Electricity Generation In Nigeria Research Articles

Sustainable biomass electricity generation in Nigeria: Prospects, issues and ways forward

Energy is an essential ingredient for socio-economic and technological development of any nation. The electric power supply in the country, Nigeria is grossly inadequate, unreliable and inefficient. This has indeed retarded her socio-economic and industrial growths. The problems persist as a result of overdependence on fossil-fuels for power generation and the lack of diversity in the nation’s energy mix. Integrating the abundant biomass resources (that is available almost everywhere in the country) into the national energy mix will enhance the country to improve its electric power generation and reduce the GHG emission gradually. This work explored the different sources of biomass, identified the prospects, challenges of electricity production from biomass and made some recommendations towards improving electric power generation and GHG emission reduction. The available biomass resources in the country, if properly harnessed will reduce the persistent global energy pressure substantially. The work recommended policy implementation, marketing promotion, funding and supports as some of the ways of improving electricity generation through biomass.

Time Series Analysis of Electricity Generation in Nigeria from 1985 – 2014

Time Series Analysis of Electricity Generation in Nigeria from 1985 – 2014

Understanding government policies on renewable energy deployment and climate change mitigation in Nigeria since the russia-ukraine crisis

The global energy sector remains affected by the Russian-Ukraine crisis. Prior to the crisis, the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has energy transition plan from fossil fuel to renewable sources, a measure aimed at addressing climate change by the year 2030. However, while the Russian-Ukraine belligerent relationship was not predicted, it has served as a catalyst for energy transition across the world given the increase in the price of fossil fuel. The study addressed the question; Is the effect of Russia-Ukraine crisis on fossil fuel accessibility enhancing renewable energy deployment in electricity generation in Nigeria? The study analyzed how the effect of Russia-Ukraine crisis on fossil fuel accessibility in enhancing renewable energy deployment in electricity generation in Nigeria. The underlying assumption of the study is that the Russia-Ukraine crisis will not catalyze the transition of electricity generation from fossil fuel to renewable sources in Nigeria. The theoretical framework of the study is public choice theory and it is applied from the perspective that government instrument instead of market force allocate certain need. The study adopted descriptive research design and Nigeria transition to renewable energy was case studied. Information were obtained from purposively selected government documents and website pages of concerned agencies. Information gathered were content analyzed. The study noted that electrical energy continued to be sourced from non-renewable sources in the country despite the extant policies of government on transition to renewable energy in the country. The study concluded that politics rather than emergency situation drives energy transition. Key words: Climate Change, Electrical Energy, Fossil Fuel, Russia-Ukraine Crisis, Nigeria

Techno-economic analysis of combined cycle power plants for electricity generation in Nigeria

This paper presents a techno-economic approach to readily assess the profitability or otherwise of combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) for increased electricity production in Nigeria. As a case study for this analysis, a combined cycle gas turbine plant with 650MW installed capacity at Afam VI power station is used to evaluate the installation of a 1000MW and 1500MW CCPP economically. The results and analysis determined a Levelized cost of electricity of N41.57k/KWh and N34.09k/KWh for the 1500MW and 1000MW CCPP, respectively. It signifies an increase of 33.33% and 66.67% in the cost of electricity per kWh between the 1000MW and 1500MW plant capacities respectively, relative to the 650MW CCPP. Therefore, the low LCOE makes it economically viable to install the 1000MW CCPP for electricity production in the country. The paper also proposes upgrading existing gas-fired power plants in the country into combined cycle power plants for improved electricity supply.

Electricity Generation and Renewable Energy Policy in Nigeria: Resolving the Regulatory Challenges

Since the 1960s, inadequate electricity generation has been the bane of economic developments in Nigeria. The introduction of reforms and policies in the electricity sector, for the purposes of exploring renewable energy in electricity generation, is yet to bring about increased electricity generation. This paper examines the challenges of renewable electricity in Nigeria from the regulatory perspective. Studies have shown that the failure of Nigeria to have a regulator specifically for renewable energy is closely linked with the history of electricity generation in Nigeria. Till date, Nigeria does not have a regulator with specific mandates for the development of renewable energy even though there are many regulators with overlap of functions over the development of renewable electricity. Moreover, the power of the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission over the promotion of renewable energy is limited to renewable technologies of certain capacities. This paper will analyse the history of electricity generation in Nigeria in the context of the law and the policy to ascertain how the country has approached the development of renewable energy for electricity generation. The aim is to identify regulatory impediments to the development of renewable electricity from the law and the policy in Nigeria. Recommendations will be made for the establishment of a renewable electricity regulator independent of the existing bodies

A Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Electricity Sector Workers’ Ratings of Problems with Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Abstract— In this work we present a descriptive statistical analysis of electricity workers’ ratings of problems with electricity generation in Nigeria. The problems were catalogued from focused group discussions with workers in the electricity sector and were corroborated from existing literature on electricity generation. Willing electricity workers across the country were approached at their break periods by trained interviewers for the data collection. A questionnaire containing a list of problems were administered on electricity workers and they were asked to score the listed problems on a scale of 0 – 10 depending on the severity of the problems. The data were collected on condition of strict anonymity and as such cannot be traced to any individual or company. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Version 25 and Microsoft Excel. A descriptive statistical analysis is presented with insightful conclusions for stakeholders in the electricity sector who are involved in concerted efforts to find lasting solutions to the plethora of problems facing the electricity sector in Nigeria. From the dataset, the profile of the electricity workers indicate that they are well-informed. The respondent’s perception is that natural disasters is apparently the problem with least severity. The ratings show that the most critical problem is obsolete equipment, followed by maintenance budgets and high cost of production in decreasing order of severity. Ten (10) out of the 14 problems rated in terms of severity had a mean rating >5.0 on a scale of 0 - 10 inclusive. The data for the analysis is available and downloadable in a public repository. Keywords—Data analysis, electricity workers’ ratings, electricity generation, descriptive statistics.

Renewable Energy Resources Hybridization as an Efficient and Cost-Effective Alternative for Electrification

Majority of electricity generation in Nigeria comes from fossil fuels, with about two-thirds of thermal power derived from natural gas and the rest from oil, resulting in the emission of carbon dioxide (𝐶𝑂2). With the prevailing global climate change, shifting to renewable energy would reduce the greenhouse gas emission which would be the salvaging option to help our degrading environment. The aim of the resource’s hybridization process is to generate enough electricity that would help the supplementing for the inadequate electricity supply in the local province at the least detrimental effect on the environment. This work discusses the renewable energy potential of Nigeria and raises the possibility of having Nigeria electricity grid powered by small, medium and large-scale renewable energy systems. The hybridised power generation system simulations were done using HOMER simulation software. The hybridisation of the resources was able to generate 149,313 kWh/yr to adequately sustain the estimated electrical load of 126,027kWh/yr. Conclusively, cost effectiveness of the individual and hybridised systems was also considered.

A multicriteria decision based assessment of agricultural solid wastes as potential feedstock for electricity generation in Nigeria

An effective method of managing solid wastes from agricultural processing is through thermochemical conversion to energy-dense and carbon-neutral energy products; which relieves the issue of depleting global resources, solves the problem of over-reliance on fossil fuel, reduces the impact on the environment, and brings economic benefits. In this study, the suitability of agricultural solid wastes as potential feedstock for electricity generation in Nigeria via a combined pyrolysis–steam power plant technology was assessed. Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution was used to identify the most appropriate raw material for electricity generation among the considered alternatives–rice husk, corncob, and palm kernel shell. These wastes showed high electricity generation potential (232–2077GWh per annum), high profitability index, and high carbon reduction benefit (about1428kg CO2 eq. /m3of bio-oil).

Evaluating Energy Consumption And Loading Of Institutional Buildings In North West-Nigeria

Lack of government policies on efficient use of energy in buildings is one of the limiting factors toward achieving sustainable environment and development. Although, government has been setting targets to increase electricity generation in Nigeria, there is little or no consideration for its efficient usage in buildings. In order to propose an energy efficient office building, energy audit of existing similar structures should be conducted. Thus, this research aims at finding the energy demand of University Senate Buildings in North West-Nigeria (hot dry climate) in order to serve as a bench mark for further researches. Senate Buildings of three universities were studied, namely: Northwest University, Kano (NUK), Bayero University, Kano (BUK) and Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina (UMYUK). Quantitative approach was adopted to carry out the audit and results were recorded as follows: NUK: 258,770.4kwh, BUK: 190,338.24kwh and UMYUK: 190,338.24kwh. The three results indicated high demand for energy by the existing case studies which necessitate researches on how to lower this demand to the barest minimum and to propose more sustainable design approaches.

Energy research in Nigeria: A bibliometric analysis

The scant supply of energy in Nigeria in relation to its energy demand has triggered interest in the scientific investigation of various energy research. This study reports on the bibliometric analysis of energy publications from Nigerian researchers from 1974 to 2019 (45 years) from the Elsevier Scopus database. The analysis includes publication types, languages of publication, institutions of authors and collaborators. Based on the analysis, the number of publications has increased in the 45 years period. With significant changes being from the period 2006–2015 by an average of 113 publications per year, to an average of 326 publications per year from 2016 to 2019. The contributions of institutional energy publications by region showed that the South-Western States region had the highest number of publications. A global map showing energy collaboration at international level Nigerian-authors mainly co-author energy publications with South Africa, Malaysia, the United States and the United Kingdom institutions. The publications are mainly in solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy and surprisely less in gas and hydro energy which are the main sources of electricity generation in Nigeria.

The Economic Implications of Wind Energy and Solar Photovoltaic System Utilization for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

The Economic Implications of Wind Energy and Solar Photovoltaic System Utilization for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

HOW COULD RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES BRIDGE THE GAP IN NIGERIA’S ENERGY SECTOR?

This paper presents renewable energy resources development as a means of abating the shortfall in electricity generation in Nigeria. Levellized Bus-bar Cost Estimation method is used to carry out cost analysis of various power generation technologies by comparing their levellized costs. Carbon Emissions Pricing theory is also utilized to show that the cost per mega watt of renewable energy resources power plants can be comparable to their fossils counterpart when price is assigned to the emissions that result from using fossil fuels. Finally, government’s participation in time bound renewable energy projects, as well as financial and fiscal incentives are identified as actions that will encourage private sector investments in renewable energy development, which has a stimulating effect on the larger economy.

Off-grid electricity generation in Nigeria based on rice husk gasification technology

Abstract Nigeria is purely an agrarian nation and the people depend on agriculture for survival. One of the missing links to wealth creation in Nigeria is lack of economic exploitation of abundant agricultural wastes. Instead of wealth creation, rice husk has become a serious threat to the environment. The unutilized rice husks in rice mills in Nigeria generate millions of tons of C02 when burnt. This increases environmental degradation and deaths associated with respiratory diseases. The sustainable use of this rice husk for bioenergy applications such as electricity generation at low cost, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is imperative. In this paper, an off-grid gasification power supply option for Adani, in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu state, of eastern Nigeria is presented. A detailed load assessment and availability of rice husk for power generation in the study area was conducted. This information was used to design the gasification system. The gasification system was designed based on the mass flow rate of producer gas required to power the gas engine at full load. The gasifier was designed downdraft with air and steam as the oxidizing agent, in order to maintain uniform temperature in the oxidation and reduction zones. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis approach was used to determine the economic viability of the designed power system considered in this study. The estimated total load demand of the study area is 850.054 k W . The estimated total daily, monthly and yearly energy demands of the study area are: 8,991 ​kWh, 269,736.42 ​kWh and 3,236,837.04 ​kWh. The annual availability of rice husk in the study area is 3,636 t / y and it has potential of 1.52 M W power generation with daily, monthly and yearly energy generation of: 36.48 ​MWh, 1,094.4 ​MWh and 13,132.8 ​MWh. This potential of electricity generation has power station capacity of 1.9 MVA, which is approximately equal to 2 MVA. The Levelized Cost of Electricity of the designed power system is 3.6 Naira/kWh, which is cheaper than 30.93 Naira/kWh tariff bill by Enugu Electricity Distribution Company to its R2S customers. Based on the proposed rice husk gasification system, a community could generate power to meet their electricity demand in most economical way, thereby reducing emission, waste and saving cost translating to sustainable development.

Solar Radiation as Alternative Power Supply for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Solar Radiation as Alternative Power Supply for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Feasibility Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Feasibility Assessment of Wind Energy Potential for Electricity Generation in Nigeria

Electricity theft mitigation in the Nigerian power sector

Electricity theft is a pervasive problem all over the world. With electricity generation in Nigeria falling short of the required generation ca-pacity, it is disturbing that the little power generated is also being stolen by some unscrupulous consumers. Electricity distribution compa-nies in Nigeria (DisCos) lose about ₦30 billion every month owing to electricity theft. This amount is whopping, and if significantly re-duced and spent on the power infrastructure and management, it would improve the power situation in the country. This paper proffers the deployment of Smart Grid (SG) with its inherent smart metering as a solution to the electricity theft situation in Nigeria, as a result of its improved flexibility, security and reliability. Smart Grid also supports energy diversification, by allowing the integration of various renewa-ble energy sources into the conventional power grid. This will tend to help in improving the epileptic power situation in the country.

Electricity generation potential and environmental assessment of bio-oil derivable from pyrolysis of plastic in some selected cities of Nigeria

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an estimation of the electricity generating potential as well as the environmental implications of bio-oil derivable from pyrolysis of plastic in some selected cities of Nigeria is conducted. The estimation premise on the experimental results obtained across different literatures, which gave the possible bio-oil yield of different mixture of plastics. First, the amount of plastic in different streams of municipal solid waste across the selected cities are sourced from the local literature and are used to estimate the theoretical amount of bio-oil obtainable through pyrolysis of plastics. Thereafter, the electricity generation potential of the bio-oil is estimated. The environmental impact assessment is conducted through the determination of its global warming and acidification impact. Some of the key results show that pyrolysis of plastic waste has great potential for electricity generation in Nigeria with total electricity generation potential of 87.5 MW with total global warming potential 634.9 kgCO2 (i.e. 0.634922769 tCO2e) and acidification potential of 16.4 kgSO2. The paper is important as it gives an insight into the probable opportunities in waste to energy technology for electricity generation using plastic wastes. This could be an eye-opener to the investors, researcher, policy makers, relevant government parastatals, and legislators.

Economic Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Electricity Generation in Nigeria: A Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

Nigeria has great renewable energy resource potential comprising solar, wind, biomass and hydro and much work has been done on estimation of this potential. Variability of a single resource type, high cost of energy from renewable sources and impracticability of grid extension to distant rural areas from the national grid has led to the development of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). Although Nigeria is rich in these renewable resources, a hybrid application approach seems more feasible to ensure a reliable and cost-effective power supply from these sources. This study was conducted to assess Nigeria’s technological readiness for adopting HRES, its environmental impact and its viability over a 20-year period. A review of past literature was carried out to ascertain the country’s readiness for HRES and its environmental impact, while the discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, along with other economic indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payout period (PO) were adopted to estimate the economic viability of the system. The outcome of this paper shows that HRES for power generation in Nigeria is economically viable.

Solar thermal electricity in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges

Electricity generation in Nigeria has experienced major setbacks despite her abundant resources that could earn her energy independence. In this paper, solar thermal resources for concentrating solar power (CSP) electricity generation are evaluated as means of achieving electricity availability in the country in the short, medium and long term programmes. Despite her abundant solar resource that is available which is comparably higher than those of most operational CSP sites in Europe and America, there is no existing CSP plant in the country. It is observed that the lack of immediate plans to achieve (in the near term) of solar thermal electricity is not a ‘lack of policy’ issue, rather a lack of strong political will to implement the renewable energy policies. Cost of technology, challenges of fossil fuel price and fossil fuel subsidy in the country are among the observed leading challenges that are capable of discouraging investors in this sector. However, government regulations could help to resolve these. It is suggested that oil and gas companies should contribute towards clean energy development in the country through carbon pay back programme as a way of increasing the chances of establishing solar thermal electricity in Nigeria.

Development of Software for Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and Diesel Generator Systems in Nigeria

The human and economic development of any nation is largely tied to the availability of energy, hence the need for an adequate supply of electricity by reliable energy systems. Nigeria’s economic growth is undermined by the epileptic nature of its electricity supply system. Consequently, the populace is forced to turn to alternative sources of power. However, this presents another problem - conflict of choice between available options for power generation. There is, therefore, the need to assist electricity consumers in Nigeria make better and cost-effective choices in this regard. In this paper, a software computer program is developed to determine/compare life cycle cost (LCC) of solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generator systems as preferences for electricity generation in Nigeria. The software is developed through an approach involving load determination, energy resources determination, system sizing and a typical residential building. The key methodology adopted is evolutionary prototyping which focuses on vertical dimension approach. Typical load description of a household located in Amawbia Awka of Anambra state in Nigeria was used to test the efficiency of the source code. The initial cost and life cycle cost for the two systems over a period of 30 years was ascertained. The test results showed the solar PV system to be a more cost-effective solution than the diesel generator based on total life cycle costs. The study recommends among others, the need to increase awareness of the long-term benefits of solar energy systems as an alternative source of electricity in Nigeria.