Electromagnetic Lock Research Articles

Facial Recognition Based Automated Door

To ensure the accuracy and efficiency of intruder identification, the proposed method is combined with Haar clssifier technology for face detection. When someone comes to the door, the Pi camera captures the image and starts the face detection process. In this research, we implement a facial recognition component to capture human images, comparing them with stored data in a database. Upon a match with an authorized individual, the system unlocks the door through an electromagnetic lock. The demand for a rapid and accurate face recognition system persists, continuously evolving to swiftly identify intruders and restrict unauthorized access to highly secure areas, thereby reducing human error. Facial recognition stands as a crucial component within secure systems, surpassing biometric pattern recognition methods, and finds widespread application across various domains.

Design and Experiments of a Two-Stage Fuzzy Controller for the Off-Center Steer-by-Wire System of an Agricultural Mobile Robot

This paper focuses on the steering motion control of an in-wheel motor-drive robot. The influence of the pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle on steering motion and the steering control method have not yet been proved. Thus, this study aimed to design a steering controller for the off-center steer-by-wire system of a robot. The influence of the PWM duty cycle on the steering motion under different conditions is firstly tested on a test bench. Based on the optimal duty cycles of different cases found in the test, a two-stage fuzzy controller of the duty cycle is designed for the steering system. The first stage of the controller is used to dynamically adjust the PWM duty cycle of the electromagnetic friction lock (EFL). The second stage is designed to realize the self-tuning of the fuzzy controller’s quantization factor and the scale factor. Through two-stage control, the motion of the in-wheel motor and the EFL can be coordinated to realize stable and rapid steering. Considering the robots’ primary application in field roads at present, road tests were ultimately conducted to verify the proposed method. The test results show that the angle response rate of the steering arm is elevated with the increase in the steering angle signal. The proposed controller can sensitively track the target angles with smaller overshoot, yaw rate and lateral acceleration, and better steering accuracy than the PID (proportional–integral–differential) controller under different working conditions.

Design of Self-floating Device For Spherical Aircraft Based on Miniature Electromagnetic Lock

Aiming at the phenomenon that the aircraft is easy to fall into the sea due to adverse environmental factors such as strong wind and collision, which makes it difficult to recycle, a self-floating device based on miniature electromagnetic lock is proposed in this paper. The core circuit of the device takes 51 Single-Chip Microcomputer as the control core and Bluetooth module as the auxiliary control unit. The electromagnetic lock control system is designed and developed, and through the control of the electromagnetic lock on and off to pop corrugated folding airbag and reflector. Finally, the airbag is inflated to float the aircraft on the sea surface, and the reflective effect of the reflector makes the aircraft easy to find and recycle. The device is safe and reliable, easy to implement and low cost.

Design of Self-floating Device For Spherical Aircraft Based on Miniature Electromagnetic Lock

Aiming at the phenomenon that the aircraft is easy to fall into the sea due to adverse environmental factors such as strong wind and collision, which makes it difficult to recycle, a self-floating device based on miniature electromagnetic lock is proposed in this paper. The core circuit of the device takes 51 Single-Chip Microcomputer as the control core and Bluetooth module as the auxiliary control unit. The electromagnetic lock control system is designed and developed, and through the control of the electromagnetic lock on and off to pop corrugated folding airbag and reflector. Finally, the airbag is inflated to float the aircraft on the sea surface, and the reflective effect of the reflector makes the aircraft easy to find and recycle. The device is safe and reliable, easy to implement and low cost.

Biometric Access Control Using Voice and Fingerprint

In security-related systems, such as access control systems, authentication is extremely important. There are several ways to carry out this crucial activity, but biometrics is currently attracting more attention. After realizing the usefulness of biometrics, security systems use them for one of two fundamental functions: user identification or user verification. Multiple biometrics exist, and various access control systems require various biometrics. As a result of their impossibility to be lost, stolen, or forgotten, biometrics have been deemed the most secure and practical authentication method. Therefore, the design and development of the voice and fingerprint-based magic access control system. This research explores the idea of increasing access control door security by replacing a door key with a trustworthy electromagnetic door lock system that allows only authorized people to access a location using voice recognition or a fingerprint device. The voice sensor and fingerprint sensor were able to scan the user’s voice or fingerprint to open a prototype door when a valid user try to access the door. The motor closes the door after a preset 5 seconds delay.

An Rfid-Based Access Control System Using Electromagnetic Door Lock and an Intruder Alert System

Aims: The study was conducted to develop a basic security system that integrates Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), an electromagnetic lock, and a GSM Module to produce a lowcost and effective access control system. This work uses the possibility of improving access control door security by replacing a door key with a dependable electromagnetic door lock system for only authorized persons utilizing RFID and a mobile call intruder warning system.
 Methodology: The system is controlled by an ATMEGA328 microcontroller, which instructs the RFID reader to check and verify the users' unique identity tags before unlocking the electromagnetic lock to grant access or alert the administrators through the GSM module if an invalid tag is used. The microcontroller which also controls a liquid crystal display was programmed using Arduino C language; the data of identification tags were stored in its database. The RFIDbased access control with electromagnetic lock and intruder alert consists of three main parts – the INPUT (RFID), CONTROL (ATMega 328), and OUTPUT (Electromagnetic lock, LCD, Buzzer, and GSM Module). The RFID reader was able to scan tags and open a prototype door when a valid tag is used. The motor closes the door after a preset 5 seconds delay.
 Conclusion: When compared to well-known techniques in the literature, the developed RFID Access control system outperforms them in terms of accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The door locking system works in real-time because when the user places the tag in contact with the reader, the door opens and the check-in information, together with the user's basic information, is recorded in the central server.

RTC BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID AND OTP BASED EXAM PAPER LEAKAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM

In this article, the test is the main focus of the educational system. The test's main objective is to find suitable candidates for different positions. There are yearly reports of papers being leaked, leading to the cancellation or postponement of exams. To provide a compact and portable solution, we consequently made the decision to design and install an incredibly safe test paper leakage protection system based on Arduino. In addition, a GSM modem, RFID module, keypad, and electromagnetic lock are used in this system. The university first sends the exam paper to the college in an electronic sealed box called an Electronic Control Box.The Electronic Control Box was created using the Arduino processor, which has an integrated RTC system for device monitoring. If someone tries to open the box before or after the RFID swipe time period, the system alerts the university administration via a GSM SMS (Short Message Service) stating that "some malfunctioning has taken place with the Electronic Control Box". If the passwords don't match, the person with access will get a notification on his phone. A single buzzer sound will indicate that the password entered is wrong. We can therefore conclude that the exam papers have been tampered with.

An Electromagnetic Lock Actuated by a Mobile Phone Equipped with a Self-Made Laser Pointer

The main purpose of this study was to create an acousto-optic control lock device to convert electrical signals with a specific sound command using an acousto-optic conversion module, thereby improving the reliability and safety of opening or closing remote controlled door locks, such as car central locks or rolling doors. We used music playing through a smart phone speaker to create a special laser pointer to connect with the smart phone‘s auxiliary input. The laser pointer (wavelength of 630–650 nm and maximum output of 5 mw) lights up when the smart phone’s music starts playing at a music frequency matching the light frequency. When the solar panel receives light, it converts the frequency of the light signal into an electrical frequency signal. The current is amplified using the power amplifier and then the amplified current flows to the sound recognition module. The sound recognition module performs audio comparison on the set sound signal, and once the comparison is correct, the output voltage activates the electromagnetic switch on the door to open or close it.

Face Recognition Door Unlock System

Face recognition system is widely used for human identification particularly for security functions. The project deals with the look and implementation of secure automatic door unlockby using Raspberry Pi. Web camera for capturing the images from the video frame is operated and controlled by raspberry pi using Open CVPython library to train and store human faces for recognition. In this project we are using Raspberry Pi as face recognition module to capture human images and it will compare with stored data base images. If it matches with authorized user then system allows to supply power to electromagnetic lock to create magnetic field for unlocking the door. The need for facial recognition system that is fast and accurate is continuously increasing which can detect intruders and restricts all unauthorized users from highly secured areas and aids in minimizing human error. Face recognition is one of the most Secured System than the biometric pattern recognition technique which is used in a large spectrum of applications.The time and accuracy factor is considered about the major problem which specifies the performance of automatic face recognition in real time environments. Various solutions have been proposed using multicore systems. By considering present challenge, this provides the complete architectural design and proposes an analysis for a real time face recognition. Thus, the image extracted and allowed to match with the database pictures. If the images are matched, the door unlocks mechanically. the planning of the face recognition system exploitation Raspberry pi will create the smaller, lighter and with lower power consumption, therefore it's a lot of convenient than the PC-based face recognition system. Principle element analysis LBPH (Local Binary Pattern Histogram) algorithmic program is employed for the face recognition and detection method. Then acknowledgement are send through Zigbee module from transmitter to receiver. If image isn't detected in database then it'll ask for manual four digit pin for unlocking the door.The developed theme is affordable, fast, and extremely reliable and provides enough flexibility to suits any environment of various systems. Problem Statement:In theworld of emerging technology, security became an essential component in day to day life. Information theft, lack of security and violation of privacy etc. are the essential components which are needed to be protected. Using smart secure systems for door lock and unlocking became popular nowadays. This is system is being adapted by many countries and first grade countries such as USA, Japan etc., already makes use of this system. This system provides either a facial recognition security feature or a keypad is provided to enter the passcode which unlocks the door. Although, it provides security to the doors, it also has somelimitations and drawbacks: Firstly, if the system mainly uses a facial recognition module, there might be a slight chance that sometimes the face may not be detected and hence the door cannot be unlocked. Secondly, if the system uses a

Fuzzy Control for Off-center Steering System of a Novel Electric Chassis Based on PWM Technology

A flexible chassis (FC) for an electric vehicle with four in-wheel drive motors is described in this paper. It has a unique structure with an off-center steering shaft. The driving system and steering system are combined, which has considerable advantages in terms of actuation flexibility for the confined spaces. However, there is no rigid constraint for steering, and it is difficult to coordinate the motions of electromagnetic steering lock (ESL) and the wheel. To solve this problem, a pulse-width modulation (PWM) technology is introduced to control the ESL. With the control of PWM signal, the chassis can achieve stepwise driving and steering. Then, fuzzy logic is introduced to control PWM signal of the ESL so that it can match the steering motion of the wheels. To validate the system, steering signal step input tests and sinusoidal input tests were conducted on a self-made test bench. The results demonstrate that, the off-center steering system is with good steering performance, and the linkage and tracking errors of the left and right wheel are all in an acceptable range. The proposed control strategies are feasible and effective, and can ensure smooth turning for the chassis.

A Study on Security Issues in the Internet of Things (IoT)

Remote correspondence systems are exceedingly inclined to security dangers. The actual uses of remote correspondence systems come in military, business, medicinal services, retail, furthermore, transportations. These frameworks utilize wired, cell, or adhoc systems. Our methodology depends upon vitality mindful types of the IoT application's plan in the BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) segment system. This takes into account a nitty gritty formal portrayal of the framework's conduct and its resulting approval, consequently giving input to improvements in the pre-arrangement or pre-creation stages. The structure and advancement of a property security framework, in light of human movement identification and remotely checking innovation, to affirm guest personality and to manage Door openness has been accounted for in this paper. This paper portrays in regards to the execution and sending of remote control framework and openness directly into a property situation for confirmed individuals because it were. A PIR movement sensor and Camera module are utilized to identify movement and catch pictures separately are dedicatedly make the security framework alive as per the solicitation. Electromagnetic entryway lock module work the entryway openness, has been structured and created.

RFID Based Security for Exam Paper Leakage System

The examination may be the heart of the education framework. The principal reason for the examination will be to select the proficient applicants for several positions. Every year we get the news regarding postponed/canceled exam because of paper leakages. So we need come up with manageable and compact result and decided to design and execute an “examination paper leakage security framework “that will be a much-protected framework depend on “ARM processor”. Together with “the GSM modem, keypad, electromagnetic lock, and RFID module “would be utilized in this framework. First, the university will send the exam paper to the college in “an electronic sealed box”that is termed as “Electronic Control Box”. The “Electronic Control Box “will be an embedded framework, which might have been proposed utilizing “ARM processor” that has inbuilt RTC to display “the Electronic Control Box”. Whether anybody tries to open that box previous and afterward the time duration of the RFID swipe, the framework communicates to the university powers by sending “and SMS (Short Message Service)” through the GSM, which several malfunctioning has taken place with “the Electronic Control Box". For instance, whether the secret key doesn’t match then the client who has access to get the message on his telephone. If we enter the invalid secret ID then the ringer will be ON. Therefore we might effectively recognize that the question papers have been leaked.This paper defines the electronic security for the leakage of question paper that will be an exceptionally protected framework. The examination will be the heart of “the education framework”. We have recommended an electronic framework to identify and avoid the leakage of exam papers. In this proposed system, the exam papers that are in “the electronically locked box” will be sent to the examination centers. The box will be unlocked after a predefined time, date and only by a certified client. Essentially the exam papers will be existing in the sub-boxes. Secret ID secures these boxes; the exam manager will send an SMS with the password to open the specific sub-boxes. The electromagnetic lock is used to unlock the box, when the time, date, and password match. In this framework, we are utilizing a ringer for any unapproved interference.

Diagnostic analysis and protective measures of transient ground potential rise in a 1000 kv UHV substation

With the continuous expansion of power grid capacity and growth of voltage levels, the transient ground potential rise (GPR) caused by the switchgear operation has become great threaten to the safety of the grid. In the startup operation of 500 kV part of Taizhou 1000 kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) substation, the electromagnetic lock installed in the switchgear filed was broken by the GPR in case of switchgear operation. There are two possible transmission paths of the GPR, one is the ground copper bar connecting the ground and the other is the control cable connecting the control cabinet and electromagnetic lock. In order to find out the transmission path of the electromagnetic disturbance, the experiment is carried out to distinguish the two possible paths. The waveform of the GPR in case of switchgear operation from different measuring points are recorded and compared, the results are analysed by comparing the signal characteristics and the transmission path is eventually diagnosed. Finally, the protective measures are proposed by wrapping the control wires with the conductive metal cube to reduce the influences of GPR. The outcomes in the study provide beneficial methods to analyse the GPR disturbance and positive guidance for the protection of locally installed equipment.

Design and test of flexible chassis automatic tracking steering system

In order to develop an innovative omnidirectional non-homonymic flexible chassis (FC), the four-wheel steering control method of FC was designed by a new concept called off-centered steering (OCS) and the automatic tracking steering system was analyzed. Novelty of this wheel concept lies in the non-conventional positioning of the steering axis and wheel axis. Additionally, the steering axis of steerable wheel was motorized with an on/off electrometrical brake to overcome a hyper-motorization issue inherent to the wheel’s geometrical properties and hold the steering position. Based on the off-centered steering characteristics of FC, the Wheatstone bridge was applied in the steering control system. The bridge resistances are used to track target steering angles and the actual steering angle, respectively. The output voltage of the bridge is exploited to adjust the wheel’s speed so that steering and automatic tracking could be achieved. Experiments at different speeds, loadings, and target steering angles were conducted. Results showed that the chassis can indeed be controlled independently and its steering range is from –90° to 90°, which indicated the automatic tracking steering system was effective. The electromagnetic lock (EL) can significantly improve the stability of the chassis and reduce the vibration. Loading has no significant effect on the accuracy of the steering angle and the time it takes to complete steering tasks. The time taken to complete a forward steering task showed a linear relationship with the required angles, but was independent of rotation speed; for backward steering, time was related to both target angles and rotation speed. The results presented in this research may provide a reference for the steering control strategies of the four-wheel individual drive and four-wheel (4WID/4WIS) vehicle in the future. Keywords: electric vehicles, flexible chassis, four-wheel steering, automatic tracking, control system DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171005.2525 Citation: Song S J, Li Y N, Qu J W, Zhou W, Guo K Q. Design and test of flexible chassis automatic tracking steering system. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(5): 45–54.

Design and test of flexible chassis automatic tracking steering system

In order to develop an innovative omnidirectional non-homonymic flexible chassis (FC), the four-wheel steering control method of FC was designed by a new concept called off-centered steering (OCS) and the automatic tracking steering system was analyzed. Novelty of this wheel concept lies in the non-conventional positioning of the steering axis and wheel axis. Additionally, the steering axis of steerable wheel was motorized with an on/off electrometrical brake to overcome a hyper-motorization issue inherent to the wheel’s geometrical properties and hold the steering position. Based on the off-centered steering characteristics of FC, the Wheatstone bridge was applied in the steering control system. The bridge resistances are used to track target steering angles and the actual steering angle, respectively. The output voltage of the bridge is exploited to adjust the wheel’s speed so that steering and automatic tracking could be achieved. Experiments at different speeds, loadings, and target steering angles were conducted. Results showed that the chassis can indeed be controlled independently and its steering range is from –90° to 90°, which indicated the automatic tracking steering system was effective. The electromagnetic lock (EL) can significantly improve the stability of the chassis and reduce the vibration. Loading has no significant effect on the accuracy of the steering angle and the time it takes to complete steering tasks. The time taken to complete a forward steering task showed a linear relationship with the required angles, but was independent of rotation speed; for backward steering, time was related to both target angles and rotation speed. The results presented in this research may provide a reference for the steering control strategies of the four-wheel individual drive and four-wheel (4WID/4WIS) vehicle in the future. Keywords: electric vehicles, flexible chassis, four-wheel steering, automatic tracking, control system DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171005.2525 Citation: Song S J, Li Y N, Qu J W, Zhou W, Guo K Q. Design and test of flexible chassis automatic tracking steering system. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(5): 45–54.

Design of Face Recognition based Embedded Home Security System

Home security has become the prime concern for everyone in present scenario. In this work an attempt has been made to develop a home security system which is accessible, affordable and yet effective.The proposed system is based on ‘Remote Embedded Control System’ (RECS) which works both on the web and gsm platform for authentication and monitoring. This system is therefore cost effective as it relies on existing network infrastructure. As PCA is most popular and efficient algorithm for face recognition, it has been usedin this work. Next to it an interface has been developed for communication purpose in the embedded security system through the ZigBee module. Based on this embedded system, automated control of door movement has been implemented through electromagnetic door lock technology. This helps the users to monitor the real-time activities through web services/SMS. The web service consists of either web browser command or e-mail provision. The system establishes the communication between the system and authenticated user. The e-mail received by the system from the authorized person will monitor and control the real-time operation and door lock. The entire control system is reinforced using ARM1176JZF-S microcontroller and tested for actual use in the home environment. The result shows the experimental verification of the proposed system.

IBI-Mobile Authentication: A Prototype to Facilitate Access Control Using Identity-Based Identification on Mobile Smart Devices

In large organizations, handling personnel authorization for access to various sites within the building has always proved to be a challenge for security departments. In this work, we develop a prototype that utilizes an identity-based identification scheme to provide access control for incoming and outgoing personnel from the building, as well as their activities within. Our prototype is built using open-source web technology as well as mobile app support for personal smart phones. The novelty lies in the application of an identity-based identification scheme as a crucial component to ensure that no third party malicious observers, or even observers disguised as honest users trying to break the system, will be able to learn anything about the authentication processes of other users. We also reveal the running time for our various mobile applications for both the registration and identification process and show that they are competitive to that of previous work done in identity-based identification simulation experiments in the past. Lastly, as proof of concept, we demonstrate our prototype with a Nuvton electromagnetic door lock that communicates with the verification process on the server.

A self-sensing approach to the energy-saving operation of electromagnetic locking devices

This paper reports an energy-efficient operation of electromagnetic (EM) locking devices using the inductive self-sensing technique, i.e. employing the existing actuation coil as a sensing medium. EM locking devices such as EM locks and locking solenoids have been increasingly used as new security devices in industrial and commercial buildings due to their fully electronic operation. One of the drawbacks of such EM devices is that a significant amount of energy is often wasted through their continual use, especially in applications where the maximum holding power is seldom needed. The main idea of this paper is to operate an EM locking device in such a way that its full power is supplied only when needed. More specifically, we propose running the existing coil as an inductive sensor using significantly less power during normal operation. Any imminent attempt to disengage an EM lock can be instantly detected by the self-sensing coil and its full locking power can then be engaged to prevent it from unlocking. This paper presents a detailed electromagnetic analysis for the self-sensing functionality of the existing EM lock. Besides, a stochastic detection method called the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) has been implemented to improve the energy-saving operation of the EM device. Proposed strategies are experimentally verified using a commercial EM lock, which demonstrated that more than 75% of the original power can be saved by the proposed method while keeping the same locking performance.

An Endocavity Rectal Irradiation Technique: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics Dec. 1987, Vol. 13, pp. 1937–1941

An alternative to standard short target-skin distance (TSD) rectal irradiation techniques is presented. The proctoscopic rectal cone is linked outside of the patient to a superficial X ray tube operated at 50 kVp and 25 mA. The cone is rigidly held in place by a hydraulic clamp and linked to the X ray tube with an electromagnetic lock. The X ray beam is filtered by 0.3 mm of aluminum, giving a half-value-layer of 0.27 mm of aluminum and an exposure rate of 720 R/min. (0.186 C/kg-min.) at the treatment TSD of 22 cm. The physical aspects of the technique are described in detail.

An endocavitary rectal irradiation technique

An alternative to standard short target-skin distance (TSD) rectal irradiation techniques is presented. The proctoscopic rectal cone is linked outside of the patient to a superficial X ray tube operated at 50 kVp and 25 mA. The cone is rigidly held in place by a hydraulic clamp and linked to the X ray tube with an electromagnetic lock. The X ray beam is filtered by 0.3 mm of aluminum, giving a half-value-layer of 0.27 mm of aluminum and an exposure rate of 720 R/min. (0.186 C/kg-min.) at the treatment TSD of 22 cm. The physical aspects of the technique are described in detail.