Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Research Articles

Vestibular disorders in blast injuries: additional symptoms

Previously, we showed that Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) participants had significant complaints of vestibular disturbances, objective and subjective vertigo, kinetosis. One hundred and ten patients were examined, including 65 participants of ATO with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), 44 non-ATO without mTBI. The questionnaire “Types of dizziness” was used according to the International Clinical Protocol for Vertigo Disorders (Dizziness). Complaints of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were found in 27 (43.08 %) ATO and 7 (15.91 %) non-ATO patients, F-test = = 0.04, T-test = 0.0026. Thus, complaints of OKN turned out to be a specific feature of patients with blast injury syndrome. Complaints of nausea were detected in 38 (58.46 %) ATO and 11 (25.00 %) non-ATO patients, F-test = 0.38, T-test = 0.00035, indicating that this complaint is present and quantitatively more pronounced in ATO patients, but it is not specific for patients with mTBI. Complaints of vomiting were found in 19 (29.23 %) ATO and 11 (13.64 %) non-ATO patients, F-test = 0.055, T-test = 0.046, showing that this complaint is not typical for patients with mTBI. Complaints of anxiety without a reason were detected in 35 (53.85 %) ATO and 15 (34.09 %) non-ATO patients, F-test = 0.75, T-test = 0.041. Thus, this complaint is present and quantitatively more significant in ATO patients. Complaints of blackout were found in 41 (63.08 %) ATO and 16 (36.36 %) non-ATO patients, F-test = 0.98, T-test = 0.006, demonstrating that this complaint is present and quantitatively more pronounced in ATO patients, but it is not specific for patients with mTBI. Complaints of depression and numbness did not differ reliably according to the statistical indicators used. There were certain correlations. OKN: with scotomas in migraine headaches, kinetoses, descendophobia, and nyctophobia. Nausea: with severity of dizziness, vomiting episodes, blackouts, migraine headaches, increased heart rate, kinetoses, nyctophobia, claustrophobia. Vomiting: with ascendophobia, migraine headaches, increased heart rate. Anxiety without a reason: with impaired movement coordination, depression, blackouts, hyperacusis, weather sensitivity, ascendophobia. Depression without a reason: with subjective vertigo, agoraphobia, blackouts, numbness, throbbing headaches, weather sensitivity, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, increased heart rate. Blackouts: with weight gain, objective vertigo, orthostatic and throbbing headache. Numbness: with dizziness and its severity, agoraphobia, ascendophobia, migraine headaches and increased heart rate. Correlations are discussed from the point of view of vestibular dysfunction.

A Woman aged 82 years with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity since Almost Four Decades Developed the Microwave Syndrome after Installation of 5G Base Stations in her Living Vicinity – Ethical Principles in Medicine are violated

A Woman aged 82 years with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity since Almost Four Decades Developed the Microwave Syndrome after Installation of 5G Base Stations in her Living Vicinity – Ethical Principles in Medicine are violated

Impact of electromagnetic pollution on human health: a bibliometric review

This bibliometric review aimed to analyze publications on electromagnetic pollution and the development of diseases in humans. EMBASE, Scopus, National Library of Medicine - Medline via PubMed, Web of Science and Virtual Health Library were searched in April and May 2023. Rayyan® was used to remove duplicates and select studies. The selection resulted in 10 articles. IRaMuTeQ® was used to analyze the textual corpus. The Descending Hierarchical Classification generated five classes: exposure to electromagnetic field and impact on health (Class 1); base stations and cell phones: impact on health (Classes 2 and 3); and measurement of exposure to magnetic fields at different periods, especially in pregnant women (Classes 3 and 4). In conclusion, the literature shows that exposure to electromagnetic fields from base stations, telephone antennas and cell phones can impact human health, with the occurrence of neoplasms, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, blood oxidative stress, congenital defects, between others.

Combined Neurological Syndrome in Electrohypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Clinical Study of 2018 Cases

From a cohort of 2018 evaluable consecutive cases issued from the European Clinical Trial Database, we describe the complete clinical symptomatic presentation of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and their association in the framework of a unique, sensitivity-related environmental neurologic syndrome. Eligibility criteria are those of the Atlanta consensus meeting for MCS, and those of WHO for EHS. There were 1428 EHS, 85 MCS and 505 EHS/MCS evaluable cases, so EHS was associated with MCS in 25%. Women appeared to be much more susceptible to EHS and/or to MCS than men, with no statistical significance between the EHS and MCS groups (p = 0.07), but the combined group revealed a more significant female sex ratio of 80.4% (p < 0.0001). All symptoms except emotional behavior were significantly more frequent in EHS patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). We found no pathognomonic symptoms to establish the diagnosis of both disorders or to distinguish EHS from MCS. The three groups of patients were found to share identical symptoms, while several symptoms were found to be more significantly frequent in EHS/MCS than in EHS (p < 0.0001). From these data, we suggest that EHS and MCS are new brain disorders, generated via a common etiopathogenic mechanism.

Assessment of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome in Subjects Lived Near Mobile Phone Base Station: Gender Based Study

Background: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) is subjective clinical ‎signs and symptoms caused by exposure to the electromagnetic field.
 Objective: To show the gender distribution of each category of EHS in people who lived near the mobile ‎phone base station. ‎
 Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the College of Medicine, University of Diyala. A total number of 196 individuals (128 men and 68 women) ‎lived within a 1500 m distance away from the mobile phone base station in the Diyala ‎province in the North East of Baghdad-Iraq included in the study. The authors ‎interviewed the participants and completed the EHS questionnaires.
 Results: Participants reported high scores of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and mood ‎fluctuation compared with other complaints. Men had significantly higher scores of ‎transient deafness and migraine-like headache compared with women. There were no ‎significant differences between men and women with subjective signs and symptoms ‎related to the cardiovascular system or skin. Multi-variable linear regression data ‎revealed a significant correlation (R=0.253) between the total scores of EHS with the ‎age, distance from the base station, and the onset of the illnesses). ‎
 Conclusion: We conclude that men who lived in the vicinity of the mobile phone base ‎station are significantly vulnerable to sleep disorder, anxiety, and fluctuation of ‎mood induced by electromagnetic radiation.

Assessment of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Syndrome in Subjects Lived Near Mobile Phone Base Station: Gender Based Study

Background: Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) is subjective clinical ‎signs and symptoms caused by exposure to the electromagnetic field. Objective: To show the gender distribution of each category of EHS in people who lived near the mobile ‎phone base station. ‎ Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the College of Medicine, University of Diyala. A total number of 196 individuals (128 men and 68 women) ‎lived within a 1500 m distance away from the mobile phone base station in the Diyala ‎province in the North East of Baghdad-Iraq included in the study. The authors ‎interviewed the participants and completed the EHS questionnaires. Results: Participants reported high scores of sleep disturbances, anxiety, and mood ‎fluctuation compared with other complaints. Men had significantly higher scores of ‎transient deafness and migraine-like headache compared with women. There were no ‎significant differences between men and women with subjective signs and symptoms ‎related to the cardiovascular system or skin. Multi-variable linear regression data ‎revealed a significant correlation (R=0.253) between the total scores of EHS with the ‎age, distance from the base station, and the onset of the illnesses). ‎ Conclusion: We conclude that men who lived in the vicinity of the mobile phone base ‎station are significantly vulnerable to sleep disorder, anxiety, and fluctuation of ‎mood induced by electromagnetic radiation. Keywords: electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome; mobile phone base station; gender; central nervous system.

Prevalence and correlation of multiple chemical sensitivity and electromagnetic hypersensitivity with age, sex, and depression in the Japanese population: a retrospective study

BackgroundIn Japan, there are currently no definitive conclusions regarding the characteristics of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlation of MCS and EHS with age, sex, and depression in the Japanese population.MethodsAn anonymous self-report questionnaire was distributed to 2,007 participants. Variables such as MCS, EHS, depression score, and demographic characteristics were individually evaluated using the U-test, chi-squared test, and correlation analyses. Moreover, we performed a covariance structure analysis to build a structural equation model.ResultsOlder individuals and women were more likely to exhibit MCS and EHS symptoms. Moreover, depression was correlated with MCS and EHS.ConclusionsAlthough MCS and EHS are strongly correlated, they exhibit distinct characteristics and symptoms, indicating that they can be regarded as separate conditions.

Labyrinthes par Franck Thilliez

Reviewed by: Labyrinthes par Franck Thilliez Nathalie G. Cornelius Thilliez, Franck. Labyrinthes. Fleuve, 2022. ISBN 978-2-265-15555-8. Pp. 374. For those seeking to challenge their minds, this page-turning thriller offers multiple reading options. A free-standing detective mystery, the novel opens with police officer Camille Najinksi, who is tasked with solving the case of a brutal murder whose only suspect is an amnesiac found clutching a black bishop chess piece. Fortunately, hospital psychiatrist Fibonacci can shed some light on the situation. With a warning about the dangers of paramnesia and its capacity to create false memories, he relates the tale the unidentified woman shared with him before losing her memory. The subsequent account alternates between five women: Lysine, a journalist who discovers a disturbing film left in a post office box in her name; Véra, a psychiatrist whose electromagnetic hypersensitivity has forced her to seek refuge in an isolated region of the Vosges; Sophie, a novelist whose premonitions seem to become a tragic reality; Julie, a kidnapping victim sequestered and psychologically tortured by renowned author Caleb Traskman; and Ariane, a young woman of unknown origins who compulsively draws murals of mazes. It is up to the reader and Nijinski to find out why these women find themselves trapped in labyrinthine spaces struggling with memory loss and an inexplicable sense of imminent danger. For the appreciation of astute sleuths, peppered throughout the novel's tightly constructed structure, are clues in the form of mythological, scientific, and artistic allusions, symbolic objects, and word plays. Those familiar with Thilliez will also find that his latest work sheds new light on the secondary characters of Julie Moscato and Caleb Traskman, who, although of core importance to Thilliez's Il était deux fois (2020) and Le manuscrit inachevé (2018), never physically appeared in them (see my earlier reviews in FR 95:1 and FR 92:4 respectively). Without contradicting the detectives' investigations in these earlier novels, Labyrinthes, when taken as the third installment of a trilogy, elucidates further truths. Finally, as has come to be expected of Thilliez, the author invites the reader to go beyond the entertainment value of his fiction and bridge his literary world with the reader's own reality. The novel's references to authentic visual and literary shock artists spark reflection on the interplay of art and violence. Thilliez's exploration of the power of the mind, well-engrained in the riveting storyline, is encapsulated at the end of the book by seemingly random letters scattered about a labyrinth for the reader to solve. The word revealed by finding a passage through the maze, itself another nod to the earlier installments of the trilogy, unlocks an additional online chapter in which the author shares his metacognition for the novel's inner workings. Although at times gory and violent, this is one of Thilliez's best. For those who enjoy being engaged not just viscerally but also intellectually, Labyrinthes is great fun for both Thilliez's avid fans and neophytes to his universe. [End Page 250] Nathalie G. Cornelius Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Copyright © 2023 American Association of Teachers of French

Comparison of environmental intolerances and symptoms between patients with multiple chemical sensitivity, subjects with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity, patients with bronchial asthma, and the general population

BackgroundEnvironmental hypersensitivity/intolerance is considered closely related to allergic diseases. To understand these conditions, the environmental intolerances and symptoms of patients with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), subjects with self-reported electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), patients with bronchial asthma (BA), and the general population were compared using universal questionnaires.MethodsA survey was conducted from 2012 to 2015. The subjects were categorized in four groups: 111 patients with physician-diagnosed MCS, 119 subjects with self-reported EHS, patients with 98 physician-diagnosed BA, and 619 controls from general population. The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory and EHS questionnaire were used. The differences between the questionnaire scores among the four groups were tested using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and gender as covariates.ResultsThe MCS and EHS groups had significantly high scores of intolerances to multiple environmental factors, life impact, and multiple symptoms than the BA and control groups. Although the differences between most of these scores of the MCS and EHS groups were not significant, the electromagnetic hypersensitivity reaction was significantly higher in the EHS group than in the MCS group. In addition, the scores for intolerances to chemicals and other compounds, life impact, and several symptoms of the BA group were significantly higher than those of the control group.ConclusionsThis study clarified the similarities and differences of the environmental intolerances and symptoms between the four groups.

Cellular and molecular effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields.

The way that living cells respond to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF), including static/extremely-low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, fits the pattern of 'cellular stress response'- a mechanism manifest at the cellular level intended to preserve the entire organism. It is a set pattern of cellular and molecular responses to environmental stressors, such as heat, ionizing radiation, oxidation, etc. It is triggered by cellular macromolecular damage (in proteins, lipids, and DNA) with the goal of repairing and returning cell functions to homeostasis. The pattern is independent of the type of stressor encountered. It involves cell cycle arrest, induction of specific molecular mechanisms for repair, damage removal, cell proliferation, and cell death if damage is too great. This response could be triggered by EMF-induced alternation in oxidative processes in cells. The concept that biological response to EMF is a 'cellular stress response' explains many observed effects of EMF, such as nonlinear dose- and time-dependency, increased and decreased risks of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, enhanced nerve regeneration, and bone healing. These responses could be either detrimental or beneficial to health, depending on the duration and intensity of the exposure, as well as specific aspects ofthe living organism being exposed. A corollary to electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome (EHS) could be an inappropriate response of the hippocampus/limbic system to EMF, involving glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Problems in evaluating the health impacts of radio frequency radiation

In an effort to clarify the nature of causal evidence regarding the potential impacts of RFR on biological systems, this paper relies on a well-established framework for considering causation expanded from that of Bradford Hill, that combines experimental and epidemiological evidence on carcinogenesis of RFR. The Precautionary Principle, while not perfect, has been the effective lodestone for establishing public policy to guard the safety of the general public from potentially harmful materials, practices or technologies. Yet, when considering the exposure of the public to anthropogenic electromagnetic fields, especially those arising from mobile communications and their infrastructure, it seems to be ignored. The current exposure standards recommended by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) consider only thermal effects (tissue heating) as potentially harmful. However, there is mounting evidence of non-thermal effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation in biological systems and human populations. We review the latest literature on in vitro and in vivo studies, on clinical studies on electromagnetic hypersensitivity, as well as the epidemiological evidence for cancer due to the action of mobile based radiation exposure. We question whether the current regulatory atmosphere truly serves the public good when considered in terms of the Precautionary Principle and the principles for deducing causation established by Bradford Hill. We conclude that there is substantial scientific evidence that RFR causes cancer, endocrinological, neurological and other adverse health effects. In light of this evidence the primary mission of public bodies, such as the FCC to protect public health has not been fulfilled. Rather, we find that industry convenience is being prioritized and thereby subjecting the public to avoidable risks.

ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR NON-IONISING RADIATION OF SELECTED RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

A cross sectional design approach was employed to assess the indoor radiation exposure of population in selected residential apartments in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State Nigeria. Primary data was obtained aided by a hand-held radiation meter and a well-structured questionnaire. With the aim of ascertaining the radiation distribution pattern and occurrence rate of Electro Hypersensitivity Syndrome’ (EHS) in the study area. The analysis of variance test ‘ANOVA’, an inferential statistics was used to ascertain the radiation distribution pattern, while the descriptive statistics was used in determining the occurrence rate of (EHS) inpopulations of the study area. A convenience sampling technique was adopted, and 30 sampling unit of residential apartment were chosen for the study, relying on homogeneity, inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pre-tested questionnaire scored 74% Cronbach's Alfa reliability. Findings from the study revealed that total indoor radiation varied significantly across the study area, with F(2,27) = 38.599, P < 0.00, at (α = 0.05). The occurrence rate of the understudied EHS illnesses were determined to be in the following order: sleep disorder, fatigues, headaches, dizziness, loss of appetite and memory loss, with mean averages of 3.53,3.26, 2.97, 2.70, 2.17, and 2.03 respectively. Hence a recommendation for public sensitization on the occurrence, effect and necessary policy control measures, towards minimising public exposure to indoor non-ionising radiation, by relevant stakeholders such as: the Standards Organisation of Nigeria, Federal and States Ministries of Environment and the Nigerian Customs was necessitated.

The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity.

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known also as an idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) or a microwave sickness, is not considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being caused by the exposures to electromagnetic fields (EMF). EHS is not recognized as a disease anywhere in the world. Some studies have roughly estimated that 1-10% of the population might experience some form of EHS. However, because of the lack of diagnostic criteria for EHS, these estimates might be either under- or over-estimates. Because the vast majority of human population is exposed to EMF, the possibility of developing EHS from the EMF is a substantial public health issue that should be dealt with globally, even if the individual risk of developing EHS might be small. The WHO recognizes that the symptoms experienced by the EHS persons might be severe and might significantly hamper everyday life. However, after a broad analysis of international and national documents, there seems to be currently no effort to develop health policies for the dealing with EHS, no matter what causes it. National governments, follow theopinions of the WHO and the EMF safety standards setting organizations, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers- International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (IEEE-ICES), are not developing any practical health policy advisories for self-declared EHS sufferers. However, symptoms experienced by the self-declared EHS persons affect their well-being and, according to the Constitution of the WHO, are a health problem. Hence, independently of what causes EHS symptoms, this admitted well-being-impairment should be dealt with globally by developing an uniform health policy. Furthermore, WHO, ICNIRP and IEEE-ICES should be advocating and supporting research that would generate a reliable scientific evidence on what are the possible cause(s) of EHS. Without such research there is not possible to develop diagnostic methods as well as any possible mitigation approaches. There is an urgent need for the WHO to advocate for the national governments to urgently develop a comprehensive and common EHS health policy.

Time course of health complaints attributed to RF-EMF exposure and predictors of electromagnetic hypersensitivity over 10 years in a prospective cohort of Dutch adults

BackgroundSome individuals attribute health complaints to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. This condition, known as idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to RF-EMFs (IEI-RF) or electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), can be disabling for those who are affected. In this study we assessed factors related to developing, maintaining, or discarding IEI-RF over the course of 10 years, and predictors of developing EHS at follow-up using a targeted question without the condition of reporting health complaints attributed to RF-EMF exposure. MethodsParticipants (n = 892, mean age 50 at baseline, 52 % women) from the Dutch Occupational and Environmental Health Cohort Study AMIGO filled in questionnaires in 2011/2012 (T0), 2013 (T1), and 2021 (T4) where information pertaining to perceived RF-EMF exposure and risk, non-specific symptoms, sleep problems, IEI-RF, and EHS was collected. We fitted multi-state Markov models to represent how individuals transitioned between states (“yes”, “no”) of IEI-RF. ResultsAt each time point, about 1 % of study participants reported health complaints that they attributed to RF-EMF exposure. While this percentage remained stable, the individuals who reported such complaints changed over time: of nine persons reporting health complaints at T0, only one reported IEI-RF at both T1 and T4, and two newly reported health complaints at T4. Overall, participants had a 95 % chance of transitioning from “yes” to “no” over a time course of 10 years, and a chance of 1 % of transitioning from “no” to “yes”. Participants with high perceived RF-EMF exposure and risk had a general tendency to move more frequently between states. ConclusionsWe observed a low prevalence of IEI-RF in our population. Prevalence did not vary strongly over time but there was a strong aspect of change: over 10 years, there was a high probability of not attributing symptoms to RF-EMF exposure anymore. IEI-RF appears to be a more transient condition than previously assumed.

Time course of electromagnetic hypersensitivity in a prospective cohort of Dutch individuals

BACKGROUND Some individuals attribute health complaints to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure. This condition, known as electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), can be disabling for those who are affected. Psychosocial factors are thought to play a role but little is understood about the time course of EHS. In this study we assessed factors related to developing, maintaining, or discarding EHS over the course of 10 years, defined as reporting health complaints attributed to RF-EMF exposure. METHODS Participants (n=892, mean age 50 at baseline, 52% women) from the Dutch Occupational and Environmental Health Cohort Study AMIGO filled in questionnaires in 2011/2012 (T0), 2013 (T1), and 2021 (T2) where information pertaining to perceived RF-EMF exposure and risk, symptoms, sleep problems, and EHS was collected. We fitted multi-state Markov models to represent how individuals transitioned between states (yes, no) of symptom attribution to RF-EMF exposure. RESULTS At each time point, about 1% or study participants reported health complaints that they attributed to RF-EMF exposure. While this percentage remained stable, the individuals who reported such complaints changed over time: of 9 persons reporting health complaints at T0, only 1 reported EHS at both T1 and T2. Overall, participants had a 95% chance of transitioning from yes to no over a time course of 10 years, and a chance of 1% of transitioning from no to yes. Participants with a high RF-EMF exposure and risk perception had a general tendency to move more frequently between states. CONCLUSIONS We observed a low prevalence of symptom attribution to RF-EMF exposure in our population. Prevalence did not vary strongly over time but there was a strong aspect of change: over 10 years, there was a high probability of not attributing symptoms to RF-EMF exposure anymore. Being EHS appears to be a more transient condition than previously assumed. KEYWORDS electromagnetic hypersensitivity

Medically Unexplained Symptoms Attributable to Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: Raising Awareness of the Implications

Medically Unexplained Symptoms Attributable to Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: Raising Awareness of the Implications

Why electrohypersensitivity and related symptoms are caused by non-ionizing man-made electromagnetic fields: An overview and medical assessment

Much of the controversy over the cause of electrohypersensitivity (EHS) lies in the absence of recognized clinical and biological criteria for a widely accepted diagnosis. However, there are presently sufficient data for EHS to be acknowledged as a distinctly well-defined and objectively characterized neurologic pathological disorder. Because we have shown that 1) EHS is frequently associated with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in EHS patients, and 2) that both individualized disorders share a common pathophysiological mechanism for symptom occurrence; it appears that EHS and MCS can be identified as a unique neurologic syndrome, regardless their causal origin. In this overview we distinguish the etiology of EHS itself from the environmental causes that trigger pathophysiological changes and clinical symptoms after EHS has occurred. Contrary to present scientifically unfounded claims, we indubitably refute the hypothesis of a nocebo effect to explain the genesis of EHS and its presentation. We as well refute the erroneous concept that EHS could be reduced to a vague and unproven “functional impairment”. To the contrary, we show here there are objective pathophysiological changes and health effects induced by electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in EHS patients and most of all in healthy subjects, meaning that excessive non-thermal anthropogenic EMFs are strongly noxious for health. In this overview and medical assessment we focus on the effects of extremely low frequencies, wireless communications radiofrequencies and microwaves EMF. We discuss how to better define and characterize EHS. Taken into consideration the WHO proposed causality criteria, we show that EHS is in fact causally associated with increased exposure to man-made EMF, and in some cases to marketed environmental chemicals. We therefore appeal to all governments and international health institutions, particularly the WHO, to urgently consider the growing EHS-associated pandemic plague, and to acknowledge EHS as a mainly new real EMF causally-related pathology.

Autoantibodies in Females Exposed to Indoor Air Dampness Microbiota and Complaining of Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity- The Case Control Report

We hypothesized that prolonged or cumulative exposure to indoor air dampness microbiota in moisture-damaged buildings and daily exposure to wireless telecommunication devices would potentiate the risk of electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), which is poorly defined. We performed a nested comparative analysis within an age- and sex-matched study of females who were exposed to dampness microbiota with self-reported complaints compatible with EHS (n=11). Their levels of autoantibodies towards 13 different autoantigens were measured. EHS presented as multiple chemical sensitivity, profound fatigue, memory disturbances in all subjects (11/11), and cognitive impairment in the majority (9/11). When comparing the patients to controls, no difference was detected between the levels of the following autoantibodies: angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1), endothelin receptor type A (ETAR), adrenergic receptors α1AR, α2AR, β1AR, β2AR and cholinergic muscarinic receptors m1AChR, m2AChR, m3AChR and m5AChR. In contrast, IgG levels towards m4AChR and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and IgM autoantibodies against glycosylated moieties of heparan and heparan sulphate (TS-HDS) were significantly decreased in the study cohort, p=0.008; p=0.032, p<0.001, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating an imbalance in the nervous system autoantibodies in patients with EHS. The clinical significance of these altered responses remains to be clarified.

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity close to mobile phone base stations- a case study in Stockholm, Sweden.

A previously healthy worker developed symptoms assigned to electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) after moving to an office with exposure to high levels ofanthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMFs). These symptoms consisted of e.g. headache, arthralgia, tinnitus, dizziness, memory loss, fatique, insomnia, transitory cardiovascular abnormalities, and skin lesions. Most of the symptoms were alleviated after 2weeks sick leave. The highest radiofrequency (RF) field level at the working place was 1.72V/m (7,852μW/m2). Maximum value for extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) from electric power at 50Hz was measured to 285nT (mean 241nT). For electric train ELF-EMF at 16.7Hz was measured to 383nT (mean 76nT). Exposure to EMFs at the working place could be the cause for developing EHS related symptoms. The association was strengthened by the symptom reduction outside the working place.

Melatonin: a Potential Shield against Electromagnetic Waves.

Melatonin, a vital hormone synthesized by the pineal gland, has been implicated in various physiological functions and circadian rhythm regulation. Its role in the protection against the non-ionizing electromagnetic field (EMF), known to disrupt the body's oxidative/anti-oxidative balance, has been called into question due to inconsistent results observed across studies. This review provides the current knowledge on the interwoven relationship between melatonin, EMF, and oxidative stress. Based on synthesized evidence, we present a model that best describes the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of melatonin against RF/ELF-EMF-induced oxidative stress. It has been observed that the free radical scavenger activity of melatonin can be enabled by reducing the radical pair singlet-triplet conversion rate and the concentration of the triplet products. Moreover, this review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of melatonin against the detrimental effects of EMF, in general, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), in particular.