Electrode Materials For Energy Storage Research Articles

Synergetic effect driven LaMnO3@NiO composite based high energy semi-solid supercapacitor

Perovskite materials have gained substantial attention in last two decades as electrode materials for energy storage devices due to low cost, good electrochemical stability, mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, long-term stability, and environmentally friendly. We demonstrate the hybridization of lanthanum manganite (LaMnO3) and Nickel oxide (NiO) composite electrodes for supercapacitor application prepared via sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, surface area, and elemental analysis has been done by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The structural, and morphological analysis confirmed the composite formation. The electrochemical properties have been examined by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance analysis. The resulting LaMnO3/NiO composite material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance compared to the individual components. The composite exhibits a specific capacitance of up to 170 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, which is higher than that of individual LaMnO3 or NiO materials. The composite also demonstrates desirable cycling stability, with a capacity retention of 76 % after 5000 cycles. These results advocate that the LaMnO3/NiO composite is a promising material for high-energy supercapacitor applications. Further performance of the nano-composite was evaluated by LED testing. Three symmetric SCs of the composite linked in series were able to glow a green, red, blue LED for about 1 min and a panel of 26 red LED was illuminated for about 12 min. These findings suggested that the obtained composite material is an exceptional electrode with huge potential for potential for supercapacitor application.

Synthesis of urchin-like MnCo2O4 nanospheres as electrode material for supercapacitors

The morphology of MnCo2O4 has a significant effect on the electrochemical performance. In this paper, urchin-like MnCo2O4 nanospheres was successfully fabricated by a simple hydrothermal process and post-annealing treatment. The effects of addition of surfactant (Hexadecy ltrimethyl ammonium bromide) on the crystal structure, surface morphology and electrochemical performance of MnCo2O4 have been investigated. The results show that all the synthesized manganese cobalt oxides are composed of cubic spinel MnCo2O4. The addition of surfactant leads to the change of the morphology of MnCo2O4 from nanoarray to urchin-like nanospheres and increases the specific surface area, which is beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the MnCo2O4 electrode. The electrochemical test reveals that the urchin-like MnCo2O4 nanospheres delivered a high specific capacity of 2019 F/g at a 1 A/g and 1144 F/g at 5 A/g, respectively. The specific capacity of MnCo2O4 electrode reaches 512 F/g at 10 A/g and retains 96 % of the initial capacity after 2000 cycles at 10 A/g, which maintains an extraordinary cycling performance. In addition, an asymmetric supercapacitor (MnCo2O4//AC) with urchin-like MnCo2O4 nanospheres as a cathode and activated carbon (AC) as an anode was also assembled. Impressively, the assembled MnCo2O4//AC asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density of 69 Wh/kg at a power density of 793 W/kg. The above research shows that the urchin-like MnCo2O4 nanospheres synthesized by adding surfactants are expected to be excellent high-performance energy storage electrode materials, which provides a new strategy for the synthesis of high-capacity nanoelectrode materials.

Incorporating MXene with Redox Carriers on Capacitive Carbon Cloth-Based Freestanding Electrodes for Power Applications

Abstract Battery-like organic materials including quinone-based electrodes with electrochemical activity have been extensively investigated for their use as electrode materials in energy storage devices due to their economic competitiveness and sustainable benefits. However, the intrinsic electrical insulating nature of organic quinones and their electrochemical reactivity limit power capability and stability upon charge/discharge cycling, respectively. Here, we report the preparation of a concentric layered architecture, MXene/Anthraquinone/Carbon Cloth (M/AQ/CC), by physisorption of anthraquinone onto the surface of carbon cloth via non-covalent π–π interactions, followed by dipping in exfoliated MXene suspension. The M/AQ/CC electrode, with a high mass loading (18.2 mg cm-2), delivered a capacity of 46 mAh g-1 (about 1 mAh cm-2 areal capacity or 6 mAh mL-1 volume) at 0.5 A g-1, with good rate performance and an enhanced cyclability over 5k cycles. This simple preparation method can also be applied to incorporate MXene with a series of alternative organic redox carriers on freestanding carbon cloth, including thionin acetate and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate. The improvement in electrochemical performance highlights an efficient approach to store more charges via redox reactions from organic quinones pi-stacked at carbon surfaces, thanks to a protective MXene shield that stabilizes the Faradaic behavior of quinones over repetitive charge-discharge processes. The simplicity and versatility of this method should enable design of many advanced electrode materials based on MXene/quinones/carbon cloth for power devices

Facile and ecofriendly green synthesis of Co3O4/MgO-SiO2 composites towards efficient asymmetric supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction applications.

The development of low-cost, eco-friendly, and earth-friendly electrode materials for energy storage and conversion applications is a highly desirable but challenging task for strengthening the existing renewable energy systems. As part of this study, orange peel extract was utilized to synthesize a magnesium oxide-silicon dioxide hybrid substrate system (MgO-SiO2) for coating cobalt oxide nanostructures (Co3O4) via hydrothermal methods. A variety of MgO-SiO2 compositions were used to produce Co3O4 nanostructures. The purpose of using MgO-SiO2 substrates was to increase the porosity of the final hybrid material and enhance its compatibility with the electrode material. This study investigated the morphology, chemical composition, optical properties, and functional group properties. In hybrid materials, the shape structure is inherited from nanoparticles with uniform size distributions that are well compacted. A relative decrease in the optical band was observed for Co3O4 when deposited onto an MgO-SiO2 substrate. An improvement in the electrochemical properties of Co3O4/MgO-SiO2 composites was observed during the measurements of supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. The Co3O4/MgO-SiO2 composite prepared on 0.4 g of the MgO-SiO2 substrate (sample 2) demonstrated excellent specific capacitance, high energy density, and recycling stability for 40 000 galvanic charge-discharge cycles. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device demonstrated a specific capacitance of 243.94 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1. Co3O4/MgO-SiO2 composites were found to be highly active towards the OER in 1 M KOH aqueous solution with an overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 88 mV dc-1. It was found that the stability and durability were highly satisfactory. Based on the use of orange peel extract, a roadmap was developed for the synthesis of porous hybrid substrates for the development of efficient electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.

Skeletal Nitrogen Functionalization of Isostructural 2D Conjugated MOFs for Enhancement of the Dual-Ion Storage Capacity.

Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) are emerging as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, a viable path to realize superior dual-ion storage in 2D c-MOFs has remained elusive. Here, we report the synthesis of Cu2(Nx-OHPTP) 2D c-MOFs (x=0,1,2; OHPTP=octahydroxyphenanthrotriphenylene) with precise aromatic carbon-nitrogen arrangements, based on the π-conjugated OHPTP ligand incorporated with one or two nitrogen atoms. The skeletal nitrogen modification in Cu2(Nx-OHPTP) allows the synergistic introduction of additional redox sites, and thus substantially favors the unique dual-ion adsorption capacity. Consequently, the Cu2(N2-OHPTP) cathode exhibits a largely enhanced electrochemical performance for dual-ion storage (i.e., Li+ and Cl-) with a high specific capacity of 53.8 mAh g-1, which is twice that of Cu2(N0-OHPTP) and 1.3 times that of Cu2(N1-OHPTP). Furthermore, the Cu2(N2-OHPTP) electrode displays a favorable rate performance of 52% and good cycling stability of 96% after 1000 cycles. We identify N-centered redox sites as additional Li+ adsorption sites. In addition, calculations underline the synergistic enhancement of the Cl- adsorption energy by about 1.0 eV at the more electron-poor CuO4 linkages after N-incorporation. This work paves the way for the precise design of 2D c-MOFs with superior electrochemical properties, advancing their application in dual-ion storage applications.

Skeletal Nitrogen Functionalization of Isostructural 2D Conjugated MOFs for Enhancement of the Dual‐Ion Storage Capacity

Two‐dimensional conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, a viable path to realize superior dual‐ion storage in 2D c‐MOFs has remained elusive. Here, we report the synthesis of Cu2(Nx‐OHPTP) 2D c‐MOFs (x=0,1,2; OHPTP=octahydroxyphenanthrotriphenylene) with precise aromatic carbon‐nitrogen arrangements, based on the π‐conjugated OHPTP ligand incorporated with one or two nitrogen atoms. The skeletal nitrogen modification in Cu2(Nx‐OHPTP) allows the synergistic introduction of additional redox sites, and thus substantially favors the unique dual‐ion adsorption capacity. Consequently, the Cu2(N2‐OHPTP) cathode exhibits a largely enhanced electrochemical performance for dual‐ion storage (i.e., Li+ and Cl‐) with a high specific capacity of 53.8 mAh g−1, which is twice that of Cu2(N0‐OHPTP) and 1.3 times that of Cu2(N1‐OHPTP). Furthermore, the Cu2(N2‐OHPTP) electrode displays a favorable rate performance of 52% and good cycling stability of 96% after 1000 cycles. We identify N‐centered redox sites as additional Li+ adsorption sites. In addition, calculations underline the synergistic enhancement of the Cl− adsorption energy by about 1.0 eV at the more electron‐poor CuO4 linkages after N‐incorporation. This work paves the way for the precise design of 2D c‐MOFs with superior electrochemical properties, advancing their application in dual‐ion storage applications.

Macromolecular Architecture in the Synthesis of Micro- and Mesoporous Polymers.

Polymers with micro- and mesoporous structure are promising as materials for gas storage and separation, encapsulating agents for controlled drug release, carriers for catalysts and sensors, precursors of nanostructured carbon materials, carriers for biomolecular immobilization and cellular scaffolds, as materials with a low dielectric constant, filtering/separating membranes, proton exchange membranes, templates for replicating structures, and as electrode materials for energy storage. Sol-gel technologies, track etching, and template synthesis are used for their production, including in micelles of surfactants and microemulsions and sublimation drying. The listed methods make it possible to obtain pores with variable shapes and sizes of 5-50 nm and achieve a narrow pore size distribution. However, all these methods are technologically multi-stage and require the use of consumables. This paper presents a review of the use of macromolecular architecture in the synthesis of micro- and mesoporous polymers with extremely high surface area and hierarchical porous polymers. The synthesis of porous polymer frameworks with individual functional capabilities, the required chemical structure, and pore surface sizes is based on the unique possibilities of developing the architecture of the polymer matrix.

Yolk-shell structured FeS0.5Se0.5@N-doped mesoporous carbon composite as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

Transition metal selenides/sulfides are drawing growing attention as promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to their larger layer spacing and weaker ionic bond compared to transition metal oxides, which are conducive to the intercalation/de-intercalation of Li ions. However, the intrinsic low conductivity and large volume expansion remain a major obstacle for their practical applications. In this work, with the prediction help of the theory model, we design a yolk-shell structure of single-phase ternary FeS0.5Se0.5 and nitrogen-doped mesopore carbon (YS-FeS0.5Se0.5@NMC) via an interfacial co-assembly, followed by one-step selenization and vulcanization. In the composite, single-phase ternary FeS0.5Se0.5 yolk provides more active sites and faster ion/electron transport dynamics than binary Fe2O3, while N-doped mesoporous carbon shell effectively alleviates the large volume expansion of FeS0.5Se0.5, as revealed by in-situ Raman analysis and TEM observation. Meanwhile, the spatial confinement of outer carbon shell also ensures the mechanical stability of the electrode during cycles. These merits endow the YS-FeS0.5Se0.5@NMC anode with a high reversible capacity of 1417mA h/g at 200mA h/g after 120 cycles, and an exceptional rate capability. This work offers an inspired approach for achieving high-performance energy storage electrode materials

Highly active O-, N-, and S-tridoped carbon spheres as electrode materials for efficient energy storage

Highly active O-, N-, and S-tridoped carbon spheres as electrode materials for efficient energy storage

Modification Strategies and Prospects for Enhancing the Stability of Black Phosphorus.

Black phosphorus is a two-dimensional layer material with promising applications due to its many excellent physicochemical properties, including high carrier mobility, ambipolar field effect and unusual in-plane anisotropy. Currently, BP has been widely used in biomedical engineering, photocatalysis, semiconductor devices, and energy storage electrode materials. However, the unique structure of BP makes it highly chemically active, leading to its easy oxidation and degradation in air, which limits its practical applications. Recently, researchers have proposed a number of initiatives that can address the environmental instability of BP, and the application of these physical and chemical passivation techniques can effectively enhance the environmental stability of BP, including four modification methods: covalent functionalization, non-covalent functionalization, surface coordination, physical encapsulation and edge passivation. This review highlights the mechanisms of the above modification techniques in addressing the severe instability of BP in different application scenarios, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each method. This review can provide guidance for more researchers in studying the marvellous properties of BP and accelerate the practical application of BP in different fields.

Modified organic-template synthesis of Co3O4 as high-performance electrode with superior capacitive storage

Electrochemical supercapacitors (ESCs) have great potential in many energy storage technologies because of their outstanding performance. Transition metal oxides with high theoretical specific capacity are promising for ESC electrodes, but their low utilization of capacitive active components and poor cycle stability limit their practical usage. Herein, we have prepared a novel cobalt metal cyanometallic framework (Co-CMF) and further thermally modified it to easily produce a Co3O4 positive electrode with excellent capacitive storage performance. As a result, the electrode exhibits fast, stable and reversible electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 241.9 C g−1 and long-term stability with as low as 0.004 % decline per cycle in the 5 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, which are confirmed by in-situ Raman investigation and electrochemical tests, further demonstrating that this modified approach provides a new idea for the development of promising high-capacity electrode materials for large-scale energy storage.

Transition Metal-Doped Layered Iron Vanadate (FeV3-xMxO9.2.6H2O, M = Co, Mn, Ni, and Zn) for Enhanced Energy Storage Properties.

With its distinctive multiple electrochemical reaction, iron vanadate (FeV3O9.2.6H2O) is considered as a promising electrode material for energy storage. However, it has a relatively low practical specific capacitance. Therefore, using the low temperature sol-gel synthesis process, transition metal doping was used to enhance the electrochemical performance of layered structured FeV3O9.2.6H2O (FVO). According to this study, FVO doped with transition metals with larger interlayer spacing exhibited superior electrochemical performance than undoped FVO. The Mn-doped FVO electrode showed the highest specific capacitance and retention of 143 Fg-1 and 87%, respectively, while the undoped FVO showed 78 Fg-1 and 54%.

Fabrication of MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF//activated Carbon Nanocomposite Electrode Material for High Performance Energy Storage and Fast Response for Gluten Detection

Abstract Gluten is a high-energy protein that is present in some grains, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It has a significant impact on the food production processes. In this work, the MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF composite was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. To estimate the electrochemical properties, the MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF composite-based electrode is designed, which shows the specific capacity (Qs) of 1050 Cg-1 at 3 mVs-1 because of the enhancement in redox-active sites and conductivity. The hybrid electrode MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF//AC revealed Qs of 337 Cg-1. In addition, the device demonstrated an exceptional energy density (Ed) of 55 Whkg-1 and a power density (Pd) of 2200 Wkg-1. The device showed capacity retention of 88% and Coulombic efficiency of 96% after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF composite is utilized for the detection of gliadin. The electrochemical sensor showed an extraordinary sensitivity of 732 µA mM−1 cm−2 against the gluten. The MoFe2O4/Cr-MOF nanocomposite has diverse potential for creating hybrid devices used in applications related to food and energy harvesting.

Amino Acid Supported Conductive Nanocomposite for Developing Flexible Electrode Material for Energy Storage

Introduction: This study focused on synthesizing biocompatible, flexible and wearable electrode materials for energy storage applications. The unique zwitterionic structure of L-proline provides numerous interesting properties to the nanocomposite such as high ionic interactions through the various ion migration channels, and strong hydration characteristics. These features are key to thehigh performance of energy deposition systems.Methods: Binary nanocomposites containing L-proline (Pro) amino acid and polypyrrole (Ppy) were produced on rGO modified carbon textile (rGO-CC) to develop electroactive materials. Two step hydrothermal method was used to produce flexible electrodes. DRIFT spectroscopy andAFM analysis were performed to clarify the structural and the morphological characterization. Electrochemical behavior was evaluated utilizing CV, GCD and EIS methods.Results: ProPpy@rGO-CC electrode materials exhibit high electrochemical performances in aqueous electrolytes (0.1 M NaCl). The prepared electrode shows high specific capacitance of 500.4 Fg-1 (at 25 mVs−1) at the ambient conditions. Additionally, after 5,000 charge/discharge cycles the specific capacitance retains a high level of 95% confirming the good cycle stability. The energy and the power densities were found to be 278 Wh kg−1 and 12.5 kW kg−1, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that the ProPpy@rGO-CC electrode is a promising candidate for next-generation high-performance energy deposition systems. The unique structural features of L-proline contribute to the formation of a large number of electroactive sites and short diffusion pathways.

Bipolar Supercapacitive Performance of N-Containing Carbon Materials Derived from Covalent Triazine-Based Framework.

The search for new electrode materials for bipolar-supercapacitor performance is the intention of numerous research in the area of functional framework materials. Among various electrode materials, covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) are in the spotlight drawing much attention as potential electrode material for energy storage owing to their tunable surface area, pore size distribution, and heteroatom content. Herein, we present the synthesis of nitrogen-functionalized CTFs marked as CTF-Py-600 and CTF-Py-700 with high nitrogen content (18 % and 14 %, respectively) for supercapacitor application by applying the 2,6-dicyanopyridine monomer via the polymerization reaction under ionothermal condition. The BET surface areas of these materials are in the range of 940-1999 m2 g-1. CTF-Py-700 demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance in both potential windows. At the negative potential window, it exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 435 F g-1 (at 1 A g-1) compared to the positive potential window, where it shows a specific capacitance of 306 F g-1 (at 1 A g-1) owing to the synergistic existence of its large surface area (1999 m2 g-1) and high nitrogen content (14 %) with inherent microporosity. Remarkable cycling stability without noticeable degradation of specific capacitance after 15000 cycles was recorded for CTF-Py-700. This suggests that the nitrogen-functionalized CTFs are going to be a highly demanded electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications.

Zinc cobalt sulfide with carbon (graphene oxide and CNT) based nanocomposite as positive electrode for asymmetric coin cell supercapacitors

Abstract The world dependence on portable electronic devices has increased the demand for high-performance energy storage devices. The use of transition metal sulfides as faradaic electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage is rapidly increasing due to their high energy density. Herein Zinc Cobalt Sulfide (ZCS) with graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used to create an interconnected ZCS composite network using a solvothermal technique. The materials were characterized by utilizing XRD, FT-Raman, TGA, FESEM/EDX, XPS, and BET. The electrochemical performance of the materials was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The prepared electrodes exhibited both pseudocapacitor behavior and double-layer capacitor behavior, indicating the hybrid nature. Furthermore, All the electrode ZCS, ZCS/GO, ZCS/CNT, and ZCS/GO/CNT electrodes demonstrated higher capacitance behavior, with values of 420, 551, 585 and 811 F g−1 at 1 A/g. Among these ZCS/GO/CNT electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical properties, with a notable retention of 81.08% at 10 Ag−1 because Combining ZCS nanoparticles with interconnected GO and CNT provides excellent electronic conductivity and stability. The assembled ZCS/GO/CNT//graphene oxide asymmetric coin cell (ACC) supercapacitor showed a high energy density of 33.3 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 624 W kg–1. The 3D nanostructure of ZCS/GO/CNT/Graphene oxide has great potential for developing foldable energy storage devices.

Rapid and controllable microwave synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

The efficient and controllable synthesis method of high-performance energy storage electrode materials is crucial for advancing the development of energy storage technologies. Herein, by leveraging microwave heating technology in the sulfidation of nickel cobalt MOF, we effectively enhanced the efficiency of the synthesis process. Notably, sulfidation time emerged as a pivotal factor in tuning the crystalline phase structure and conductive properties of the material, leading to the successful development of NCS2 electrode material with a unique structure through optimized sulfidation conditions. Electrochemical performance tests of the NCS2 material revealed exceptional results; it exhibited a specific capacity of 1311 Fg[Formula: see text] at a current density of 1 Ag[Formula: see text] and retained 73.4% of its initial capacity when the current density increased to 10 Ag[Formula: see text], demonstrating outstanding rate performance. The composite NCS2//AC supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 24.2 Whkg[Formula: see text] at power density of 800 Wkg[Formula: see text], even though after 1000 consecutive charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate remained high at 77.1%, validating the exceptional stability and reliability of the NCS2 material during cycling. This work employs microwave sulfidation for the rapid and controlled synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfides, providing a green and efficient synthetic strategy for metal sulfide active materials.

Graphene wrapped porous polyaniline/manganese oxide nanocomposites with enhanced structural stability and conductivity for high‐performance symmetric supercapacitor

AbstractManganese oxides have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Despite extensive efforts to improve their conductivity and structural stability through various manganese oxide/conductor nanocomposites, achieving efficient and reliable energy storage electrode materials has remained challenging. In this study, we propose a meticulous “dual enhancement” strategy, where three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructured polyaniline/manganese oxide composites (PM) are synthesized via an in situ method and further integrated with graphene wrapping to form polyaniline/manganese oxide/graphene nanocomposites (PMG). Electrochemical characterization reveals that PMG exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of up to 403 F g−1 (at 1 A g−1), with a favorable capacitance retention of 80.2% after 5000 cycles, along with a wide potential window. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of polyaniline, which provides a supportive framework and electron transport pathways, and graphene, which offers external protection and enhances conductivity pathways. Assembled symmetrical supercapacitors demonstrate outstanding energy density (32.7–23.3 Wh kg−1) and power density (720–4500 W kg−1) at a high operating voltage of 1.8 V, surpassing the performance of many reported high‐performance supercapacitors. This study provides valuable insights for advancing manganese oxide electrode materials and is expected to catalyze their widespread adoption in energy storage applications.Highlights “Dual enhancement” is implemented by PANI supporting and rGO wrapping. The conductivity and structural stability of composite electrode is greatly enhanced. Improved capacitance (403 F g−1, 1 A g−1) and cycling stability (80.2%) is achieved. The symmetrical supercapacitor has high voltage and energy density (32.7 Wh kg−1).

Amplifying energy storage and production efficiency: Utilizing BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 synthesized from dithiocarbamate precursors for enhanced and sustainable energy solutions

During this period of increasing energy use, the scientific community and energy stakeholders have been closely monitoring electrochemical energy storage. In an attempt to enhance the functionality of charge storage devices, diethyldithiocarbamate ligand is employed as a chelating agent during the production of the novel BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3. The semiconductor BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3, which was made in an environmentally friendly manner, showed good photoactivity due to its 2.97 eV energy band gap and light absorption. The resultant chalcogenide had an average crystallite size of 19.69 nm and displayed outstanding crystallinity with mixed crystallographic phases. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate metallic sulfide connections, and the findings indicated that they varied between 500 and 875 cm−1. This chalcogenide featured varied sites for electrochemical reactions due to its morphology. The electrochemical performance of BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 was assessed using a conventional three-electrode setup. With a specific capacitance of up to 1019.4 F g−1 and a power density of 11931.26 W kg−1, BaS3: Ni2S3: Sb2S3 has proven to be an excellent electrode material for energy storage. This remarkable electrochemical performance was further reinforced by the comparable series resistance (Rs) of 0.57 Ω. During electrocatalysis, the electrode produced an OER overpotential with a Tafel slope of 348 mV and 119 mV dec−1. In contrast, the overpotential and Tafel slope in terms of the HER activity and were 211 mV and 100 mV/dec, respectively.

High-performance α-Fe2O3 nano cubes as anode for supercapacitors

Abundant availability, high theoretical specific capacitance and low cost of transition metal oxides such as iron oxides, make them attractive as electrode materials for energy storage. In order to achieve improved performance, high conductivity, shorter ion-diffusion path, and faster ion accessibility, rational design of morphology of electrode material is highly desirable. We have successfully synthesized mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanocubes to achieve high specific capacitance and better retention. The as-prepared and annealed α-Fe2O3 nanocubes show high reversible redox activity along with good thermodynamic stability. These nanostructure give rise to high specific capacitance and ~90 % of the capacitance can be retained even after 1000 redox cycles, suggesting good cyclic stability. The electrochemical performance of mesoporous α-Fe2O3 nanocubes is attributed to the morphological features, which results in efficient K+ ion transport into the pores. A two electrode α-Fe2O3//NiO device is fabricated, which shows excellent power and energy density of ∼627 W/kg and ∼23.32 Wh/kg, respectively. Our work demonstrates that 3D nanoporous α-Fe2O3 electrodes forms promising material system as anode for improved charge storage performance.