Electrochemical Sensor For Rapid Detection Research Articles

A novel Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor for highly efficient electrochemical detection of sulfamethoxazole

An electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) was constructed by glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Ag/g-C3N4 nanomaterials. The morphology and structure of this sensor were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectoscopy (FT-IR). The effects of scanning rate and pH on the electrochemical response were investigated. The Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor showed that the Ag/g-C3N4/GCE sensor had a low detection limit, high recovery, and good selectivity. The recovery rate of real water samples was between 94.2% ∼ 104.6%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.54% ∼ 4.29%. This innovative electrode proved to be a sensor for sensitive and accurate estimation of SMZ content in water samples.

Machine learning combined with electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Sudan Red I in food

Machine learning combined with electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Sudan Red I in food

Fluorenone Decorated RGO Based Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Chlorpyrifos in Vegetable and Soil Samples

A novel synthetically accessible electrochemical sensor has been developed for the detection of chlorpyrifos (CPS) at a very minimal level by utilizing a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with RGO functionalized fluorenone derivative (RGO-NS). The structural and morphological aspects of the derived composite were assessed by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, DFT with in-depth electrochemical analysis. The fluorenone appended with distinct functionalities has supported the reversible redox reactions of CPS, thus, boosting the specificity of the sensor. The design of the electrochemical sensors involved functionalization of RGO possessing high adsorption capacity, which has further amplified the electrochemical sensitivity. The sensing response has been credited to the reduction associated with hydrogen ion which on addition of CPS gets quenched due to catalytic reaction between the two. The synergy has resulted in the low detection limit of 8.89 ng ml−1 for CPS along with reliable detection of CPS in soil samples without spiking. The framework has the excellent future prospects in the practical management of pernicious pesticides usually employed in agricultral fields and their residues on food products posing a serious danger to human health.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on an Fe–N–C/AuNP nanohybrid for rapid and sensitive gallic acid detection

An Fe–N–C/AuNP nanohybrid was combined with a glassy carbon electrode to construct a novel electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of gallic acid (GA). The sensor exhibited excellent performance to detect GA with a wide linear response range and low detection limit.

Passive Sweat Based Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of IL-6

Introduction: Portable, on demand biosensing has become a key element for rapid detection of disease, particularly conditions that progress rapidly, such as infections and trauma in response to injury. Severe infections or internal traumas caused by injury can rapidly progress from the moment of onset, often before a patient has started to show symptoms, leading to progressive organ damage. In order to promptly get access to treatment, rapid testing for infection/trauma is necessary for individuals who experience a physical injury. When a person undergoes a traumatic injury, the immune system releases inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL6), in response. These cytokines induce inflammation at the site of injury as a defense mechanism against infection and further injury. The inflammatory cytokines are excreted through sweat at levels detectable by an electrochemical sensor. Using a portable, sweat-collecting electrochemical sensor, we have developed a sweat-based sensor that can detect IL6 within ultralow volumes of sweat (1-5 ul) at concentrations as low as 1 pg/ml, for rapid, noninvasive detection of infection and traumatic injury. Materials and Methods: The electrochemical sensor consists of zinc oxide electrodes on a flexible substrate. IL6 antibodies were immobilized onto the sensor surface using a thiol linker chemistry. Sensor response was measured using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) of synthetic sweat dosed with concentrations of IL6 within their physiological ranges. The spike dosing results were verified by a human study, where subjects induced IL6 elevation in their sweat. Results and Discussion: Sensor response to IL6 spike doses in synthetic sweat showed a dose dependent response to concentration of IL6, as illustrated by the Nyquist plot for sensor response to IL6 in Figure 1. These results were verified by the sensor response to pre- and post-exercise sweat of human subjects, which demonstrates an increase in IL6 levels after 10 minutes of anaerobic exercise for all subjects. This increase in IL6 post-exercise was shown to be significant for all subjects with 95% confidence using a paired T test. Conclusion: This study presents a noninvasive electrochemical sensor for rapid and early detection of infection or traumatic injury in response to a physical injury. The sensor exhibits a dose dependent response to IL6, a marker expressed at the time of injury. Sensor capability was demonstrated with human sweat pre- and post-exercise, in order to simulate the conditions following a traumatic injury, for which a significant increase in sensor response post-exercise was observed. Figure 1. Nyquist plot of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy assay of IL6 in synthetic sweat. Figure 1

Electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of fentanyl using laser-induced porous carbon-electrodes.

The growing pervasiveness of opioid-based drugs such as fentanyl and its analogs represent a foremost hazard to the civilian population and burden on the first responders and clinicians. Thus, to enable a rapid and low-cost surveillance system to detect fentanyl in a non-ideal environment, we demonstrate the use of laser-induced nano-porous carbon structures directly onto commercially available polyimide sheets for rapid and cost-effective manufacturing of electrochemical sensors for fentanyl detection. The porous carbon surface instigated by various laser energy densities was analyzed towards morphological, vibrational, and fentanyl sensing properties. The results showed that laser carbonized electrode (LCE) prepared with 31J/cm2 laser energy densities showed the highest level of porosity, surface roughness, and thereby enhanced sensitivity towards fentanyl detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) with a 1µM limit of detection. This new disposable sensor strip offers an information-rich electrochemical fingerprint of fentanyl oxidation at + 0.526V (vs Ag/AgCl) on the surface of laser carbonized electrodes with high linear (R2 = 0.99) sensitivity (0.025 µA⋅µM-1⋅cm-2) and reproducibility (RSD = 5%), within the clinically relevant working range of 20-200µM with similar performance in both PBS and serum samples. The laser carbonized electrode surface was further found to be selective towards fentanyl concentrations in the presence of various cutting agents. This technology could provide a new route towards scalable manufacturing of cost-effective sensors for rapid detection of opioid misuse and potentially save the lives from systemic side effects.

Highly Sensitive Capsaicin Electrochemical Sensor Based on Bimetallic Metal-Organic Framework Nanocage.

The content of capsaicin can be used as exotic markers of kitchen recycled oil. In this study, a bimetallic MOF nanocage (FeIII-HMOF-5) was successfully prepared by a one-step solvothermal method and used for electrode modification to prepare a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of capsaicin. Capsaicin could be selectively immobilized onto the FeIII-HMOF-5 surface during infiltrating adsorption, thus exhibiting very excellent sensing performance. The detection conditions of the sensor were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the electrochemical sensor can linearly detect capsaicin in the range between 1–60 μM with a detection limit of 0.4 μM. In addition, the proposed electrochemical sensor showed excellent stability and selectivity. The real sample tests indicated the proposed electrochemical sensor was comparable to conventional UV spectrophotometry.

Magnetic Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Erythromycin in Meat Products

Magnetic Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Erythromycin in Meat Products

An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on in situ synthesized manganese dioxide/gold nanoparticles nanocomposites for rapid detection of methylmercury in foodstuffs.

The inclusion of methylmercury (CH3Hg+) in the environment and food chain has aroused wide concern due to its high neurotoxicity and cumulative effects. Herein, a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on manganese dioxide (MnO2)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) composites is fabricated for CH3Hg+ detection in food. The MnO2/AuNPs nanocomposites were synthesized in situ on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode by an electrodeposition method and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The resulting MnO2/AuNPs modified electrode exhibited a large active surface area, enhanced conductivity and excellent electrocatalytic activity toward CH3Hg+ due to the synergistic effect of MnO2 and AuNPs. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used as the sensing technique for CH3Hg+, and the stripping peak current showed a good linear relationship with CH3Hg+ concentration in the range of 0.7-15 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.051 μg L-1. Besides, the interference from Hg2+ associated with CH3Hg+ detection can be avoided by the addition of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The as-prepared sensor was applied to detect CH3Hg+ in various food samples with satisfactory recoveries, thus providing a promising platform for rapid screening of methylmercury residues.

Highly efficient detection of chloramphenicol in water using Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles modified laser-induced graphene electrode

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a typical broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is still frequently detected in various water environments. In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed to detect CAP in water environment by loading TiO2 modified with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto the laser-induced graphene (LIG). The Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIG electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle (CA) analysis. The mechanism of the enhancement of electrochemical signal is that the dispersion of CMC promotes the synergistic catalysis of AgNPs and TiO2NPs. The electrochemical properties of the Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIG electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The Ag/CMC@TiO2/ LIG electrode shows a low CAP detection limit of 0.007 μM and a linear response in the range of 0.01 to 100 μM. The sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of CAP in tap water and lake water with recoveries of 93.60% to 105.70% and relative standard deviations of less than 2.08%. These results provide new insights on using carbon based electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of CAP in water environment.

A mobile app integrated portable Electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Organophosphate pesticides in vegetable extract

A hand-held Electrochemical sensor interfaced with a smartphone has been fabricated for rapid and on-site monitoring of organophosphate (OP) in vegetable extract. The simple inexpensive architecture of Universal wireless chemical detector (UWED) tethered with a miniaturized potentiostat powered through rechargeable battery has inspired to construct sensor which, is adaptable to different types of analysis via modulation of the software. Hence, it offers new avenues for fabrication of affordable sensors and wearable devices.

A nanoscale Nd-based metal-organic framework electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Rhodamine B

A novel neodymium-based metal-organic framework (Nd-MOF) {[Nd2(Hpdc)3(H2O)6]·3H2O}n (H3pdc ​= ​1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid) was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and structurally characterized. By dropped onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), the prepared Nd-MOF was applied to construct an efficient electrochemical sensor for the rapid and reliable electrochemical detection of Rhodamine B (RhB). This proposed Nd-MOF/GCE sensor exhibited strong accumulation ability and high electrocatalytic activity for RhB. Electrochemical oxidation signal of RhB at the Nd-MOF/GCE was greatly enhanced as compared to that at the bare GCE. The effective factors such as pH of buffer solution, amount of Nd-MOF suspension and accumulation time were optimized for the quantitative detection of RhB. Under optimum conditions, the fabricated sensor showed two wide linear ranges of 0.08–2.0 and 2.0–40 ​μM with a low detection limit of 3.6 ​nM, which was ascribed to the advantages of Nd-MOF such as large specific surface area, multiple active sites, strong accumulation ability. Moreover, the developed Nd-MOF/GCE sensor displayed good selectivity and accuracy towards RhB detection in the actual samples. Thus, this simple and efficient approach for RhB detection has good prospective for application in environmental monitoring.

Preparation of an Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lead(II) in Blueberries

Preparation of an Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Lead(II) in Blueberries

Magnetic mesoporous carbon material based electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of penicillin sodium in milk.

In recent years, to increase growth rate and prevent infectious diseases, an excessive use of antibiotics in livestock breeding processes has resulted in the presence of antibiotic residues in animal foods. In this experiment, a new kind of electrochemical sensor is prepared based on magnetic mesoporous hollow carbon microspheres (MHM) as a penicillinase (Pen X) adsorption carrier to rapidly detect penicillin sodium (Pen G), named Pen X/MHM/MGCE. The MHM-adsorbed penicillinase can be separated from the solution by magnetic attraction and fixed on a magnetic glassy carbon electrode by physical adsorption, which is easy to operate and avoids the interference of a crosslinking agent at the active site of the enzyme. A differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method is used to immerse the working electrode in test samples containing different concentrations of penicillin sodium solution with 0.5 mg/mL oxidized hematoxylin. According to the quantitative relationship between the current value and the concentration of penicillin sodium, the concentration of penicillin sodium in the tested samples can be determined. The detection range of the sensor is 10-8 to 10-2 mg/mL, the linear relationship is good (R2 = 0.9983), and the detection limit (LOD) is 2.655 × 10-7 mg/mL (S/N = 3). The detection of penicillin sodium in milk using a standard addition method shows good recovery. Furthermore, the proposed method has the advantages of a wide detection range, good enzyme immobilization capacity, good precision and stability, convenient cleaning, and recycling of solid materials. Thus, it can successfully achieve rapid detection in milk samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The sensor provides a low detection limit and high recovery rate of electrode material; therefore, the sensor can realize the rapid and quantitative detection of penicillin sodium in milk.

A simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Clostridium tetani based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Tetanus is a common disease caused by anaerobic bacteria calledClostridium tetaniin deep tissue infections.

A one-step electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of potassium ion based on structure-switching aptamer

A one-step electrochemical sensor for sensing of potassium ion (K+) based on the conformational change of a single stranded DNA (ssDNA) with G-rich sequence was presented. The introduction of K+ induced folding of the aptamer, and the Fc moiety approached the electrode surface to produce measurable electrochemical signals. The aptasensor had a lower detection limit at 0.1nM, which was an excellent sensitivity compared with other methods for K+ detection. The proposed approach showed high selectivity and minimized the nonspecific adsorption, so that it was used for the detection of target K+ in the human serum sample.

Multi-wall carbon nanotube film-based electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Ponceau 4R and Allura Red

The monitoring of synthetic colourants in foods is very important due to their potential toxicity and pathogenicity. Herein, an electrochemical sensor for rapid and simple detection of Ponceau 4R and Allura Red was constructed using multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) sensing film. In pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, two oxidation peaks are observed at 0.56 and 0.68 V for Ponceau 4R and Allura Red. Because of its large surface area and high accumulation efficiency, the MWNT film sensor remarkably enhances the oxidation signals of Ponceau 4R and Allura Red. The detection parameters such as pH value, amount of MWNT, accumulation potential and time were optimised. The MWNT film sensor possesses high sensitivity to Ponceau 4R and Allura Red, and the limits of detection are as low as 15 and 25 μg L −1. Finally, the MWNT sensor was successfully used to detect Ponceau 4R and Allura Red in different soft drinks.