Electrochemical Performance Of Rechargeable Batteries Research Articles

High-Entropy Oxides for Rechargeable Batteries.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered significant attention within the realm of rechargeable batteries owing to their distinctive advantages, which encompass diverse structural attributes, customizable compositions, entropy-driven stabilization effects, and remarkable superionic conductivity. Despite the brilliance of HEOs in energy conversion and storage applications, there is still lacking a comprehensive review for both entry-level and experienced researchers, which succinctly encapsulates the present status and the challenges inherent to HEOs, spanning structural features, intrinsic properties, prevalent synthetic methodologies, and diversified applications in rechargeable batteries. Within this review, the endeavor is to distill the structural characteristics, ionic conductivity, and entropy stabilization effects, explore the practical applications of HEOs in the realm of rechargeable batteries (lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and lithium-sulfur batteries), including anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, and electrocatalysts. The review seeks to furnish an overview of the evolving landscape of HEOs-based cell component materials, shedding light on the progress made and the hurdles encountered, as well as serving as the guidance for HEOs compositions design and optimization strategy to enhance the reversible structural stability, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries in the realm of energy storage and conversion.

Interface Regulation via Electric Double Layer for Rechargeable Batteries.

Interphases, especially the electrochemically formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), are significantly important for cycling stability, reaction kinetics and safety of rechargeable batteries. The structure and composition of the electric double layer (EDL) greatly affect the formation of the SEI and the performance of electrodes. However, as far as we know, there is no review discussing the theme specifically. Herein, the recent substantial progress for EDL and its impact on the formation of SEI in rechargeable batteries are reviewed and discussed. Firstly, the specific adsorption of electrolyte components on electrodes' surface and the ionic solvation structure are introduced. Furthermore, various methods for controlling EDL in different electrode systems are described. Finally, the potential future advancements of the SEI through the manipulation of EDL are discussed, aiming to enhance the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.

Chemical and electrochemical synergistic weaving stable interface enabling longevous zinc plating/stripping process

Dendrites growth and hydrogen evolution reaction of Zn anode greatly hinder the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries. Interface engineering strategies have attracted immense interest in addressing these challenges. Herein, a chemical and electrochemical method is proposed to synergistically weave a stable interface by introducing AgNO3 additive in conventional aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte. The formed compact Ag layer acts as zincophilic sites, which is beneficial for zinc ion nucleation and growth. Consequently, the cell cycled in 2 M ZnSO4 with 3 mM AgNO3 electrolyte exhibits much more stable electrochemical properties than its counterpart. To be specific, the Zn || Zn half cell using the electrolyte with 3 mM AgNO3 shows reversible Zn plating/stripping behavior over 1350 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 with an ultra-low potential hysteresis. Moreover, Zn || V2O5 full cell using the electrolyte with 3 mM AgNO3 exhibits glorious rate capability and more stable cycling performance, attributing to the inhibited zinc dendrites growth by the weaved interfacial layer. This work sheds new light on improving the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.

Alloy-Type Lithium Anode Prepared by Laser Microcladding and Dealloying for Improved Cycling/Rate Performance.

Nanosized alloy-type materials (Si, Ge, Sn, etc.) present superior electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries. However, they fail to guarantee cycling capacity and stability under high mass loading required by industrial applications due to low electric contact and adhesive strength, which has long been a challenge. This work proposes a rational design for an alloy-type anode via facile and versatile laser microcladding and dealloying. The proposed anode features a large-area porous network composed of continuous nano-ligaments, which consist of evenly distributed nanosized alloy-type material metallurgically bonded with conductive material. The fabrication of the structure is validated using Ge-Cu and Sn-Cu anodes, both exhibiting enhanced cycling stability at high areal capacity and rate performance in lithium-ion batteries. The enhancement is attributed to the structural features, which contribute to lithiation-delithiation stability and intact electron/Li ion transference path, as verified by in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy observations. More importantly, the critical solidification conditions of laser microcladding are provided by a multiphysics simulation, allowing for a thorough understanding of the structural formation mechanism. The study provides a possible approach to improve mass loading and performance of an alloy-type anode for practical application.

High-performance effective metal–organic frameworks for electrochemical applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a versatile category of porous coordination polymers which can be differentiated from other porous nanomaterials due to their fascinating properties such as adaptable surface chemistry, tuneable functionalities, and exceedingly large surface area and uniform/controllable pore size. This newly emerging family of materials with such extraordinary attributes has generated strong research interest, making pristine MOFs and MOF based hybrids a potential platform for a diverse range of applications. However, inferior electrical conductivities and poor chemical stabilities in aqueous solutions have narrowed MOF's application base. In this review article, recent advancement in the synthesis techniques of MOFs and the impact of various production parameters on their physical, chemical, and electrochemical characteristics have been discussed in detail. In addition, their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells and electrochemical sensors has been discussed briefly. Furthermore, future research direction and anticipated challenges have also been reviewed.

MXene-Based Aerogel Anchored with Antimony Single Atoms and Quantum Dots for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Rationally electronic structure engineering of nanocomposite electrodes shows great promise for enhancing the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries. Herein, we report antimony single atoms and quantum dots (∼5 nm) codecorated Ti3C2Tx MXene-based aerogels (Sb SQ@MA) for high-performance potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). We found that the atomically dispersed Sb could modify the electronic structure of the Sb/Ti3C2Tx composite, improve the charge transfer kinetics, and enhance the potassium storage capability at the heterointerfaces. Additionally, the MXene-based aerogel with rich surface functional groups and defects provides abundant anchoring sites and endows the composite reinforced structural stability and highly efficient electron transfer. The high loading of Sb (∼60.3 wt %) with short ionic transport pathways is desired potassium reservoirs. These features synergistically enhance the rate and cycling performance of the Sb SQ@MA electrodes in PIBs. This work has demonstrated an enlightening technique to tailor the interface activity of heterostructured electrodes for electrochemical applications.

Highly Stable Zero-Stain Na2MoO4/C Nanocomposite Anode for Long Life Na-Ion Batteries

The structure of the electrode material has been found to affect the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries. Thus, stable structured materials with large tunnels can provide long cyc...

Influence of morphology on electrochemical and capacity performance of open-porous structured electrodes

Organized structures have shown significant improvements in the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries. In this research, we investigated three-dimensionally connected open-porous aluminum alloy (AlSi12) as substrate coated with SiO2 nanoparticles as potential electrode in a Li-ion battery. Effects and morphological characteristics of such structure were investigated through electrochemical experiments. Results showed that the electrode performance was influenced by the pore size of the substrate. When the electrode pore size was decreased from 3000 to 2000 µm, there was a decrease of 140% in the electrode-specific capacity. Comparing with the reference sample that has no pores, the specific capacity can be increased by at least a factor of two when pores are introduced. This is due to the transition from the non-Faradic current in the non-porous non-coated electrode to the Faradic current in the porous coated electrode. This finding opens the potential for future study in kinetics of electrochemical reactions in open-pored hierarchical structures.

Jeffamine‐Based Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries

AbstractRechargeable batteries are important building blocks for a sustainable and electrified society thanks to their strong capability of storing electrical energies under chemical forms. JEFFAMINE®, a series of polyetheramines (PEAs) currently produced by Huntsman Corporation, has been emerging as a promising candidate for accessing high‐performance electrolytes and other cell components of rechargeable batteries. In this review, a brief history of the Jeffamine‐type PEAs and the synthetic chemistry of the Jeffamine‐based polymers are presented. The main applications of the Jeffamine‐based polymers in rechargeable batteries are discussed and highlighted, including various kinds of polymer electrolytes, polymeric binders, redox‐active materials, and interfacial layers stemming from the Jeffamine‐type PEAs. Lastly, future directions on the rational design of Jeffamine‐based materials are provided with the aim of improving the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.

Lab‐Scale In Situ X‐Ray Diffraction Technique for Different Battery Systems: Designs, Applications, and Perspectives

AbstractIn order to meet the growing demands of electric vehicles and portable devices, the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries is required to be further optimized. Above all, it is of vital importance to understand the reaction mechanism of batteries under working states, which requires a direct observation of the complicated reaction process. Thus, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques have been employed in the charge and discharge process to realize real‐time monitoring and provide on‐site information of structural evolutions and phase transitions within electrode materials. In this review, a detailed summary of lab‐scale in situ X‐ray diffraction techniques is given and compared with in situ synchrotron XRD at the same time. First, four typical in situ reaction mechanisms are presented and their distinctive characteristics are introduced in detail. Second, the practical applications of in situ X‐ray diffraction in different battery systems are described with examples after extensive collections. In addition, the design of in situ cells and some noteworthy experimental details in actual testing are also mentioned. Finally, the further development direction of in situ X‐ray diffraction techniques is well prospected.

Atomic-Scale Structure-Property Relationships in Lithium Ion Battery Electrode Materials

Li ion batteries are important components of portable devices, electric vehicles, and smart grids owing to their high energy density, excellent cyclic performance, and safe operation. However, further development of electrode materials for these batteries is needed to satisfy continually increasing performance demands. Typically, both the charge/discharge kinetics and structural stability of these electrode materials depend on the transport and storage properties of the Li ions. High-spatial-resolution information on structural changes and on the strong interaction between electrons and ions is essential for a better understanding of the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries. In this article, we review the known atomic-scale structural changes of these electrode materials during the charge/discharge process, with special emphasis on ion/electron interactions.

Controllable synthesis of high-rate and long cycle-life Na3V2(PO4)3 for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract Structural and morphological control is an effective approach for improvement of electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries. In this paper, three different morphological Na3V2(PO4)3 (irregular shaped, the porous sponge-like and plate like) were successfully prepared through controlling the amount of oxalic acid by a simple two-step reduction method. It is found that the amount of oxalic acid has vital impacts on the morphology of Na3V2(PO4)3; moreover, the morphological evolution and formation mechanism are proposed based on the reactions of different amount of oxalic acid occurring in the two-step reduction process. The excellent electrochemical performances of the porous sponge-like Na3V2(PO4)3 are attributed to the unique morphology. The initial capacity of the porous sponge-like Na3V2(PO4)3 is 101.77 mAh g−1 at 30 C; after 700 cycles, it remains as high as 89.28 mAh g−1 with only 12% capacity loss. When the current density increases to 50 C and 70 C, the capacity retentions of 81% after 600 cycles, and 92.5% after 500 cycles are achieved, respectively.