Electrochromic Contrast Research Articles

Performance Enhancement of Self-Powered Electrochromic Device via a PEDOT:PSS Electrode Inherited with Intrinsic Roughness of Substrate.

The electrode optimization and rational design are of great significance for the performance enhancement of self-powered electrochromic devices (ECDs). It can be effectively enhanced by developing interfacial properties of electrodes, which can promote the internal ion transport within functional components consisting of an electrode, electrochromic layer, and electrolyte layer and thus obtain performance improvement of fabricated devices. This work aims to construct the electrode of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on different substrates and promote interface performance of the prepared electrodes via inheriting the surface topography of substrates. Besides, the prepared PEDOT:PSS electrodes as a dual-function layer including the electrochromic and electrode layer are employed to assemble the ECDs. It is found that the intrinsic roughness of the paper substrate can facilitate the electrochemical performance of the prepared PEDOT:PSS electrode on it effectively, thereby showing a superior electrochemical surface area and diffusion coefficient as well as a lower charge-transfer resistance of 13.56 Ω. Similarly, for the prepared self-powered ECD on the paper substrate, it also indicates a high light absorption property (0.413), well-defined electrochromic contrast (33.09), fast switching (τc = 4.0 s, τb = 6.8 s), high coloration efficiency (92.275 cm2 C-1), high areal capacity (10.93 mAh m-2) at 0.01 mA cm-2, and lower equivalent series resistance (176.2 Ω) in comparison to parallel ECDs on the PET and glass substrate. Leveraging the intrinsic roughness of the substrate is able to enhance the electrochemical performance of electrodes, which can also provide a new strategy for the construction of high-performance self-powered ECDs.

The effect of branched versus linear side chain on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based donor-acceptor-donor type monomers and their p- and n-dopable polymers

The conjugated backbone has been the focus of the most research, while the structure of the side chains has received less attention. Here, we focus on making new donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type conjugated monomers by bearing a thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) with octyl chain at the imide nitrogen as the acceptor unit and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and 3,3-didecyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT) as the donor units and their corresponding polymers. The optical and electrochemical properties of octyl substituted monomers and their corresponding polymers were compared with their ethylhexyl counterparts. Changing the alkyl side chain on the TPD unit from linear to branched has no effect on onset potential, optical band gap (Eg), perceived color, electrochromic contrast, or switching time. Nonetheless, donor strength has significant impact on the properties of monomers and their corresponding polymers. EDOT-bearing monomers and polymers have lower onset and oxidation potentials, Eg values than their ProDOT counterparts due to more electron donating ability of ethylenedioxy bridge in comparison to the propylenedioxy bridge. Octyl substituted monomers, P-Octyl and E-Octyl, demonstrated high sensitivity towards the Fe3+ ion, making them viable candidates for use in ion sensing, and their corresponding polymers, PE-Octyl and PP-Octyl, are both p- and n-dopable, which is a desirable property for conjugated polymers. Furthermore, PP-Octyl was found to be soluble in common solvents, and PP-Octyl in toluene can be oxidized with antimony pentachloride (SbCl5).

Electrochemical and optical properties of 3',4'-bis(alkyloxy)-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene bearing multifunctional polymers: Effect of alkyl chain length on electrochromic properties

Herein, three multifunctional 3',4'-bis(alkyloxy)-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene comprising monomers with different alkyl chains were electrochemically polymerized on an ITO electrode to obtain the polymers; poly(3',4'-dibutoxy-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene) (P1), poly(3',4'-bis(hexyloxy)-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene) (P2), and poly(3',4'-bis(octyloxy)-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene) (P3). Cyclic voltammetry and in situ spectroelectrochemical studies were performed for the polymers to investigate their oxidation potentials, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, band gaps (Egop), optical contrasts (T%), and switching times. All polymers had an optical band gap at around 1.8 and 1.9 eV and revealed different tones of red color in their neutral states and different tones of blue color in their oxidized states with similar electrochromic features. This means that the alteration of the alkyl chain lengths did not affect the band gap and the colors of the resulting polymers significantly. When P1, P2, and P3 were compared in terms of electrochromic contrast and switching studies, P1 had superior optical contrast and switching time values. P1 exhibited 51% optical contrast at 520 nm which is a rare and desired property for -conjugated conducting polymers in the visible region. P1, P2 and P3 conducting polymer films, which were also used for energy storage applications before, revealed promising electrochromic characters in this study, so these poly(3',4'-bis(alkyloxy)-2,2':5',2"-terthiophene) derivatives can be called as multifunctional next-generation materials.

Sea-Cucumber-like Microstructure Polyoxometalate/TiO2 Nanocomposite Electrode for High-Performance Electrochromic Energy Storage Devices.

The key challenge in the practical application of electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) is the fabrication of high-performance electrode materials. Herein, we deposited K7[La(H2O)x(α2-P2W17O61)] (P2W17La) onto TiO2 nanowires (NW) to construct an NW-P2W17La nanocomposite using a layer-by-layer self-assembly method. In contrast to the pure P2W17La films, the nanocomposite exhibits enhanced electrochromic and electrochemical performance owing to the 3D sea-cucumber-like microstructure. An EESD using the NW-P2W17La film as the cathode exhibited outstanding electrochromic and energy storage properties, with high optical modulation (48.6% at 605 nm), high switching speeds (tcoloring = 15 s, tbleaching = 4 s), and high area capacitance (5.72 mF cm-2 at 0.15 mA cm-2). The device can reversibly switch between transparent and dark blue during the charge/discharge process, indicating that electrochromic contrast can be used as a quantitative indicator of the energy storage status.

Fully-printed, paper-based electrochromic devices combined with wireless driving

The rational preparation and design of electrochromic devices (ECDs) are important for practical application, as integrated on packaging products to express key information by means of some intelligent technologies. This work aims to construct homogeneous film of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) adopting organic solvents doping and gravure printing on a paper substrate. The formed PEDOT:PSS film is shown to provide successfully the desired high conductivity and excellent stability after mild post-treatment via formic acid. The intrinsic reason for the conductivity enhancement is disclosed and correspondingly discussed. The prepared PEDOT:PSS film thus functions in parallel as an electrochromic and electrode layer in assembled ECDs. The two-layer ECD supports a well-defined electrochromic contrast (ΔE* = 20.5), high light absorption property (0.27) at 650 nm, fast switching, and high coloration efficiency (122.8 cm2 C−1) at a low potential of |2.0| V. More importantly, the intelligent operation of the electrochromic unit is launched using wireless driving rather than external working voltage as usual. In application, the driving voltage for ECDs is obtained from the screen-printed induction coil that can be coupled with the magnetic field of near field communication (NFC) equipped in a smartphone. Thus, the wireless driven electrochromic system can be additionally integrated on the package together with a printed ECD in order to display the product pattern under the interaction of the smartphone, improving the interactivity between packaging products and consumers, thereby having high potential for application in the fields of intelligent packaging.

Smart current collector for high-energy-density and high-contrast electrochromic supercapacitors toward intelligent and wearable power application

Integrating electrochromism and energy storage into supercapacitor is highly desirable for the development of intelligent and wearable sustainable power system and electronics. However, simultaneous realization of high energy storage and high electrochromic performances remains a major challenge in electrochromic energy storage due to their inherent contradiction in transmissive-type device designs. Herein we demonstrate a smart current collector (SCC) strategy for simultaneously realizing a high energy density and a high electrochromic contrast in supercapacitors. SCC is designed by sandwiching an electrochromic polypyrrole layer between transparent substrate and porous Ag reflective layer, which possesses high reflective-type electrochromic performances, excellent conductivity and enables a high-mass loading of active energy storage material without sacrificing good ion access to electrochromic layer. While achieving high electrochromic-contrast performances at a high mass loading of active material, the electrochromic supercapacitor based on SCC can deliver a high energy density of 112.2 μWh cm−2, significantly outperforming the reported electrochromic supercapacitors to date. Moreover, SCC design perfectly suits for wearable power supply application as it is hardly affected by the wearable-background lightness. The delicate design of current collector in this work provides a new technology for developing high-performance intelligent wearable electrochemical energy storage devices toward real applications.

Tuning the main electrochromic features by polymer backbone variation of triphenylamine-based polyamides

A novel triphenylamine (TPA)-based diamine integrating structural elements to endow highly stable redox and electrochromic features was successfully synthesized and structurally characterized. Three new TPA-containing polyamides were obtained via polycondensation of this diamine with acid dichlorides, as confirmed by thorough NMR and FT–IR investigations. The main electronic transitions and specific oxidation sites were evaluated by photo-optical and (time-dependent) density functional theory ((TD)– DFT) analysis, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical investigations were used to assess the redox stability and to comprehend the electrochromic conduct in terms of electrochromic contrast, response time, and switching stability. Thus, the synthesized polyamides integrated high transmittance variation up to 67%, response time to coloring and blanching down to 6.52 s/2.01 s, a maximum of 219 cm2/C of the electrochromic efficiency (EC) and a decay up to 5% after 500 cycles. All these electrochromic parameters and their variation are contingent to the electronic effect of each acid dichloride segment from the polymers. Also, the presence of the ortho-catenated methyl groups lowered the overall oxidation potentials and therefore triggered long-term stability. Computational evaluations were used to endorse practical assessments. All experimental and theoretical observations were subjected to interconnected reasoning to determine the correlations between structural motifs and resulting electrochromic performances.

An intrinsically stretchable and bendable electrochromic device

Stretchable electrochromic devices (ECDs) were fabricated from electrospun PEDOT:PSS (poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) fibers. Stretchable and transparent electrodes with a sheet resistance of 1200 Ω sq−1 were prepared by depositing the conductive fibers on elastomeric substrates that were prepared from polydimethylsiloxane. The conductive substrates replaced the ITO coated glass electrodes that are typically used in ECDs. The functioning device was prepared from a flexible chitosan electrolytic gel and a 4, 7-bis(4-diphenylaminophenyl)−2, 1, 3-benzothiaziazole (TPA-BZT-TPA) electrochrome that were deposited on the streatchable transparent electrodes. The assembled device could be stretched to 150% its original length and bent to a curvature of 0.1. The device could be operated and switched between its yellow (off) and blue (on) states while being stretched and bent with a maximum contrast ΔT ≈ 30% at 805 nm and a coloration efficiency of 168 cm2 C−1. The stretchable device had an electrochromic contrast that was 30% greater than its counterpart that was prepared from conventional ITO-glass electrodes. The critical composition required for making devices truly stretchable was possible by evaluating the performance of five types of devices consisting of different layers.

High-Performance Flexible Electrochromic Supercapacitor with a Capability of Quantitative Visualization of Its Energy Storage Status through Electrochromic Contrast

Flexible electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSCs) are currently under considerable investigation as potential smart energy storage components in wearable intelligent electronics. However, the lack of a suitable strategy for precisely judging its real-time energy storage status has hindered its development toward practical application. Herein, an optical-energy feedback strategy based on electrochromic contrast as a quantitative indicator of the state of charge (SOC) in flexible ECSCs has been developed using a polypyrrole (PPy)-based electrochromic electrode: carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Au/PPy/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). A linear dependence of real-time electrochromic contrast on the SOC is established, enabling a quantitative, accurate, and on-site visualization of the energy level from digitized information. Benefiting from the inherent high color-to-color contrast in PPy during electrochromism, the strategy shows a high detection sensitivity and resolution during charging/discharging. Moreover, the good flexibility, high capacitance of the electrode, and asymmetric device design can synergistically benefit the energy storage performance of the flexible ECSC, resulting in a high energy density of 4.03 μWh cm–2 and high electrochemical stability under deformations. This work largely explores the potential and advantages of PPy for fabricating a high-performance flexible smart supercapacitor and opens up an alternative methodology for realizing a convenient, low-cost, and nondestructive SOC self-monitoring ability in flexible energy storage devices.

Wetting-Induced Fabrication of Graphene Hybrid with Conducting Polymers for High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes.

Graphene has attracted extensive attention for the supply of electrically conductive, optically transparent, and mechanical robust electrodes for flexible optoelectrical devices, as an alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, due to its superior mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. However, conventional chemical vapor deposition is impeded by harsh conditions and complicated processes, and it is still a challenge to fabricate high-performance graphene transparent electrode in a facile and scalable solution-processable route. Herein, a wetting-induced scalable solution-processable approach to fabricate graphene hybrid with conductive ionogel and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), i.e., graphene/ionogel@PEDOT:PSS (G/Ionogel@PEDOT:PSS), for high-performance flexible transparent electrode (FTE) is reported, achieving a low sheet resistance of 30 Ω sq-1 and a high transmittance of 88% at 550 nm. The as-fabricated trinary hybrid FTE as both transparent electrode and electrochromic layer is applied to a compact indium tin oxide (ITO)-free three-layered flexible electrochromic device, showing fast switching response, good electrochromic contrast, and reliable stability. Our work enables a scalable solution-processable approach for the generation of graphene-based FTE and functional devices.

High contrast hybrid electrochromic film based on cross-linked phosphonated triarylamine on mesoporous antimony doped tin oxide

A novel electrochromic material consisting of a phosphonate-substituted triarylamine (TAA-P) precursor on mesoporous antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) was prepared. When subjected to anodic potential, surface-confined TAA-P undergoes in situ dimerization as demonstrated by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. The newly formed dimer tetra-N-phenyl benzidine (TPB) exhibits multi-electrochromic behavior, from colorless TPB0 via the bronze colored radical TPB+•, and further to green TPB2+ species. The films show a remarkably fast electrochromic response (2.6 s for coloring and 0.3 s for bleaching), high coloration efficiency (−280 cm2/C), and high electrochromic contrast (ΔT = 82% at 700 nm) when switched between colorless and dark green states. The comparison of TPB@ATO with an analogues titanium dioxide hybrid film (TPB@TiO2) revealed the importance of electronic conductivity within the inorganic semiconductor scaffold present in ATO but missing in TiO2 at positive potentials. We have prepared an electrochromic film with the ability to switch from colorless to dark green within a very short time, paving the path for state-of-the-art applications such as optical shutters.

The physical and electrochromic properties of Prussian Blue thin films electrodeposited on ITO electrodes

In this article, a set of Prussian Blue (PB) thin films with different electrodeposition times (25 s, 50 s, 75 s, 100 s and 150 s) in air at ambient temperature was prepared. The layers were characterized by a variety of techniques which include, field effect scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and electrochemical analysis. A simple and exact electrochemical method was used to estimate the optimal voltages for coloring and bleaching of different PB layers. Controlling electrodeposition time along with applying suitable voltage enabled us to investigate and improve electrochromic properties of PB layer. The sample prepared under 75 s deposition time showed probably a composition intermediate between the insoluble and soluble form. Furthermore, this sample (S75) shows a better electrochromic properties. High value of electrochromic contrast 55.36% at 555 nm and well stability of ion exchange by cycling are the characteristics of this layer. The control of the deposition time resulted in an increase of 9.38 times of the contrast ratio and corresponding values for optical density (ΔOD) of the PB layers.

Metal Free Acid‐Mediated Solid‐State Polymerization and Processability of Polymers Based on 3,4‐Alkylenedioxythiophenes

ABSTRACTThe present article reports metal free acid‐mediated polymerization of 3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophenes in a solvent free medium and processability of insoluble polymers. It also describes structural variants and functional aqueous dispersions based on 3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophenes. Polymers were processed by dispersing the insoluble polymer powders in aqueous media using polymeric aromatic surfactant (polystyrenesulfonate, PSS) and aliphatic surfactant (sodiumdodecylsulfonate, SDS), respectively. The effect of surfactant on particle size, stability, and conductivity of the dispersions was investigated in detail. Polymer particles in SDS‐based dispersions tend to agglomerate which resulted enhanced conductivity of the thin films. Electrochemical studies revealed that the polymers are electroactive in nature and are transparent in oxidized state. The electrochromic contrast between the oxidized and reduced states of the polymers was in the range of 40–46%. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 783–791

Enhanced electrochromic characteristics induced by Au/PEDOT/Pt microtubes in WO3 based electrochromic devices

A study has been carried out on improving electrochromic performances of tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) with inclusion of gold/poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/platinum (Au/PEDOT/Pt) microtubes. The deposited film characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). SEM results indicated that homogeneous spreading of Au/PEDOT/Pt microtubes are successfully obtained onto the WO3 layer. The electrochromic performances such as electrochromic contrast, response times and charge transfer resistance were investigated and compared with Au/PEDOT/Pt microtubes-free system in detail. Higher optical contrast (26%) and faster response times (bleaching time (tb): 13.83 s, coloration time (tc): 19.25 s) were obtained for electrochromic device made from Au/PEDOT/Pt microtubes against an applied potential of ±2 V. Especially, Au/PEDOT/Pt microtubes-based ECD exhibited stronger electrochromic color change from transparent to blue.

Balancing Charge Storage and Mobility in an Oligo(Ether) Functionalized Dioxythiophene Copolymer for Organic- and Aqueous- Based Electrochemical Devices and Transistors.

This work presents a soluble oligo(ether)-functionalized propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)-based copolymer as a versatile platform for a range of high-performance electrochemical devices, including organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), electrochromic displays, and energy-storage devices. This polymer exhibits dual electroactivity in both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems, redox stability for thousands of redox cycles, and charge-storage capacity exceeding 80 F g-1 . As an electrochrome, this material undergoes full colored-to-colorless optical transitions on rapid time scales (<2 s) and impressive electrochromic contrast (Δ%T > 70%). Incorporation of the polymer into OECTs yields accumulation-mode devices with an ION/OFF current ratio of 105 , high transconductance without post-treatments, as well as competitive hole mobility and volumetric capacitance, making it an attractive candidate for biosensing applications. In addition to being the first ProDOT-based OECT active material reported to date, this is also the first reported OECT material synthesized via direct(hetero)arylation polymerization, which is a highly favorable polymerization method when compared to commonly used Stille cross-coupling. This work provides a demonstration of how a single ProDOT-based polymer, prepared using benign polymerization chemistry and functionalized with highly polar side chains, can be used to access a range of highly desirable properties and performance metrics relevant to electrochemical, optical, and bioelectronic applications.

Design, synthesis and characterization of polysiloxane and polyetherdiamine based comb-shaped hybrid solid polymer electrolytes for applications in electrochemical devices

In this study, polysiloxane and polyetherdiamine based comb-shaped solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are developed by hydrosilylation and sol-gel reactions of polymethylhydrosiloxane, allyltriethoxysilane, bis(2-aminopropyl) polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol and (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane followed by LiClO4 doping. The absence of residual Si‒H functionality in FTIR and 29Si CPMAS NMR spectra confirms the completion of hydrosilylation reaction. The formation of comb-shaped SPEs with silicate backbones is confirmed by 13C and 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The maximum ionic conductivity value of 5.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 is obtained for the SPE with [O]/[Li] ratio of 16 at 80 °C with electrochemical stability window reaching up to 4.8 V. The fabricated electrochromic device with the hybrid SPE of [O]/[Li] = 16 demonstrates good electrochromic contrast and optical density change values of 49.3% and 0.39, respectively, at wavelength of 550 nm. The results show that the present comb-shaped SPEs have potential to be used in various electrochemical devices.

All Polymer Solution Processed Electrochromic Devices: A Future without Indium Tin Oxide?

The growing range of applications for optoelectronic and electrochromic devices (ECDs) encourages the search for materials combining high electrical conductivity with optical transparency. Next generation transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are required to be inexpensive, lightweight, scalable, and compatible with flexible substrates to trigger innovations towards supporting sustainable living and reducing energy consumption. Here we show that PEDOT:PSS can be solution processed using blade coating and subsequently post-treated with nitric and acetic acid to raise its conductivity above 2000 S cm-1 with a film transparency of ∼95%. A combined grazing-incidence wide angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and thickness analysis of the film indicates that the removal of excess insulating PSS- inducing reordering is the critical parameter for the claimed conductivity increase. We then investigate the impact of replacing indium tin oxide electrodes with PEDOT:PSS in ECDs. While electrochromic contrast and optical memory are comparable for devices constructed with both electrode materials, differences in switching kinetics are explored by comparing internal resistances, ion diffusion, and charging effects in the polymer films extracted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. While all these ideas are described based on a battery-type ECD configuration, these concepts are easily transferable to other types of redox-active devices.

Electrochromic strategy for tungsten oxide/polypyrrole hybrid nanofiber materials

High-quality hybrid nanofibers were fabricated with the aim of studying their feasibility as electrochromic systems. Tungsten oxide/polypyrrole films were electrochemically synthesized into four different ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMIMTFSI), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMPTFSI), followed by electrospinning deposition. The influence of ionic liquid on the morphology of formed hybrid nanofiber samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was also employed to confirm the compositions of nanofibers. Electrochromic devices fashioned from these hybrid nanofiber arrays were found to display remarkable electrochromic performance with reversible color change, fast optical modulation and superior cycling stability. These improvements can be attributed to the high porosity of the nanofibers, their larger accessible surface area and rational combination of two electrochemically active materials. PPy/WO3/BMIMPF6 based device showed marked enhancement of electrochromic contrast and coloration efficiency over other nanofiber based devices: the transmittance change of 47.41% along coloration efficiency of 329.45 cm2/C. These synergistic organic-inorganic nanostructures pave the way for forming new materials to be used in advanced applications.

Electrochromic behavior and electrical percolation threshold of carbon nanotube/poly(pyridinium triflate) composites

The electrochromic composite material based on poly(4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(2,6-diphenylpyridinium) triflate) (PV) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared by non-covalent interaction where PV acts as a functionalizing agent for MWCNTs. The increase in electrical conductivity and improvement of electrochromic properties of PV is attributed to the formation of MWCNTs networks. The percolation threshold for PV/MWCNTs occurred at 0.3 wt% of MWCNTs. Corresponding value of critical exponent was found to be 2.8 which is far from universal values. At practically the same electrochromic contrast the coloring and bleaching time for composites with higher polymer concentration (8 mg/mL) decreased from 600 ms to 300 ms and from 500 ms to 350 ms, respectively. It was demonstrated that further increase of MWCNTs weight content did not lead to the improvement of electrochromic properties.

Comparative Investigation of Peripheral and Nonperipheral Zinc Phthalocyanine-Based Polycarbazoles in Terms of Optical, Electrical, and Sensing Properties.

In this study, nonperipherally alkyl-linked carbazole conjugated novel zinc(II) phthalocyanine was synthesized by cyclotetramerization reaction of 6-(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)hexane-1-thiol and 3,6-bis(tosyloxy) phthalonitrile in a one-step reaction. Optical, electrical, and sensing properties of this super structured polycarbazole obtained by electropolymerization are compared with peripherally alkyl-linked polycarbazole-based zinc(II) phthalocyanine. It has been found that the attachment of alkyl-linked carbazoles to the phthalocyanine molecule in either peripheral or nonperipheral positions has a great effect on the optical and electrical properties and sensing ability of the resulting polycarbazole derivatives. P(n-ZnPc) has the highest electrochromic contrast (70.5%) among the derivatives of zinc(II) phthalocyanines in the literature. In addition to these, the sensor platform has been successfully established, and analytical optimizations have been carried out. When the sensors prepared with zinc(II) phthalocyanine are examined, it was specified that the n-ZnPc- co-TP/GOx was ranked first in the literature with high sensor response and stability. As a result, by changing of the peripheral and nonperipheral position of phthalocyanines, their physical properties can be tuned to meet the requirements of desired technological application.