is built and studied in this work using the finite element analysis software ANSYS 2022 R1. The affecting process parameters are investigated using the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the DOE approach is used by taking process parameters such as coil size, gap, and current density into account. The number of experiments is reduced by using Central Composite Design (CCD), an RSM model. To determine the optimal level of parameters, a magnetic force optimization study is carried out. The parameters of the EMF process (e.g., magnetic force) are investigated through a developed 2D finite element model and validated with available literature.

Electromagnetic Design Optimization Integrated with Mechanical Stress Analysis of PM-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine Topologies Enabled with a Blend of Magnets

Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines (PMASynRM) provide a low-cost alternative to Surface PM Machines due to the use of relatively lower grades of rare-earth (RE) or RE-free magnets, as the performance degradation due to weaker magnets is compensated by the presence of reluctance torque. However, the weaker magnets suffer from a high risk of demagnetization, leading to unreliable motor operation. Using a blend of RE and RE-free magnets has the potential to overcome this issue. This paper proposes to blend different grades of various rare-earth (RE) and rare-earth-free (RE-free) magnets in six different combinations and utilizes them in two-layer and three-layer U-shaped PMASynRM topologies with both eight-pole and six-pole variations. The rotor of the various designs is then optimized using a differential evolution (DE) based optimization algorithm to obtain low-cost designs with reduced RE magnet volume and minimum demagnetization risk. The optimization of each design is also integrated with the evaluation of mechanical stresses in the rotor laminations so as to maintain the stresses below the material yield strength. Furthermore, the various performance metrics, such as toque–speed/power–speed characteristics, demagnetization, and efficiency maps, are evaluated for each of the optimized and mechanically feasible designs. A quantitative comparison of the various optimized designs is also obtained to highlight the various trade-offs. The results indicate the feasibility of meeting the baseline torque requirement across the entire speed range, even with a 100% reduction in RE magnet volume and less than 5% demagnetization risk, while achieving a cost reduction exceeding 50%. Moreover, the two-layer, eight-pole designs exhibit relatively higher performance, whereas the three-layer, eight-pole designs are found to be the most economical option.

Fast hybrid methods for modeling landslide susceptibility in Ardal County

Recently, machine learning models have received huge attention for environmental risk modeling. One of these applications is landslide susceptibility mapping which is a necessary primary step for dealing with the landslide risk in prone areas. In this study, a conventional machine learning model called multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network is built upon advanced optimization algorithms to achieve a firm prediction of landslide susceptibility in Ardal County, West of Iran. The used geospatial dataset consists of fourteen conditioning factors and 170 landslide events. The used optimizers are electromagnetic field optimization (EFO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), shuffled complex evolution (SCE), and electrostatic discharge algorithm (ESDA) that contribute to tuning MLP’s internal parameters. The competency of the models is evaluated using several statistical methods to provide a comparison among them. It was discovered that the EFO-MLP and SCE-MLP enjoy much quicker training than SOS-MLP and ESDA-MLP. Further, relying on both accuracy and time criteria, the EFO-MLP was found to be the most efficient model (time = 1161 s, AUC = 0.879, MSE = 0.153, and R = 0.657). Hence, the landslide susceptibility map of this model is recommended to be used by authorities to provide real-world protective measures within Ardal County. For helping this, a random forest-based model showed that Elevation, Lithology, and Land Use are the most important factors within the studied area. Lastly, the solution discovered in this study is converted into an equation for convenient landslide susceptibility prediction.

Improving the prediction of energy performance of building using electromagnetic field optimization algorithm

Abstract Considering the significance of proper energy performance analysis of buildings, many recent studies have presented potential applications of machine learning models for predicting buildings’ thermal loads. Some of these models have been built upon optimization algorithms in order to enhance their prediction accuracy. However, due to the importance of time in engineering calculations, the long optimization time of the hybrid models has remained a problem. In this study, a quick optimization algorithm called electromagnetic field optimization (EFO) is presented to deal with this issue. The EFO is combined with a feed-forward artificial neural network (FFANN) to predict the annual thermal energy demand (EDAT) of a residential building based on the building’s characteristics and architecture. A well-known dataset consisting of 11 inputs is used to train and test the proposed model. Additionally, nine conventional FFANNs and several hybrid machine learning are considered benchmark models to evaluate the performance of the EFO-FFANN. According to the results, the calculated mean absolute percentage errors of the EFO-FFANN in the training and testing phases were 2.06% and 1.81%, respectively. The EFO algorithm could improve the prediction accuracy of the conventional FFANNs by around 38%. Hence, the proposed model and its simplified formula can of interest to both civil and energy engineers to do informed decision-making and optimize building energy performance in real-world projects.

Electromagnetic optimization of piezoelectric ceramic and its application in mechanical antenna

AbstractMechanical antennas have garnered considerable attention due to their ability to address the challenges posed by the significant size and high energy consumption associated with traditional electric antennas when operating at low frequencies. Here, a compact and structurally stable mechanical antenna design is presented. The proposed antenna is constructed using cylindrical piezoelectric ceramics, which have dimensions smaller than 1/1000 of the wavelength. The scrutiny of the influence exerted by the antenna feed area and material thickness on the radiation performance was undertaken, followed by an exhaustive discourse on these effects. Experimental measurements demonstrate the practical functionalities of signal coding, transmission, and reception in the low‐frequency communication system. Notably, at a frequency of 288 kHz, a single proposed antenna achieves an effective information transmission distance of 60 m using binary information coding. This remarkable outcome underscores the potential of this design in facilitating the development of portable and cost‐effective wireless communication equipment for low‐frequency applications.

TopIE: An Integral Equation Tool for Topology Optimization in Electromagnetics

TopIE: An Integral Equation Tool for Topology Optimization in Electromagnetics

Electromagnetic design, sensitivity analysis, optimization and Multiphysics capability of rare-earth-free synchronous reluctance motor for electric trike vehicle

<p>As a part of last-mile transportation, electric three-wheelers, popularly known as trikes, are considered as an important aspect of the future of the auto industry. The appropriate choice of electric traction motor drive is imperative to the design of an electric motor power train. In this paper, six main types of sinusoidal-fed electric motor power trains—Ferrite-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (FASRM), Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SyncRelM), Ferrite-based Spoke motor, Ferrite-based Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM), Wound-Field Synchronous Motor (WFSM), and Induction Motor (IM)—are compared for their performance in electric trike applications. The permanent magnet machines presented here utilize ferrite magnets, in line with the recent trend of not using rare-earth magnets. The comprehensive comparative analysis establishes that SyncRelM, FASRM, and Spoke motors are superior in terms of overall electromagnetic, thermal, and vibration performance. This paper also focuses on an optimal design of the FASRM due to its high torque density, lower torque ripple, and minimal use of ferrite magnets. A Design of Experiments (DoE)-based statistical analysis tool is used to identify the key parameters needed for robust motor performance in the optimization step. Furthermore, an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)-based interpolation technique is employed for estimating the performance parameters during each step of the optimization routine. A 1.2 kW FASR motor prototype is developed and tested. A comparison of Finite-Element-Analysis-based modeling results is presented along with Indian drive-cycle results for the FASRM for trike application.</p>

The 2023 IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization [Conference Report

The 2023 IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization [Conference Report

Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Reverse Salient PMSM for Wide Speed Range

Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Reverse Salient PMSM for Wide Speed Range

A Hybrid Electromagnetic Optimization Method Based on Physics-Informed Machine Learning

A Hybrid Electromagnetic Optimization Method Based on Physics-Informed Machine Learning

Sampling Strategy Selection for EMC Simulation Surrogate Model in Uncertainty Analysis and Electromagnetic Optimization Design

Sampling Strategy Selection for EMC Simulation Surrogate Model in Uncertainty Analysis and Electromagnetic Optimization Design

Space Electromagnetic Optimization of Three-Coil WPT for Online Monitoring Equipment of High-Voltage Transmission Lines

Space Electromagnetic Optimization of Three-Coil WPT for Online Monitoring Equipment of High-Voltage Transmission Lines