Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

Influence of Different Proportions of the Addition of Electrocoagulated Metal Sludge (EMS) Obtained from Oily Wastewater Treatment on the Properties of Laboratory Bricks

Electrochemical wastewater treatment technologies are increasingly being used in practice, and the combination of electrocoagulation with advanced oxidation processes has been shown to increase treatment efficiency. The treatment of oily wastewater produces electrocoagulated metal sludge (EMS). In this work, the possibility of using different ratios of EMS produced during oily wastewater treatment was investigated. EMS was dried conventionally in an oven at 105 °C and used as a partial substitute for clay in the manufacture of laboratory bricks. The main research objectives of this study were to examine the possibility and justification of introducing EMS in brick production. The results show that an increase in the proportion of EMS in the manufacturing of bricks leads to a deterioration in the quality of the bricks. Bricks with an addition of 1 wt% and 5 wt% EMS showed the best properties. The loss on ignition (LOI), compressive strength, boiling water absorption and initial water absorption were determined at 5.7%; 49 N/mm2, 16%, 14 g/min/200 cm2, 15% for modified bricks with 1 wt% EMS and 6.3%, 48 N/mm2, 20%, 15 g/min/200 cm2 for modified brick with 5 wt%.

Engineering low-valent molybdenum sites in CoMoO4 nanosheets to boost electrochemical nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment

Electrochemical coupling nitrate-to-ammonia (NO3–-to-NH3) with urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is attractive for both energy-saving ammonia synthesis and comprehensive nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment. However, developing the efficient electrocatalyst that simultaneously promotes hydrogenation of NO3– and UOR is still challenging. Here, we engineered the porous CoMoO4 nanosheets with rich low-valent Mo sites (Mo(L)-CoMoO4-x) as a difunctional electrocatalyst for both NO3–-to-NH3 and UOR. The Mo(L)-CoMoO4-x displayed high Faradaic efficiency (93.33%) and selectivity (91.16%) for NO3–-to-NH3 and low potential (1.31 V vs. RHE) at 100 mA cm−2 toward UOR. Impressively, a low cell voltage of 1.83 V was needed for coupling UOR with NO3–-to-NH3 in two-electrode system. Mechanism study revealed that the introduction of low-valent Mo sites in CoMoO4 nanosheets accelerated the activation kinetics and multistep hydrogenation of NO3–, and also promoted the reconstruction of active CoOOH species for UOR, resulting the difunctional catalytic property for NO3–-to-NH3 and UOR.

Preparation of biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron electrode material and its electrocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

<p>Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing p-nitrophenol (PNP) was carried out using a platinum electrode as an anode and biochar-loaded nano zero-valent iron material as the cathode. The prepared biochar loaded nano zero valent iron electrode materials were characterized and analyzed using SEM, XRD, and XPS. The experiment investigated the effects of current density, initial PNP concentration, electrolyte concentration, pH value, and other factors on the treatment effect of PNP. The results showed that the nZVI/BC electrode with an initial pH value of 7.0, a current density of 10mA/cm2, and an electrolyte of 1.5g/L anhydrous sodium sulfate was the optimal condition for degrading a PNP solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L. The PNP removal rate within 24 hours was 81.94%.BC@nZVI electrode has good stability and reusability.</p>

Optimisation of treatment efficiency and effluent toxicity during carbamazepine degradation via electrochemical oxidation

The commercialisation of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (eAOPs) as a method for removing recalcitrant pollutants from wastewater is currently limited due to the potential for the formation of toxic by-products. In this regard, this research comprised a comprehensive optimisation study aimed at finding a balance between minimising the toxicity effects observed via phytotoxicity assays and maximising the eAOP degradation efficiency under low energy requirements. To this end, carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as the target pollutant in synthetic wastewater, and the operating conditions considered for optimisation were the nature of the anolyte (i.e., sulfate- or chloride-based), its concentration, and the current density applied. Together with the identification of the CBZ transformation products and their estimated toxicity based on the ECOSAR model, the optimum treatment was found to correspond to the degradation in 500mgL−1 of a sulfate-based anolyte at a current density of 10Am−2. These conditions led to the fewest and least toxic transformation products and favoured plant growth indices in phytotoxicity tests. Even if additional process improvements are required to reduce effluent toxicity, continuing such a multi-target optimisation approach can lead to innocuous electrochemical wastewater treatment.

Enhanced treatment of p-nitrophenol and coking wastewater through electrochemical and electrochemical-ozonation coupling process utilizing a novel Ti4O7 reactive electrochemical membrane anode

Organic pollutants in water could be removed by electrochemical treatment using a reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) with Magnéli phase Ti4O7, yet it is challenging to design suitable porosity to realize effective mass transfer and enhance the reactivity. Here, a novel Ti4O7 REM was prepared by a spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, which showed excellent electrochemical reactivity and mass transfer rate for organic pollutants in water. Compared to other Ti4O7 REMs, the novel Ti4O7 REM achieved a 140–9000-fold decrease in charge transfer resistance and a 5–110-fold increase in mass transfer rate. The p-nitrophenol in water can be completely removed in the REM system, with a maximum total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of 85%. Then the REM system obtained an amazing removal rate of TOC (50.1%) and UV254 (89.6%) in the electrochemical treatment of real coking wastewater. In addition, to further enhance the removal efficiency, a coupled oxidation process with the novel Ti4O7 REM and O3 aeration was investigated. The TOC removal rate and energy consumption were 57.1% and 165.2 kWh (kg TOC)−1 at the optimal conditions within a short treating time. Our findings highlighted an innovative REM for a broad range of potential environmental applications.

Single-crystal vs polycrystalline boron-doped diamond anodes: Comparing degradation efficiencies of carbamazepine in electrochemical water treatment

The ongoing challenge of water pollution by contaminants of emerging concern calls for more effective wastewater treatment to prevent harmful side effects to the environment and human health. To this end, this study explored for the first time the implementation of single-crystal boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes in electrochemical wastewater treatment, which stand out from the conventional polycrystalline BDD morphologies widely reported in the literature. The single-crystal BDD presented a pure diamond (sp3) content, whereas the three other investigated polycrystalline BDD electrodes displayed various properties in terms of boron doping, sp3/sp2 content, microstructure, and roughness. The effects of other process conditions, such as applied current density and anolyte concentration, were simultaneously investigated using carbamazepine (CBZ) as a representative target pollutant. The Taguchi method was applied to elucidate the optimal operating conditions that maximised either (i) the CBZ degradation rate constant (enhanced through hydroxyl radicals (•OH)) or (ii) the proportion of sulfate radicals (SO4•−) with respect to •OH. The results showed that the single-crystal BDD significantly promoted •OH formation but also that the interactions between boron doping, current density and anolyte concentration determined the underlying degradation mechanisms. Therefore, this study demonstrated that characterising the BDD material and understanding its interactions with other process operating conditions prior to degradation experiments is a crucial step to attain the optimisation of any wastewater treatment application.

Weibull Technique for Evaluation of Swelling: Composite Graphite Resin Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Gold Mining Wastewaters

This paper evaluated the swelling of graphite resin electrodes developed for utilization in the electrochemical treatment of gold mining wastewater. Graphite-resin electrodes were developed from used dry cells and resin using non-heat treatment processes (segregation). The Microstructure of the electrode was determined using a scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss Smart Evo 10) to ascertain the composition of the electrode. The swelling property of the electrodes was measured using the standard method through a combination of gold mining wastewater and chloride salt solutions. Effects of operational factors (particle size, percentage binder and compressive “compacting” pressure) on the swelling of the electrodes were monitored and evaluated statistically (using analysis of variance). Weibull probability distribution (2 and 3 parameters) was applied to the swelling through Microsoft Excel Solver and Moment Likelihood Method to ascertain the usefulness of the electrode in environmental pollution control through computation of reliability. The study revealed that the swelling was in the range of 1.48 % to 2.24 %, particle size (F5,20 =196.48, p = 2.76 x 10-16), percentage binder (F4,12 =181.58, p = 1.27 x 10-10), and compressive pressure (F3,12 = 106.69, p = 6.43 x 10-9) were significant factors that influence swelling of graphite-resin electrode at 95 % confidence level. the values of α and β for 2-parameters Weibull distribution are 63.162 and 15.098, and 1.265 and 10.089 for MSE and MLM methods, respectively. The Table shows that the values of α, β and θ for 3-parameters Weibull distribution are 3.679, 8.097 and 0.168, and 4.350, 7.165 and 0.198 for MSE and MLM methods, respectively. It was concluded that particle size and compacting pressure are significant factors that had an effect on the swelling of graphite resin electrodes for treatment water and wastewater.

A combined experimental and computational approach to unravel degradation mechanisms in electrochemical wastewater treatment.

Electrochemical wastewater treatment is a promising technique to remove recalcitrant pollutants from wastewater. However, the complexity of elucidating the underlying degradation mechanisms hinders its optimisation not only from a techno-economic perspective, as it is desirable to maximise removal efficiencies at low energy and chemical requirements, but also in environmental terms, as the generation of toxic by-products is an ongoing challenge. In this work, we propose a novel combined experimental and computational approach to (i) estimate the contribution of radical and non-radical mechanisms as well as their synergistic effects during electrochemical oxidation and (ii) identify the optimal conditions that promote specific degradation pathways. As a case study, the distribution of the degradation mechanisms involved in the removal of benzoic acid (BA) via boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes was elucidated and analysed as a function of several operating parameters, i.e., the initial sulfate and nitrate content of the wastewater and the current applied. Subsequently, a multivariate optimisation study was conducted, where the influence of the electrode nature was investigated for two commercial BDD electrodes and a customised silver-decorated BDD electrode. Optimal conditions were identified for each degradation mechanism as well as for the overall BA degradation rate constant. BDD selection was found to be the most influential factor favouring any mechanism (i.e., 52-85% contribution), given that properties such as its boron doping and the presence of electrodeposited silver could dramatically affect the reactions taking place. In particular, decorating the BDD surface with silver microparticles significantly enhanced BA degradation via sulfate radicals, whereas direct oxidation, reactive oxygen species and radical synergistic effects were promoted when using a commercial BDD material with higher boron content and on a silicon substrate. Consequently, by simplifying the identification and quantification of underlying mechanisms, our approach facilitates the elucidation of the most suitable degradation route for a given electrochemical wastewater treatment together with its optimal operating conditions.

Application of the synergistic Ti/SnO2–Sb–Cu anode and Ti/ZnO/CuO cathode in the electrochemical treatment of wastewater

The current research mostly focused on the single working electrode of anode for the treatment of wastewater. Therefore, a low-cost dual-electrode system using Ti/SnO2–Sb–Cu (TSSC) as the anode and Ti/ZnO/CuO (TZC) as the cathode was constructed for the synergistic treatment of methylene blue dye wastewater. Electrochemical analyses of the TSSC electrode show an ultra-high oxygen evolution potential of 2.2 V, the greater stability and the excellent corrosion resistance when compared with the traditional Ti/SnO2–Sb (TSS) electrodes. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are thought to be the main oxidants in the degradation process, the results show that the content of •OH of the TZC cathode is 57 % higher than that of ordinary inert electrode. Due to the synergistic effect of the two electrodes, the color of methylene blue can be quickly removed by 99 % in 20 min, and the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate can reach 79.5 %. The optimal operation conditions were a pH of 4, a current density of 20 mA cm−2 and an initial concentration of 50 mg L−1. Finally, the degradation pathway of MB was investigated using GC-MS technique and UV absorption spectroscopy. The results suggest that the large organic molecules are continuously cleaved to produce simple aromatic hydrocarbons, which are then destroyed to simple minor organic molecules, ultimately oxidized to CO2 and H2O. This investigation suggests a new idea for the design of an efficient and cost-effective double electrode for the electrocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.

Sustainable remediation of paint factory wastewater using electrocoagulation

Electrochemical treatment of paint-factory wastewater significantly reduces COD, turbidity, phosphorus, and pollutants, generating sludge for potential remanufacturing.

Recent advancements in modified SnO2–Sb electrodes for electrochemical treatment of wastewater

This review explores the properties of SnO2–Sb, with particular emphasis on the impact of its modification state on catalytic selectivity. New insights are provided into their importance in the electrochemical treatment of industrial wastewater.

Water recycling public toilets based on onsite electrochemical wastewater treatment

14-month performance study of an anaerobic bioreactor combined with electrochemical oxidation and integrated into a self-contained public bathroom under daily use in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India).

Highly Porous Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical Ammonia Production from Nitrate-Containing Waste Water

Nitrate from agricultural runoff and industrial waste streams is one of the major impurities in water. As high level of nitrate in drinking water may cause methemoglobinemia in infants and gastrointestinal cancer in adults, previous efforts on electrochemical wastewater treatment have aimed to solve this problem by converting nitrates to environmentally benign nitrogen gas. In the present study, we adjust this approach and propose an opportunity to transform nitrates to ammonia, which can serve as a key chemical used in fertilizer and fuel. Additionally, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia can also offer an appealing alternative to the energy- and resource-intensive Haber-Bosch process. In this work, we explore the structure-activity relationship of copper catalysts using Cu foil, Cu particle, and porous Cu in terms of their performances in electrochemical nitrate reduction toward ammonia. Under the optimal conditions, the synthesized porous Cu exhibits a nitrate conversion of 84% with an ammonia selectivity of 85% and a Faraday efficiency of 58% at an applied potential of -0.75 V. Further investigations on surface structural effects reveal that the electrochemical surface area and the fraction of (111) crystal facet on porous Cu are significantly larger than other Cu materials, impacting their catalytic activity for electrochemical ammonia production. Figure 1

Electrocoagulation Coupled to Electro-Oxidation for the Electrochemical Treatment of Hemodialysis Wastewater

Hemodialysis is an extracorporeal kidney replacement procedure to remove impurities or waste products from the blood used to treat kidney failure. During this process, large amounts of water are used, which, lacking control, end up in sewage systems, potentially flushing high levels of organic and inorganic contaminants into the receiver’s aqua biota. In recent years, a hybrid electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-oxidation (EO) process in sequential or simultaneous coupling has been used for the treatment of wastewater.This research considered synthetic water from hemodialysis under acid and basic conditions. To better simulate the presence of organic compounds, 10 mg L-1 of amoxicillin (AMX), an antibiotic commonly present in wastewater from clinics and hospitals, was added. Laboratory and pilot tests were performed using coupled EC and EO. They used stainless-steel (SS-304) and aluminum (Al-6061) as sacrificial anodes that were compared in acidic and basic pH during EC. The SS-304 rod anode and a titanium (Ti) mesh cathode were used during EC in acidic conditions at a field strength of 3.0 V, which was applied for 60 min. After EC, the solution obtained was filtered to separate precipitates. The supernatant was then treated with EO using an IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti (70:30) anode and the Ti mesh cathode while applying 10 mA for 120 min. The wear of the SS-304 anode was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microanalysis (EDS). Removal of organic compounds, including AMX, was significant. This result was confirmed by decreased concentration found by diode coupled chromatography (UPLC-UV-Vis) detection.In conclusion, combining EC and EO in a sequential arrangement for the treatment of hemodialysis wastewater was carried out. EC was performed using a cylindrical SS-304 bar electrode (f = 0.8 cm) as an anode and a concentric Ti mesh as the counter electrode. A 3.0 V cell potential was maintained over one hour of electrolysis in acidic pH (pH = 5.06, s = 227 mS cm-1). This treatment yielded a removal efficiency of 86 ± 1.25 % of AMX contaminate (pH = 8.21, s = 217.26 mS cm-1, i = 11.36 mA, E = 0.568 kWh m-3). After EC, it was necessary to include a filtration or separation process to remove the Fe(OH)3 and [AMX-cation-AMX] sludge generated (2.3 g). This separation employed a settler. Subsequently, the supernatant was placed in an EO cell to remove residual organic compounds as AMX. It used a similar cell arrangement as in EC but changed the anode to IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti (70:30) (f = 0.5 cm) to perform the EO of the pharmaceutical product. During this step, the team achieved an overall removal efficiency of AMX of 100 % (pH = 8.14, s = 179.83 mS cm-1, E = 500 kWh m-3). EO was performed using a continuous 10 mA cell current for 2 h. EO generated reaction products ADP 1, ADP 2, and ADP 3. Additionally, this process decreased the content of ‘salty’ cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, while generating Cl2 gas at the electrode.

Integrating natural tourmaline with energy conversion ability to magnetically assembled electrode: Boosted electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment performance

Novel anodes are desirable in the development of electrochemical oxidation wastewater treatment (EOWT). Magnetically assembled electrode (MAE) is a novel modular electrode format that physically adsorbs magnetic particles (auxiliary electrodes, AEs) onto the main electrode (ME) by magnetic force which realizes an effective and sustainable EWOT process but puts a new requirement on AEs polarization. Therefore, tourmaline (Tml), a natural mineral with ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, and piezoelectricity, was introduced into the MAE in this study. Tml particles were expected to utilize waste heat or mechanical energies in electrolysis (e.g., Joule heat, bubble strike) and give extra electricity to the stacked AEs (Fe3O4/Sb-SnO2 granules herein) to fully active MAE. Tml’s effects were investigated via different MEs (Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5, graphite, Ti/Sb-SnO2), different wastewater, different Tml sizes, loading amounts, and different conditions (e.g., current density). Results show that all these conditions could affect the buffering of Acid red G degradation, Tml could offer a 10∼40% buff. Medium Tml size and loading as well as low or medium current density (e.g., 2 mA·cm−2 or 20 mA·cm−2) are appropriate. For real wastewater degradation, Tml facilitates macromolecule destruction. This study may start a new application route of abundant natural energy-converting materials in the EOWT area.

Effects of Rare Earth Doping on Structural and Electrocatalytic Properties of Nanostructured TiO2 Nanotubes/SnO2-Sb Electrode for Electrochemical Treatment of Industrial Wastewater

The solvothermal synthesis technique was employed to successfully fabricate a series of rare earth doped SnO2-Sb electrodes on the TNTs array substrate, serving as anode material for electrocatalytic degradation of phenol. The electrode doped with rare earth elements demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity and stability in comparison to the undoped electrode. The influence of adding rare earth elements (i.e., Gd and Nd) into the precursor solution on the structural and property of TNTs/SnO2-Sb electrodes was studied in detail. The results obtained from SEM and XRD indicated that, compared to TNTs/SnO2-Sb-Nd, TNTs/SnO2-Sb-Gd exhibited a finer grain size due to the smaller ionic radius of the Gd element. This facilitated its incorporation into the SnO2 lattice interior and inhibited grain growth, resulting in a significant decrease in particle size for exposing more active sites. The influence mechanism of rare earth doping on electrochemical activity was investigated through XPS, EPR, LSV, EIS and Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation tests. The results demonstrated that the enhanced electrocatalytic activity can be attributed to an increased generation of oxygen vacancies on the electrode surface, which act as active sites for enhancing the adsorption of oxygen species and promoting •OH generation.

Peracetic acid-based electrochemical treatment of sulfamethoxazole and real antibiotic wastewater: Different role of anode and cathode

Although has high oxidation capacity and low toxic by-product formation potential, the feasibility, mechanism, and antibiotic treatment performance of peracetic acid (PAA)-based electrochemical system remains unknown. This work systematically studied the electro-activation process of PAA, and distinguished the different mechanisms of anode and cathode. In the PAA-based electrochemical system, the anode mainly produces BDD(•OH), and the cathode is mainly the R-O• (especially CH3CO3•). These differences lead to different degradation pathway and toxicity evolution of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The anode transformation products (TPs) show negative toxicity and are difficult to be further removed, while TPs from PAA-dominated cathode posed electron-donating effect and a tapering ecological risk. The BDD(•OH) can well mineralize the TPs produced from cathode. Moreover, the active chlorine produced by the anode can effectively avoid the accumulation of NH4+- N released by antibiotic degradation. In an undivided cell, PAA-based treatment for real antibiotic wastewater achieved 73.9%, 59.4%, 76.9%, and 31.7% of COD, TOC, NH4+- N, and TN removal, respectively. More importantly, when PAA existed in this system, the active chlorine and AOCl accumulation are inhibited (inhibition ratio 83.5% and 82.7%, respectively). This study provides theoretical and technical support for the practical application of PAA-based electrochemical system.

Electrochemical treatment of textile wastewater using copper electrodes

The conventional electrode aluminum used in electrocoagulation (EC) for the textile wastewater undergoes pitting type of corrosion, so dissolution of the same is very high during electrolysis. This research focuses on the treatment of real-time textile effluent with copper electrodes that corrode uniformly during electrolysis, with optimizing operating parameters for high color removal efficiency (CRE%). The sludge acquired was analyzed by XPS and XRD to study the mechanism of dye removal. The treated effluent was subjected to phytotoxicity analysis using Vigna radiata to study the toxicity effect of the intermediary products. 98.6% of CRE was attained in treating the effluent with copper electrodes. XPS and XRD results showed that both Cu(OH)2 and CuO served as coagulants in the dye removal. The phytotoxicity results showed that the percentage of germination, shoot and root lengths of Vigna radiata in the treated effluent were similar to the results obtained for the control.

Cr-Doped FeC2O4 Microrods Formed Directly on AISI 420 Stainless Steel to Enhance Electrochemical NO3- Reduction to N2 at Circumneutral pH.

We synthesized low-cost cathodes for use in the electrochemical NO3- reduction reaction (NO3RR) via the simple reconstruction of AISI 420 stainless steel (SS). Thermochemical treatment of the SS in oxalic acid generated iron oxalate (FeC2O4) microrods (BL-SS), with further anodization affording Cr-doped Fe2O3 (R-SS) or FeC2O4 (G-SS). G-SS displayed supreme N2 selectivity during galvanostatic electrolysis at circumneutral pH. Electroanalysis and descriptor/scavenger analysis indicated that Fe sites were the primary active sites of NO3- adsorption, with C2O42- as the H-binding sites. The C2O42- ligands and Cr dopants altered the electronic structures of the Fe sites. A parametric study of the current density, pH, [NO3-]0, and [Cl-]0 indicated an Eley-Rideal N2 generation mechanism, with NO2- as an intermediate. Cl- elevated the N2 selectivity but reduced the NO3RR efficiency. To demonstrate the practical applicability of G-SS with a proposed regeneration strategy, its durability was examined in synthetic and real wastewater matrices. Compared with that in synthetic wastewater, G-SS displayed more stable performance in real wastewater owing to the natural buffering capacity at the cathode, which reduced the corrosion rate. Cr-doped FeC2O4 is viable for use in the low-cost, efficient electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing NO3-.

Packed OV-SnO2-Sb bead-electrodes for enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of micropollutants in water

Electrocatalytic oxidation is an appealing treatment option for emerging micropollutants in wastewater, however, the limited reactive surface area and short service lifetime of planar electrodes hinder their industrial applications. This study introduces an innovative electrochemical wastewater treatment technology that employs packed bead-electrodes (PBE) as a dynamic electrocatalytic filter on a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) acting as a current collector. By using PBE, the electroactive volume is expanded beyond the vicinity of the common planar anode to the thick porous media of PBE with a vast electrocatalytic surface area. This greatly enhances the efficiency of electrochemical degradation of micropollutants. The OV-SnO2-Sb PBE filter achieved a nearly 100 % degradation of moxifloxacin (MOX) in under 2 min of single-pass filtration, with a degradation rate over an order of magnitude higher than the conventional electrochemical oxidation processes. The generation of abundant radical species (•OH) and non-radical species (1O2 and O3), along with the enhanced direct oxidation, led to the outstanding performance of the charged PBE system in MOX degradation. The OV-SnO2-Sb PBE was remarkably stable, and the separation between the electroactive PBE layer and the base Ti anode allows for easy renewal of the bead-electrode materials and scaling up of the system for practical applications. Overall, our study presents a dynamic electroactive PBE that advances the electrocatalytic oxidation technology for effective control of emerging pollutants in the water environment. This technology has the potential to revolutionize electrochemical wastewater treatment and contribute to a more sustainable future environment.