Electro-osmotic Parameter Research Articles

Effects of Electroosmosis on Peristaltic Flow of Eyring-Powell Fluid Through a Non-Uniform channel: An Application to Blood flow

This study examines the electroosmotic effects of a non-uniform passage during the peristaltic phase of an Eyring-Powell model fluid. Understanding how the channel walls affect fluid flow issues in biofluid dynamics is the main goal of the study. Integrating the convective boundary conditions into the series perturbation paradigm is the main focus of the work, assuming low Reynolds number and a long wavelength. For temperature, velocity, stream function and concentration, the governing non-linear equations have their solutions found. MATLAB R2023a software is used to demonstrate a graphical presentation of the study's improvements in accessibility through parametric assessment. The research yields important insights, particularly regarding natural phenomena like blood flow in small arteries, which might be utilized for intervention or management in dysfunctional circumstances. As the analysis demonstrates, different viscosities also have a big role in boosting the temperature profiles, and electroosmotic parameters have a major impact on the fluid properties.

Experimental investigation on reducing the interface adhesion of concrete and formwork via electroosmosis approach

Slipform construction is widely used for building deep-buried vertical and inclined shaft concrete linings due to its efficiency and cost advantages. The adhesion of the interface during demoulding is crucial for the efficiency and quality of slip form construction. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to reduce the adhesion between concrete and formwork based on electroosmotic technology. A self-designed concrete electroosmotic demoulding device was developed to simulate the electroosmotic slip-form construction of the shaft lining. The variations in parameters such as current and permeability during electroosmosis were analyzed, and the impact of electroosmotic parameters on the adhesion and demoulding quality of concrete was investigated. The results indicate that the electroosmotic method can significantly reduce the adhesion. Concrete demoulding defects are significantly reduced and smoother after electroosmotic treatment. This study provides a scientific basis and technical support for optimizing concrete construction demoulding technology.

A computational investigation for heat and fluid transport with electro-osmosis phenomenon in a scraped surface heat exchanger

Scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHEs) have prominently shown their eminence in various food, chemical and in pharmaceutical industries when the regular processing of fluids and pertinent materials is encountered. The heat transfer analysis of Williamson fluid flow with electro osmotic effects in a narrow-gap SSHE is designed by implementing constant temperature difference between the gaps of the rotor and the stator. A fluid model is established by using lubrication approximation theory and Debye-Huckel simplifications. The computational solution is elaborated by implementing renowned BVP4C technique in MATLAB. Exact solution of Poisson-Boltzmann equation for different scenarios of SSHE is gathered, whereas solution for velocity, stream functions and temperature in various parts of SSHE are explored computationally. Impact of various crucial physical flow parameters like, Weissenberg number, mobility of the medium number, electro osmotic parameter on the velocity profile, stream function, temperature profile, and pressure gradient has been explored graphically. The numerical solution is compared with artificial neural network (ANN) and an absolute alignment of BVP4C solution is observed with ANN solution. It is reported that fluid flow is lifted with enhancing the viscoelastic behavior and exhibits dual behavior for electroosmosis phenomenon and mobility of medium parameter. Also, it is seen that temperature of the fluid is significantly declines with Weissenberg number and is surges with enhancing mobility of medium and Brinkman number. By increasing the Brinkman number conduction phenomenon is slow down and heat produced due to viscous dissipation, raises the temperature of the fluid. The viscoelastic effect could be of enormous significance in applications, like Polymer processing in certain heat exchangers, and in mixing and blending foodstuffs etc.

Investigation of heat transfer phenomenon in a complex wavy divergent channel under the effects of thermal radiation, joule heating and electroosmosis

The heat transfer analysis in electro osmotic flow of nanofluid is studied through the complex wavy channel under the consideration of joule heat and thermal radiation effects. The Ellis fluid is considered a base fluid and gold particles are suspended in them. The complex system of equations is converted to dimensionless form with the help of dimensionless transformation and parameters. The concepts of longer wavelength and lower Reynolds number are utilized to simplify the problem and obtain the exact solution of velocity and temperature distribution by using the built-in command DSolve in the mathematical software MATHEMATICA 13.3. The graphs are plotted with the same software to check the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, heat transfer rate, and streamlines with the following range of parameters − 5 ≤ U H S ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ β ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ α ≤ 3 , 0 < k ≤ 5 , 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04 , 20 ≤ P r ≤ 28 , 0 ≤ R n ≤ 5 . The computational results reported that the electroosmotic parameter, Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, and material parameter reduce the velocity in the initial region and enhance the final region of the channel. It is also noted that the velocity profile exhibits increasing and decreasing behavior in the initial and final region respectively with upgrading the values of volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. The heat transfer rate is strongly affected by material parameters α and β , thermal radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and joule heating and these parameters promote the heat transfer rate of the system. The novel research of the current study shows the examination of the heat transfer analysis of blood-gold nanofluid in the presence of an electrical double layer and thermal radiation with the help of the Ellis nanofluid flow model through a complex symmetric wavy channel. The results of the present investigation are useful for the early detection of renal diseases and monitoring of disease progression because of the unique properties of gold nanoparticles. The role of gold nanoparticles as imaging agents, drug delivery antioxidant properties, biosensing, targeted therapy, and renal clearance makes them the perfect choice for renal diseases.

Electro osmotic flow of nanofluids within a porous symmetric tapered ciliated channel

AbstractIn this investigation, a comprehensive study has been made to reveal electro osmosis flow through a tapered ciliated symmetric porous channel. The flow is initiated due to metachronal dynamics of cilia. Axial electric field is deployed and thermal radiation phenomenon is scrutinised by applying convective conditions. The equations tackling the flow are non dimensionalized and simplified by capitalizing the low Reynolds number and long wave length approximations. Analytical solution is presented for well reputed Poissson equation and the axial velocity. Whereas, traverse velocity, temperature and nanofluids concentration profiles are examined numerically in MATHEMATICA. Variation of emerging crucial parameters on the velocity profile, temperature and concentration profiles, pressure gradient, pressure rise per wavelength, and on the velocity distribution inside the micro ciliated are exhibited with the aid of graphical deliberations. It worth to mention in this work that in case of tapered channel transverse velocity also has significant contribution in the flow, which is observed trivial in symmetric and non‐symmetric channel flows. Temperature of the nanofluid in the ciliated tapered channel is raised with permeability and thermal radiations phenomena and can be controlled with Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocity, and electroosmotic parameter. Pumping phenomena is affected with increase in Helmholtz Smoluchowski velocity and permeability. Reported investigation cover a informative insight about biological fluid system, may be beneficial for the understanding the flow through ductus efferentes of human reproductive tract since it assumed that cilia are responsible for the transport of sperm from rete testis to the epididymis, also have worth in cilia designed bio‐sensors and in certain drug delivery systems.

Intelligent computing for the electro-osmotically modulated peristaltic pumping of blood-based nanofluid

The study delves into a novel application of artificial neural networks within the biomedical realm, specifically focusing on the peristaltic pumping of ionized blood-infused nanofluid using the Casson model. The investigation takes into account the impacts of electrokinetic forces, chemical reaction, thermal radiation and variable thermal conductivity. The endorsed nanofluid model encompasses both thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions. The Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations are used to characterize electroosmotic process. The mathematical model is then numerically solved using NDSolve in Mathematica. The variation in relevant hemodynamic characteristics concerning key flow parameters is explored through numerous graphical representations. Two distinct artificial neural networks have been developed to estimate values for rates of mass and heat transfer. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used as the training algorithm in network models with multi-layer perceptron architecture. Graphical inspection of the results demonstrates a decrease in blood flow with an elevated Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity. A lower pressure gradient is recorded with a higher electroosmotic parameter. Furthermore, an augmentation in the thermal conductivity parameter leads to a reduction in heat transfer rate at the wall. The concentration profile demonstrates an increase with a rise in the chemical reaction parameter. The results obtained from the neural network models exhibit an ideal harmony with the target values. The developed neural network models demonstrated the ability to predict rates of heat and mass transfer values with average deviations of −0.01% and 0.004%, respectively.

Demonstration of angioplasty using a balloon catheter in tetra-hybrid nano-bloodstream within an electrified stenotic arterial cavity under a magnetic field: Artificial neural network analysis

This article focuses on the critical role of advanced computational techniques in enhancing medical diagnostics and treatment planning, especially in procedures like angioplasty. It presents a detailed examination of ballooned catheterization (balloon angioplasty) in a bloodstream carrying tetra-hybrid nanoparticles within a negatively charged stenotic arterial cavity, influenced by a magnetic field. The study models the streaming of blood, considering factors like heat generation, Joule heating, interfacial nanolayers, nanoparticle size, and velocity and thermal slip conditions. The model simplifies complex dynamics through the lubricant and Debye–Hückel linearization approaches and employs the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving dimensionless equations. Mathematica and Matlab are used to illustrate key parameters like velocity, temperature, pressure gradient, wall shear stress (WSS), heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and blood bolus trapping. The study reveals that increasing the balloon catheter’s height boosts blood velocity in the annulus’s central zone, while a thicker interfacial nanolayer diminishes blood temperature and HTC. Larger nanoparticles elevate the blood temperature profile, and increased electro-osmotic parameters enhance the pressure gradient. The tetra-hybrid nano-blood (THNB) shows superior HTC compared to other forms. The study also delves into bolus trapping phenomena, emphasizing the significant changes induced by electro-osmotic forces. Additionally, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, developed using HPM-derived data, accurately predicts WSS and HTC, achieving high accuracy rates of 99.97% in testing and 99.92% in validation for THNB flow. This study paves the way for more targeted, safer, and efficient use of balloon catheters in treating arterial blockages, significantly impacting cardiovascular medicine and patient care.

Studying the effects of electro-osmotic and several parameters on blood flow in stenotic arteries using CAGHPM

In this investigation, a new approach is proposed to study blood flow through a stenotic artery under the impact of electro-osmosis and several other main parameters. The new approach depends on the Chebyshev series, the Akbari-Ganji method, and the new homotopy perturbation method named the Chebyshev Akbari-Ganji homotopy perturbation method (CAGHPM). The validity of the proposed method was ensured by the good agreement of its results with the results obtained by other methods mentioned in previous studies. The influences of the electro-osmotic parameter and the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity, as well as the inclination angle, magnetic field, porosity, and chemical reaction, are discussed in terms of the velocity, temperature, wall shear stress, and concentration of blood flow. The results obtained by using the CAGHPM are more accurate than those obtained by other methods used to solve the current problem. Furthermore, error tables, figures, and convergence analysis theoretically and computationally show the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed new method.

Impact of electro-osmotic, activation energy and chemical reaction on Sisko fluid over Darcy–Forchheimer porous stretching cylinder

This study provides numerical solution for two-dimensional electro-osmotically motivated electro-magneto-hydrodynamic Sisko fluid through an elongating porous cylinder. The electro-osmotic, activation energy with chemical reaction are also interpreted for this flow model. The numerical equations that govern this flow problem are renewed into dimensionless form by applying appropriate transformations exploiting Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth order through shooting technique method. The after-effects are illustrated as graphs for the concerned physical parameters and their impact on convection and conduction is also studied. The velocity rises for electro-osmotic parameter whereas drops for magnetic and porous parameter. The temperature shows an increasing profile for the curvature, electric and thermal conductivity parameter while decreases for Prandtl number. The concentration of nanoparticles in the fluid boosts for activation energy but deflates for curvature parameter. The present findings appear to be in good accord when compared to earlier published studies. Numerous opportunities and applications are presented by applying electro-osmotic forces to non-Newtonian fluid flow, especially in the fields of nanotechnology, electro-kinetics and micro-fluids. The current study can be applied to design effective electro-magnetic devices, particularly in certain thermal transport characteristic regime. The main findings demonstrate the great utility of electro-osmosis in micro-fluidic devices, chemical analysis, soil analysis and cement slurries for managing flow and heat transmission.

Nanoparticle aggregation and electro-osmotic propulsion in peristaltic transport of third-grade nanofluids through porous tube

In the modern era, the utilization of electro-kinetic-driven microfluidic pumping procedures spans various biomedical and physiological domains. The present study introduces a mathematical framework for characterizing the hemodynamics of peristaltic blood flow within a porous tube infused with ZrO2 nanoparticles. This model delves into the interactions between buoyancy, electro-osmotic forces, and aggregated nanoparticles to discern their influence on blood flow. We employ a third-grade fluid model to elucidate the rheological behavior of the pseudoplastic fluid which refers to its response to applied shear stress, specifically the relationship between shear rate and viscosity. The collective influence of accommodating heat convection, joule heating and aggregated nanoparticles contributes to the thermal behavior of fluids. The distribution of electric potential within the electric double layer (EDL) is predicted by solving the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. The rescaled equations are simplified using the lubrication and Debye-Hückel models as the underlying frameworks. The novel homotopy perturbation method is employed to obtain solutions for the finalized non-linear partial differential equation. Theoretical assessment of hemodynamic impacts involves plotting graphical configurations for various emerging parameters. As electro-osmotic parameter increase, the bloodstream encounters greater impedance, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of electro-osmotic assistance. Concurrently, elevated convective heat markedly reduces the rate of heat transfer, potentially resulting in a drop in blood temperature. It is important to note that maximum shear stress occurs when the artery is positioned horizontally, underscoring the significant impact of arterial alignment on wall shear stress. Skin friction intensifies with the increasing wall permeability as aggregated nanofluids pass through the arterial conduit. Therefore, aggregation of nanoparticles into the bloodstream yields a broader spectrum of distinctive physiological features. In summary, these findings enable more effective tool and device designs for addressing medication administration challenges and electro-therapies.

Exploring microrotational effects and temperature variations in electroosmotic peristalsis in tapered microchannel

AbstractThe current study is based on the effects of microrotational dynamics, microinertial effects, and temperature changes on electroosmotic peristalsis in a tapered microchannel. This has been addressed by an analytical study of heat transfer in the setting of electroosmotic peristaltic flow involving a micropolar fluid, specifically considering a symmetrically tapered channel. The Navier–Stokes equation, the Poisson–Boltzmann equation, the energy equation, and the micropolar fluid model are all included in the mathematical model. On the flow and temperature fields, a thorough parametric analysis is carried out, investigating the impacts of numerous variables, including the micropolar parameter, Prandtl number, Brinkman number, Grashof number, thermal conductivity ratio, and channel aspect ratio. The findings show that peristalsis and electroosmosis both contribute to higher heat transfer rates. Notably, the electroosmotic parameter and Brinkman number have a substantial impact on the distribution of temperature. The micropolar parameter and Brinkman number have a significant effect on the flow and temperature fields. Furthermore, electrokinetic phenomena are crucial in controlling the axial and spin velocities of the micropolar fluid. These findings have significant ramifications for the design and optimization of microfluidic devices in engineering and biomedical applications that employ the electroosmotic peristaltic flow of micropolar fluids.

Analysis of Electroosmotically Modulated Peristaltic Transport of Third Grade Fluid in a Microtube Considering Slip-Dependent Zeta Potential

Abstract The present study investigates electro-osmotically modulated peristaltic transport of third-grade fluid through a microtube taking into consideration the intricate coupling of zeta potential and hydrodynamic slippage. The analytical results encompass the mathematical expressions for dimensionless electrical potential distribution as well as series solutions for stream function and axial pressure gradient up to first order utilizing the perturbation technique for small Deborah number coupled with the Cauchy product for infinite series. Critical values and ranges of wavelength have been obtained where the axial pressure gradient vanishes. Moreover, pivotal values and ranges of wavelength have also been noted for the invariance of pressure gradient with respect to Deborah number as well as Debye–Hückel parameter. Trapping phenomenon has also been investigated by contours of streamlines wherein the zones of recirculation or trapped boluses are formed predominantly near the microtube walls. Additionally, the relative enhancement in hydrodynamic slippage amplifies the trapped bolus size, whereas a diminishing behavior on bolus size is observed by the electro-osmotic parameter.

Complex cilia-generated flow of hybrid nanofluid with electroosmosis, viscous dissipation and slippage

In this study, we investigated how electroosmsis, viscous dissipation, and slippage affect the peristaltic flow of complex cilia-generated flow of hybrid nanofluid in a ciliated tube. The complex cilia-generated flow is characterized by a complex sinusoidal wave that transmits along the wall of the tube with a uniform speed having distinct amplitudes. The main objective of this work is to examine how this complex cilia on the wall drives the hybrid nanofluid flow under electroosmosis. The Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation is used to model the electroosmosis, and the Poisson equation is solved analytically using the Debye-Huckel approximation. The lubrication approach is utilized to simplify the governing equations. The governing non-dimensional equations for hybrid nanofluid are solved exactly using the DSolve command of Mathematica. The results are presented graphically to accomplish the theoretical results from the complex-cilia wave evolution from the necessary flow parameters in an asymmetric tube. The study shows that increasing the electroosmotic parameter leads to an increase in the velocity profile at the boundary and a decrease in the middle of the tube. Conversely, the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity parameter has the opposite effect. The Brinkman parameter increases the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid. The study also presents a graphical analysis of pressure rise and pressure gradient for various values of the parameters. The pressure rise against volumetric flow is rate and pressure gradient increases by increasing the electroosmotic parameter and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski parameter, while it decreases for increasing the velocity slip parameter. The streamlines are drawn to study the trapping phenomena of blood in the hybrid nanofluid flow in an asymmetric tube by the formation of bolus and the division of streamlines. It is observed that the size and number of bolus close to the artery walls increases for electroosmotic parameter while reverse behavior is observed for Helmholtz-Smoluchowski parameter. The tabular presentation of the heat transfer coefficient at the wall is presented. The current results can be used in bio mathematical models to control fluid flow through micro-channels and to investigate ways to cure artery blockages and cancer tumors in biomedicine. The study can also be used to design and optimize microfluidic devices for drug delivery, lab-on-a-chip devices, and other biomedical applications.

Electrohydrodynamic peristaltic microfluidic flow with thermal and molecular analysis featuring sloped configurations

This study examines the simultaneous impacts of thermal and molecular transfer of non-Newtonian fluid propelled by the collective impact of electroosmosis and peristaltic pumping via inclined channel. Internal frictional heating and heat generation are also taken into consideration. The electrohydrodynamic phenomenon is described by the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation. The problem is modulated mathematically through a system of coupled non-linear differential equations in wave frame of reference. Using the regular perturbation method around a small wave number δ, we obtain sequential solutions for stream function ψ, electric potential ϕ, velocity u, pressure gradient dpdx, temperature θ and concentration Ω distributions. The influences of newly arising parameters such as the electroosmotic parameter me, relaxation time parameter λ1, retardation time parameter λ2, wave number δ, Reynold’s number Re, heat generation parameter β, Prandtl number Pr, Schmidt number Sc, Froude number Fr and Soret number Sr on physical characteristics are analyzed graphically. There is an inverse correlation between the parameters of relaxation time and retardation time and their effects on axial velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions. In particular, the temperature of the fluid increases as the EDL parameter, relaxation time parameter, viscous dissipation parameter, and Reynolds number increase, but decreases as the retardation time parameter increases. Moreover, the axial pressure gradient increases as Reynolds number and inclination angle increase, while it decreases as Froude number increases. The current model has applicability in the chemical industry, reservoir engineering, micro-fabrication, and biomedical applications, where electroosmotic effects on heat and mass movement are crucial.

Peristalsis of Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid possessing variable thermal conductivity regulated by electroosmosis via an expanding asymmetric channel

Peristalsis of non-Newtonian nanofluid via a non-uniform conduit has several applications in physiology and industry. This study proposes a mathematical model as well as exploration of the impacts of entropy generation for peristalsis of magneto nanofluid with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity via an expanding asymmetric channel. Buongiorno’s model for study of nanofluid flow has been adopted. Rheological aspects are accounted using the Carreau–Yasuda model due to its experimentally validated significance. Impacts of applied electric and magnetic fields have been taken into account. Thermophoresis, ohmic heating, viscous heating and Brownian motion effects are incorporated in the model. Numerical method is used via NDSolve in Mathematica after implementing the lubrication approach and Debye–Huckel linearization. The effects of embedded parameters on the flow, heat transfer, entropy generation and Bejan number are studied using graphical depictions. Outcomes indicate that a rise in electroosmotic parameter enhances heat transfer rate, whereas it reduces entropy generation and mass transfer rate at the boundary. Therefore, this study can provide basics to study nanofluidic systems which has applications in drug delivery. Increasing trends for temperature, heat transfer rate and entropy generation, while declining trends in the concentration of the particles are noted for higher joule heating.

Influence of chemical reaction on electro-osmotic flow of nanofluid through convergent multi-sinusoidal passages

AimIn the present study, the influences of chemical reactions on heat transfer and the peristaltic pumping of nanofluid in a convergent channel are analyzed. This mathematical analysis is looked at under the postulates of greater wavelength and smaller Reynold's number. Research methodologyThe governing equations are initially transformed from fixed to a wave frame by using linear transformations. Furthermore, these transformed equations are non-dimensioned with the help of similarity variables. Due to the complex form of non-dimensional flow equations, numerical solutions for velocity profile, stream function, temperature profile, and nanoparticle concentration are obtained with the help of Mathematica 11.0 software. These numerical solutions are described via graphs in Mathematica software. These numerical solutions are plotted for numerous rheological parameters. The transportation of nanofluid is based upon multi-sinusoidal natures (cosine wave, sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, sawtooth wave) of peristaltic waves. OutcomesIt is found that with an increasing heat source parameter, the channel flow is decelerated due to the magnitudes of velocity profile and stream function are reduced. While sharp enhancements are noticed in both temperature and nanoparticle concentration by increasing the heat source parameter under chemical reaction effects. The high temperature is obtained with larger chemical reactions. The contrast among viscous and non-viscous fluids is also addressed. A significant enhancement is observed in both velocity profile and stream function by increasing the electroosmotic parameter. Significances and applicationsThe study is relevant to nano-cooling systems, drug delivery systems, and microfluidic pumps where laminar flows in convergent domains arise. This model is significant for the thermal enhancement of mechanical and chemical rheological processes.

Electroosmotic flow and heat transfer characteristics of a class of biofluids in microchannels at high Zeta potential

Peristalsis is an important dynamic phenomenon in the field of biomedical research, and has great application prospects in microscale fluids. In recent years, this biomimetic (peristaltic) phenomenon has gained widespread attention due to its large-scale applications in various medical and industrial fields, such as radiation therapy, peristaltic blood pumps, and drug delivery systems. In this study, the electroosmotic flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated under high wall Zeta potential and slip boundary conditions for a certain type of biological fluid that satisfies the Newtonian fluid model. Fluid flows under the joint action of external electric field, magnetic field, and Joule heating. Firstly, without using the Debye-Hückel linear approximation, the numerical solutions are given by using the Chebyshev spectral method for the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, the fourth-order differential equation satisfied by the stream function, and the thermal energy equation. The results are compared with those obtained by using the Debye-Hückel linear approximation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical method used in this study. 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ELECTROTHERMO-RHEOLOGICAL PERISTALSIS: INVESTIGATING VELOCITY SLIP AND MODIFIED DARCY’S POROSITY EFFECTS

This study examines velocity slip and modified Darcy's porosity in an incompressible Carreau material flowing through an inclined channel under the influence of electroosmotic peristalsis. Modified Darcy's resistance, Gauss's law, and Carreau model equations are utilized in the fundamental equations of motion, Poisson's equation, and heat transfer equation. The objectives and methodology of the study are specified in order to effectively discuss the model results. The governing equations are susceptible to long wave and Debye-Huckle approximations. The non-dimensionalized equations identify controlling variables that facilitate the detection of temperature, velocity, and pressure gradients. Mathematica is used to solve the resultant nonlinear problem in order to analyze the variation in physical quantities of interest and temperature in the Carreau fluid flow pattern. The investigation provides primary findings, including quantitative statistics regarding velocity slip, modified Darcy's porosity, and temperature distribution. The results of the nonlinear system are graphically analyzed and discussed. It is noticed that higher values of electroosmotic parameter cause a decrease in temperature profiles, while a rise in Darcy's number causes a rise in the axial velocity's magnitude. Understanding the behaviors of Carreau fluids under the influence of electroosmotic peristalsis has potential applications in a vast array of biological microfluidic devices.

Application of machine learning in the investigation of entropy generation incurred during electroosmotic flows of Casson nanofluid

The present research article delves into the application of machine learning techniques in the study of entropy generation arising from the electro‐MHD Casson nanofluid flow in a symmetric microchannel. The inertial effect on fluid flow through a non‐Darcy porous medium is considered where we have taken into account the velocity, thermal, and concentration slips at boundaries. The resulting system of PDEs is converted to system of ODEs using appropriate wave frame transformations. The metamorphosed system is solved using bvp4c routine of MATLAB. The impact of several factors represented by respective parameters on velocity, nanofluid temperature, fraction of nanoparticles, entropy generation, and Bejan number are shown through graphs. This study also employs a machine learning technique in which Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used in conjunction with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to develop a predictive model capable of optimizing entropy generation within this specific fluidic context. Such an analysis could be useful in determining the optimum entropy generation in pulsatile transport of physiological fluid through intestine. With the use of above mentioned machine learning technique, the considered model offers the minimum entropy generation for specific values of the electroosmotic parameter, dimensionless temperature difference, and velocity slip parameter. It is observed that the flow with minimum electroosmosis effect and maintained at a specific velocity slip gives the optimal entropy generation.

Numerical treatment and global error estimation for thermal electro-osmosis effect on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow with time periodic variations

The essential purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of time-periodic variations on mixed convection heat transfer for MHD Eyring-Powell nanofluid. The fluid flows through a non-Darcy porous medium over an infinite vertical plate. The effects of viscous dissipation, Ohmic dissipation, electro-osmosis force, heat source, thermal radiation, Dufour feature, and chemical reaction are presumed. The system of partial differential equations which governs the problem is transformed into a system of non-linear algebraic equations and then an explicit finite difference approach is espoused to solve these nonlinear algebraic equations. The numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration distributions are computed and displayed through a set of graphs. Also, the skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are computed numerically for various values of the physical parameters. It is found that the velocity becomes greater with an elevation in the value of the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity. Meanwhile, it enlarges with rising in the value of the electro-osmotic parameter. The rise in the value of the thermal radiation parameter causes a dwindling influence on both temperature and nanoparticles concentration. Investigations of these effects together are very useful due to their important vital applications in various scientific fields, especially in medicine and medical industries, such as endoscopes, respirators, and diverse medical implementations, as nanoparticles can be utilized in the remedy of cancer tumors. Additionally, electroosmotic flow is important due to its ability to control fluid movement and enhance mass transport, making it valuable in various application such as sample separation, drug delivery, and DNA analysis, offering enhanced efficiency and sensitivity.