Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Capacity Research Articles

Electrochemical hydrogen storage in carbon nitride electrode using modified reversible polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

The human population is now through a process of evolution, whereby there is a gradual shift towards the adoption and utilization of alternative energy sources and technologies for energy storage. In this transition process non-availability of renewable energy sources round the clock is one of the key hurdles. It is possible to meet continuous energy demands by storing excess renewable energy as hydrogen. The presented experimental investigation focuses on a modified reversible fuel cell (MRFC) with a solid carbon-based substance (carbon nitride) integrated into it as a host for electrochemical hydrogen storage. The method for electrode fabrication from carbon nitride powder and PTFE binder and a lab-scaled MRFC is disclosed. The developed MRFC with an integrated hydrogen storage electrode is put through electrochemical testing, and the results are presented. Galvanostatic charging and discharging is done, and the results are examined to ascertain the electrode's electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity. The electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the porous carbon nitride electrode is found to be 1.15 wt%, which is comparable to intermetallic metal hydride-based hydrogen storage mediums viz. AB2 and AB5. The obtained results showed the feasibility of a MRFC with an integrated carbon nitride-based hydrogen storage electrode, making it the first device of its kind. Besides, porous carbon nitride is proved to be a potential candidate for reversible electrochemical hydrogen adsorption. This will contribute to the clean energy sector and surely a step forward toward hydrogen economy.

Synthesis, characterization, and structural analysis of (1-x) Eu2Ti2O7 – x ZnO solid solution with a pyrochlore structure: Insights for potential applications in hydrogen storage systems

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a (1-x) Eu2Ti2O7 – x ZnO solid solution with a pyrochlore structure using a solid-state method. The structural investigations of the prepared materials were carried out using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. These techniques confirmed the successful formation of a new non-stoichiometric solid solution with a pyrochlore structure within the compositional range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33, maintaining a cubic structure with the Fd-3m space group. A slight increase in the lattice parameter, a, was observed with higher substitution levels, x. Quantitative analysis using FullProf software revealed the substitution of Zn2+ ions on both Eu3+ and Ti4+ sites, with non-equivalent proportions, leading to vacancies in the anionic sublattice. Furthermore, the electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) capacity of these materials was examined. The pyrochlore solid solution with x = 0.25 exhibited an outstanding discharge capacity of about 1400 mAh/g, surpassing that of other samples. This finding highlights its high potential for hydrogen storage. Consequently, our research yields valuable insights into the synthesis, structural properties, and electrochemical performance of the (1-x) Eu2Ti2O7 – x ZnO solid solution, opening up new possibilities for hydrogen storage.

Tube-on-rod structure of MWCNTs-ammonium cobalt vanadium oxide/ammonium vanadium oxide; evaluation of electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity

Carbon nanostructures have lately been widely used in energy storage systems. This study examines the impact of ammonium cobalt vanadium oxide/ammonium vanadium oxide as electrode materials in hydrogen storage which modifying with carbon nanostructures. The poor conductivity of vanadate-based materials may be improved by adding zero to two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene oxide (GO), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Electrode materials based on (NH4)2V12O27·xH2O/(NH4)2Co2V10O28·16H2O/NH4V3O8 were synthesized by hydrothermal method in the presence of PEG with engineered morphology of one dimensional (ID) nanorods. The carbonous nanocomposites based on GQDs, MWCNTs and GO exhibit a capacity 203, 438 and 28 mAhg−1 after 15 cycles at a current density of 1 mA. The hydrogen storage performance is influenced by various amount of MWCNTs. Increasing the percentage of MWCNTs led to decreasing the capacity. Therefore, optimum electrode materials fabricated in the presence of 5 % MWCNTs which has 1055 mAhg−1 capacity. Therefore, 1D/1D structure of Tube-on-Rod can improve the performance of hydrogen storage in the ammonium cobalt vanadium oxide/ammonium vanadium oxide electrodes.

Prolonging cycling life of AB3-type superlattice alloys by adjusting hydrogen absorption/desorption behaviors of [A2B4] and [AB5] subunits

AB3-type La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys are known for their high electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity. However, their practical application has been hindered by fast capacity degradation. Herein, we managed to improve their cycle life by synchronizing the hydrogen absorption/desorption behaviors of [A2B4] and [AB5] subunits based on a series of AB3-type single-phase La0.60R0.12Mg0.28Ni3 (R = La, Pr, Nd, Gd) superlattice alloys. This is achieved by the preferable occupation of Pr, Nd and Gd in [A2B4] subunits rather than [AB5] subunits compared to La, which decreases the volume difference between [A2B4] and [AB5], significantly reducing the mismatch between [A2B4] and [AB5] during hydrogen absorption/desorption. Resultantly, the microstrain of the R = Gd alloy is only half that of the R = La alloy, leading to enhanced anti-pulverization and anti-oxidation/corrosion resistance, as well as an improved cycle stability. The S100 of the R = Gd alloy is more than 15 % higher than the R = La alloy. Moreover, the plateau pressure is adjusted to a proper level, enabling an increase in the high-rate dischargeability (HRD1500) from 53.6 % (R = La) to 66.4 % (R = Gd). This work provides impressive insights into developing high-performance superlattice hydrogen storage alloys.

Laser radiation, CDs and Pd-NPs: Three influential factors to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of porous silicon

In This study, n-type single-crystal silicon was used to make porous silicon by electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods to investigate the hydrogen storage capacity. Carbon dots are made via a hydrothermal method, and palladium nanoparticles are decorated on porous silicon by electroless and drip processes. The morphology of the structures has been investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and X-ray diffraction. The samples' electrochemical characteristics and hydrogen storage capacity have been studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry methods. The results show that laser irradiation for 0.5 h on the back of silicon wafers during the etching prosses increases the storage capacity in porous silicon by 45%. Adding carbon dots and palladium nanoparticles to porous silicon made by the photoelectrochemical method increases hydrogen storage capacity by 29% and 64%, respectively. The hydrogen storage capacity in porous silicon made by the photoelectrochemical method simultaneously decorated with palladium nanoparticles and carbon dots was 1.02% by weight, which shows an increase of 82% compared to undecorated porous silicon.

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of synthesized heterostructure of hexagonal boron nitride-carbon nano tube

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), also known as white graphene, is attracting much attention as a two-dimensional material, and its applications are developed in diverse fields. In this study, the h-BN particles were utilized as a dopant on the surface of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), to form a heterostructure, synthesized by hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 24 h. Three different amounts (30, 40, and 70 vol%) of h-BN were used. The peak shift and appearance of the nitrogen peak in the results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectra indicated the successful synthesis of the nanostructure of h-BN/CNT. The scanning electron microscopy was carried out to study the morphology and microstructure of achieved heterostructure. To evaluate the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity, the layer of the h-BN/CNT nanostructure was applied to the porous nickel foam through dip coating within 15 min, and then electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostat charge/discharge (GDC) at a KOH 6 M solution at room temperature were carried out. Results showed that with the doping of h-BN, the hydrogen adsorption capacity of the CNT was enhanced due to changes in the morphology of h-BN particles from flake-shape to the spherical and as a result, increasing the active sites of hydrogen adsorption on the surface of the CNT. The maximum specific capacity was achieved 1150 mA h/g for sample with 30 vol% of h-BN.

The Effect of Y Content on Structural and Sorption Properties of A2B7-Type Phase in the La-Y-Ni-Al-Mn System.

Metal hydrides are an interesting group of chemical compounds, able to store hydrogen in a reversible, compact and safe manner. Among them, A2B7-type intermetallic alloys based on La-Mg-Ni have attracted particular attention due to their high electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity (∼400 mAh/g) and extended cycle life. However, the presence of Mg makes their synthesis via conventional metallurgical routes challenging. Replacing Mg with Y is a viable approach. Herein, we present a systematic study for a series of compounds with a nominal composition of La2-xYxNi6.50Mn0.33Al0.17, x = 0.33, 0.67, 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, focusing on the relationship between the material structural properties and hydrogen sorption performances. The results show that while the hydrogen-induced phase amorphization occurs in the Y-poor samples (x < 1.00) already during the first hydrogen absorption, a higher Y content helps to maintain the material crystallinity during the hydrogenation cycles and increases its H-storage capacity (1.37 wt.% for x = 1.00 vs. 1.60 wt.% for x = 1.67 at 50 °C). Thermal conductivity experiments on the studied compositions indicate the importance of thermal transfer between powder individual particles and/or a measuring instrument.

Structural characterization, phase analysis and electrochemical hydrogen storage studies on new pyrochlore SmRETi2O7 (RE = Dy, Ho, and Yb) microstructures

A modified solid-state method was used to synthesize new SmRETi2O7 pyrochlores. The new samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were done by MAUD software to obtain crystallographic parameters. Based on the results, the crystal system of the new SmRETi2O7 pyrochlores was cubic with Fd3m space group. A slight shift in the Bragg positions was observed which was related to the cationic radii of the rare earth cations. The correlation between the structural parameters and the crystallographic data was also done. Besides, the electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) capacity of these pyrochlores were investigated. The holmium-containing oxide structure (SmHoTi2O7) compared to other samples exhibited a higher discharge capacity, about 1340 mAh/g. The results of EHS studies well correlated with the crystallographic data.

A study of relative electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of active materials based on Zn3Mo2O9/ZnO and Zn3Mo2O9/ZnMoO4

The novel electrode materials for hydrogen storage application synthesized with different composition based on zinc molybdate. So, prepared Zn3Mo2O9/ZnMoO4 and Zn3Mo2O9/ZnO compared with pure Zn3Mo2O9 in terms of structural characterization, physical properties and electrochemical activity in the energy storage. Synthesis of these series of materials was conducted through facile hydrothermal process by preparation of MoO3 as precursor. The results show higher capacity of Zn3Mo2O9/ZnMoO4 and Zn3Mo2O9/ZnO nanocomposites than pure Zn3Mo2O9 nanostructures. The hydrogen storage capacity for Zn3Mo2O9/ZnMoO4, Zn3Mo2O9/ZnO and pure Zn3Mo2O9 measured about 1945, 1536 and 1450 mAhg−1 after 15 cycles at constant current of 1 mA in alkaline potassium hydroxide electrolyte, respectively. According to the obtained results, the electrode materials based on zinc molybdate represents perfect capacity for hydrogen storage as talented active materials.

Synthesis, characterization, and investigation of electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity in barium hexaferrite nanocomposite

Hydrogen is considered as one of the most renewable and also efficient fuels. When hydrogen is burned, its only product is water. But the most important issue in the use of hydrogen is its storage. Hydrogen must be stored reversibly in a way that is completely safe and has high storage efficiency. Due to obtaining high-efficiency hydrogen storage, new nanostructures based on barium hexaferrite nanostructures (BaFe12O19) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes BaFe12O19 nanocomposite (BaFe12O19/MWCNTs) are synthesized via sol-gel combustion method. The nanocomposites are confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Further, the hydrogen storage capacity of BaFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite is assessed by chronopotentiometry analysis (CHP). The XRD studies demonstrates that the average crystallite sizes of the BaFe12O19 and nanocomposite are estimated to be about 16.3 and 7.6 nm, respectively. Also, the VSM measurement shows a saturation magnetization values (Ms) of 20.1 and 1.3 emu/g for BaFe12O19 and BaFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite, respectively. The electrochemical consequences indicate that the BaFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite has a high capacity for hydrogen storage and discharge rate. The maximum discharge capacity of BaFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite reaches about 360 mAh/g in the first cycle to approximately 3600 mAh/g after 20 cycles under an optimal current of 2 mA. As a result, the BaFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite showed a good capacity as a promising active ingredient for hydrogen storage devices.

Electrochemical hydrogen storage capacities of sol-gel synthesized Dy3Fe5O12/DyFeO3 nanocomposites: Schiff-base ligand-assisted synthesis and characterization

The nanostructured multiferroic Dy-Fe-O electrode materials for hydrogen storage request are synthesized via H2Salbn assisted sol-gel procedure. H2Salbn Schiff-base ligand plays the dual role of capping agent and fuel. The synthesis parameters affect the purity of obtained samples to form pristine DyFeO3, DyFeO3/Dy3Fe5O12 and Dy3Fe5O12/DyFeO3 compounds. Electrochemical attributes of resulting products are discovered by CV and charge-discharge chronopotentiometry techniques. The discharge capacity for DyFeO3/Dy3Fe5O12 nanocomposites by a high amount of DyFeO3 in the composite texture measured 447 mAhg−1 at a current of 1 mA. However, the discharge capacity for nanocomposites of Dy3Fe5O12/DyFeO3 with a high amount of Dy3Fe5O12 in the composite texture is considered about 257 mAhg−1 at a current of 1 mA. According to the found consequences, the DyFeO3/Dy3Fe5O12 nanocomposites verify appropriate capacity as the probable and capable active material for hydrogen storage policies.

Synthesis of calcium manganese oxide with different constructions as potential materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage

The series of Ca-Mn-O based nanostructures were synthesized through leucine-assisted sol–gel procedure. In order to study the purity and components of samples, the effect of Ca:Mn ratio in the synthesis process was examined. The leucine as ideal fuel and capping agent is selected which led to the preparation of three types of manganate materials including Ca2Mn3O8, Ca2Mn3O8/CaMn3O6 and CaMn3O6 in the Ca:Mn ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 respectively. The structural, chemical and physical properties of resulting samples compared with each other in terms of purity, surface area and magnetic attributes. The ability of Ca-Mn-O materials for electrochemical energy storage was investigated through CV and CP technique in three-electrode cell with 2 M KOH electrolyte. The results show Ca2Mn3O8/CaMn3O6 nanocomposites have the capacity of 604 mAh g−1. The hydrogen storage capacity for pristine CaMn3O6 and pristine Ca2Mn3O8 measured about 287 and 572 mAh g−1 after 15 cycles respectively. According to the obtained results, the Ca2Mn3O8/CaMn3O6 nanocomposites presents ideal electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity as promising active materials in storage systems.

Laser-assisted synthesis of bentonite/Pd nanocomposite and its electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity

Today, the increasing world population has led to increased consumption of fossil fuels for energy production, causing environmental problems. Hydrogen with high energy density can be used as a suitable alternative to fossil fuel sources. Hydrogen atoms can be stored on porous structures by physical interaction. Hence, simple and eco-friendly approaches have been taken to prepare bentonite/Pd nanocomposites for electrochemical hydrogen storage. Laser ablation in the deionized water medium was employed as a physical route for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (NPs). Bentonite, a porous substrate with a high surface area of 47 m2/g, was employed for the deposition of Pd NPs via physical mixing. The morphological study of nanocomposite indicated that the spherically shaped Pd NPs with a diameter of 20–27 nm are successfully deposited on the bentonite substrate. The as-prepared nanocomposites were loaded on stainless steel electrode through drop-casting and their hydrogen storage capacity was determined via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV measurement of the B/Pdx electrodes (x is laser ablation times of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min) in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte at the scan rate of 100 mV/s at room temperature demonstrated good hydrogen storage capacity (37 C/g) and stability during 200 scans.

Electrochemical hydrogen-storage capacity of graphene can achieve a carbon-hydrogen atomic ratio of 1:1

Electrochemical hydrogen-storage capacity of graphene can achieve a carbon-hydrogen atomic ratio of 1:1

Enhanced electrochemical properties of ball-milled LaY2Ni9.5Mn0.5Al0.5 hydrogen storage alloy with graphene

Appropriate graphene were added to the LaY2Ni9.5Mn0.5Al0.5 alloy by mechanical ball milling in order to enhance discharge performance of the raw alloy. The effects of the addition of graphene on the electrochemical and dynamic properties were discussed. The results showed that the LaY2Ni9.5Mn0.5Al0.5 alloy was composed of Gd2Co7 and Ce2Ni7 phase. The addition of graphene and ball milling treatment can significantly improve the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the LaY2Ni9.5Mn0.5Al0.5 alloy. The LaY2Ni9.5Mn0.5Al0.5 milled alloy with the 3 wt % addition of graphene exhibits a superior maximum discharge capacity of 277.4 mAh·g−1 with the capacity retention of 53.9% after 100 cycles, which is higher than that of the raw alloy. The exchange current density I0 of the alloy electrodes and diffusion coefficient of hydrogen D were also improved significantly with graphene-additive. The addition of graphene exhibits obvious advantages for improving the high-rate dischargeability of alloy electrode.

Rapid microwave fabrication of new nanocomposites based on Tb-Fe-O nanostructures for electrochemical hydrogen storage application

Nano-sized Tb-Fe-O (TFO) structures were fabricated via rapid microwave route using Tb(NO3)3·6H2O and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O precursors and verjuice (lemon juice) complexing agent as a surfactant. Verjuice complexing agent including collection of carboxylic acids control nucleation and growth of formed crystals with creation of spatial barrier around the cations, and finally prevent nano-product agglomeration. Changing of parameters in synthesis reaction consisting of surfactant, microwave power and solvent in turn offers a virtuous control over the nanocomposites size and shape which various compositions of pure TbFeO3 nanoparticles, Tb3Fe5O12/TbFeO3 and TbFeO3/Tb3Fe5O12 nanocomposites obtained. The as-prepared Tb-Fe-O nano-products were characterized thorough scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–Vis, BET and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses in terms of crystallinity structure, composition, porosity and morphology. Different forms of Tb-Fe-O nanostructures were evaluated for electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity through chronopotentiometry technique in stable current (1 mA). The achieved Tb-Fe-O nanoparticles could be applied as a favorable candidate active material for electrochemical hydrogen storage. Optical, magnetic and reducible characteristics of Tb-Fe-O nanostructures have positive effect on electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity. It was found out that the TbFeO3/Tb3Fe5O12 nanocomposites have the best electrochemical hydrogen storage performance due to oxidation–reduction process of Fe2+/Fe3+ components which can help to charging-discharging process of hydrogen to increase the storage capability to 490 mAh g−1 after 15 cycles.

Role of morphology in electrochemical hydrogen storage using binary DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites as electrode materials

Hydrogen storage technology is one of the most challenging issues due to the increasing demand for fossil fuel replacement and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In the current paper, the main aim is one-step and eco-friendly preparation of DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites using Barberry fruit extract as natural precursor (with the role of both fuel and capping agent) to compare with various conventional carboxylic acids. To further examine, the effect of different parameters like calcination temperature and the type of the chelating agent was scrutinized to acquire optimum shape, structure, morphology and size of the obtained products. This is the first effort on the investigation of the hydrogen storage capacity of DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites in terms of role of morphology. The electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of obtained DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites was studied mediated by chronopotentiometry charge-discharge methods in KOH medium. The synthesis of nanocomposites in the presence of chemical or natural capping agent (carboxylic acids or Barberry fruit extract) led to different morphologies which affects to the electrochemical performance. As a result, the electrode which is provided by plate-like DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites performed 600.11 mAh/g discharge capacity compared with other samples. Based on the obtained results, DyFeO3-ZnO nanocomposites can be promising compounds to improve the electrochemical performance of hydrogen storage.

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity in tin hexaferrite nanostructures

Tin hexaferrite (SnFe12O19) nanostructures with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are prepared using a novel sol–gel auto-combustion method. The synthesis process is accomplished by reaction between tin chloride and iron (III) nitrate in water, in the presence of a green compound as capping, fuel and reducing agent. The products are characterized by different techniques containing FT-IR, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, BET and CV. Then, the hydrogen storage performance of the nanostructures is electrochemically investigated in alkaline media. The electrochemical data exhibit that the SnFe12O19 nanocomposite (SnFe12O19/MWCNTs) shows high capacity for hydrogen storage, excellent reversibility and rate dischargeability in atmospheric pressure and temperature. The maximum discharge capacity of SnFe12O19/MWCNTs nanocomposite is obtained 360 mAh/g in first cycle and improved to 2050 mAh/g after 15 cycles. This significant storage capacity for hydrogen can be ascribed to its hierarchical architecture, which leads to improving the surface area, decreasing the diffusion pathway and buffering the volume change during cycling.

Green solid-state fabrication of new nanocomposites based on La–Fe–O nanostructures for electrochemical hydrogen storage application

Nano-sized La–Fe–O (LFO) structures were fabricated via novel free-solvent and green solid-state route using La (acac)3. H2O and Fe (acac)3 complex precursors. Acetylacetonate (acac) in organometallic complex precursors control nucleation and growth of formed crystals with creation spatial barrier around the cations, and prevent nano-product agglomeration. The mechanism of role of acac has been explained in nanostructure formation. Changing of parameters in synthesis reaction consisting La:Fe molar ratio, calcination time and temperature in turn offer a virtuous control over the nanocomposites size and shape which various compositions of La2O3/LaFeO3, LaFeO3/La2O3 and LaFeO3/Fe2O3 obtained. The as-prepared La–Fe–O nano-products were characterized thorough Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–Vis, BET and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in terms of crystallinity structure, composition, porosity and morphology. Different formed La–Fe–O nanostructures were evaluated for electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity through chronopotentiometry technique in stable current (1 mA). The achieved La–Fe–O nanoparticles could be applied as a favorable candidate active material for electrochemical hydrogen storage. Optical, magnetic and reducible characteristics of La–Fe–O nanostructures have positive effect on electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity. It was found out that the LaFeO3/Fe2O3 nanocomposites have the best electrochemical hydrogen storage performance due to oxidation-reduction process of Fe2+/Fe3+ components which can help to charge-discharge process of hydrogen to increase the storage capability to 790 mAhg−1 after 20 cycles. Also, the mixed metal oxides illustrate advanced discharge capacity than other binary oxides.

Significantly enhanced electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of biomass nanocomposites from Pistacia Atlantica modified by CuO nanostructures with different morphologies

Pistacia Atlantica biomass was utilized as an activated carbon precursor for the preparation of copper oxide/activated carbon (CuO/AC) nanocomposites and the electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) capacities of copper oxide with different morphologies and provided nanocomposites were studied. Further, the influence of copper oxide pores size upon the EHS capacity was studied through chronopotentiometry system. Under 1 mA current, the discharge capacities of CuO nanoflowers (CuOnf), CuO nanoparticles (CuOnp), Pistacia Atlantica activated carbon (AC), copper oxide nanoflower/activated carbon (CuOnf/AC), and copper oxide nanoparticle/activated carbon (CuOnp/AC) were reached to 650, 850, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mAh/g after 25 cycles, respectively. Outcomes reveal that the coating of copper oxide upon the AC with different pores size leads to get better discharge capacity. Therefore, produced nanostructures with inexpensive and simple manner can be utilized for EHS and can be applied as Renew. Energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels.