Electromagnetic Induction Array Research Articles

This paper considers a technique to deal with the problem of detecting and localizing objects in the data processing of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing. The technique is formulated using the concept of source power, which in our case is defined as the averaged sum of squared elements of a dipolar polarizabiltiy tensor over a measured time window for a transient electromagnetic (TEM) system. Under the valid dipole approximation to an EMI target, the source is point-like and therefore should occupy a small volume in space. This is the fundamental basis of the energy focusing technique for localizing a source. To achieve a focusing effect on a specified source, a focusing operator is constructed by minimizing the total output power subject to a unity response constraint for that assumed source. A closed-form expression is derived for source power as a function of a source location and can be used blindly without knowledge of the number of objects. The source power is related to data via a data covariance matrix, which in practice is computed with enough data samples. The experiments were conducted with the simulated and real data collected by a standard Geonics EM-63 system. The results, which we regard as a proof-of-concept, show that the focusing technique, under adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is able to accurately localize sources and is promising in EMI array processing.