Electrical Transient Analyzer Program Software Research Articles

A case study for optimization of power system load flow analysis using ETAP software

This research report explores the optimization of power system load current analysis by integrating Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software and Single Line Diagram (SLD) representation. Load current analysis is essential for the reliable and efficient operation of power grids, and the use of advanced software tools such as ETAP offers significant opportunities to improve analysis capabilities. The integration of SLD with ETAP enables more intuitive and comprehensive visualization of energy system elements and their connections, improving the modelling and analysis process. The article presents a case study that demonstrates the practical application of this integrated approach using a typical power system model to estimate load current characteristics under various operating conditions. The methodology involves building a powerful system model in ETAP and includes SLD representations to improve system visualization and analysis. The system simulation experiments evaluate the performance and accuracy of the integrated ETAPSLD approach, focusing on key parameters such as voltage profiles, current flows, enabling more efficient load current analysis and providing valuable information for power system engineers and operators. Overall, this study contributes to the field of energy system analysis by using advanced software tools for advanced modelling and optimization.

АНАЛІЗ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИХ ПЕРЕХІДНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ В ПРОМИСЛОВІЙ НИЗЬКОВОЛЬТНІЙ РОЗПОДІЛЬЧІЙ МЕРЕЖІ З АСИНХРОННИМ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ

The article is devoted to the issue of short-circuit analysis in the low-voltage network of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise. The analysis methodology is based on the recommendations of the IEC 60909 standard and the ANSI/IEEE C37 series standard, which regulate the calculation of short-circuit current for the selection and verification of switchgear and protective devices according to the level of short-circuit current. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software was used as an analysis tool. Short-circuit analysis is performed in two stages: the first stages involves modelling the low-voltage distribution network of the industrial facility; the second stages involves the simulation of faults in the network. The modelling the low-voltage distribution network takes into account the features of the network configuration with inductions motors used in the technological process. The Short Circuit module of the ETAP software was used to calculate the short-circuit current on the bus of the distribution network. The performed analysis takes into account the induction motors contribution to the level of short-circuit current. The result of the analysis is the determination of symmetrical and asymmetrical short-circuit current values and the detection of inconsistency of the characteristics of the installed equipment with short-circuit currents. Analysis of short-circuit current using ETAP software provides the possibility of selecting switchgear and protective devices according to the level of short-circuit current and verify the correctness of the decisions made regarding the selection of low-voltage switchgear of the distribution network, which contributes to the design of a reliable power supply system for the facility.

Relay Protection Setting Calculation of Power Transformer Based on ETAP

The conventional relay protection setting calculation method considers the internal interference of the transformer and obtains the setting value quickly, which leads to large harmonic interference of the transformer and affects the secondary setting calculation results. Therefore, the setting calculation method of the power transformer relay protection based on the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) is designed. The harmonic transfer characteristics of the power transformer are extracted, and the harmonic interference of the power transformer is proposed. Then the ETAP software is adopted to establish the calculation principle of the power transformer relay protection setting and improve the calculation accuracy of the secondary setting. Through comparative experiments, it is verified that the second fixed value of the algorithm is close to the actual fixed value and can be applied to real life.

Load Flow Study of GCT Powerhouse using ETAP

Load flow is one of the most significant aspects to consider while studying and analyzing power system functioning. A comprehensive study of load flow analysis at the Government College of Technology (GCT) powerhouse is offered in this research. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software is used to construct a case study of modelling and simulation of the actual power distribution network (Version: 19.1). A comparison of common load flow approaches for power distribution is also offered. This evaluation provides and compares numerical and practical approaches such as Adaptive Newton-Raphson, Newton-Raphson, and Fast Decoupled. The study is an analysis of high voltage substations to loads utilizing ETAP software. The capabilities and usefulness of load flow evaluation are proved by applying ETAP simulation findings to the actual distributed power system of GCT, Coimbatore. ETAP makes easy the conversion of traditional to a smart grid.

ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS IN THE LOW-VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Analysis of a short circuit in the distribution network with a voltage of up to 1 kV of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise. The procedure for calculating the short-circuit current in accordance with the recommendations of the ANSI/IEEE standard C37 series, which regulates the calculation of the short-circuit current for the selection and verification of switchgear and protective devices according to the short circuit current rating, was used to calculate the short-circuit current in the low-voltage distribution network of an industrial enterprise. The need to automate the process of calculating short-circuit currents in the power supply system of an industrial enterprise was substantiated. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software was used as an analysis tool. The design of the low-voltage distribution network was carried out in the ETAP software environment. The Short Circuit package of the ETAP software was used to calculate the short-circuit current on any bus of the distribution network. The result of the analysis is the determination of the short circuit current values and the verification of the compliance of the characteristics of the installed electrical equipment with the short-circuit currents. The effectiveness of using ETAP software for short-circuit analysis in order to select and verify the electrical equipment of the low-voltage distribution network of an industrial enterprise according to the level of short-circuit current was proven. The results of the analysis of the short-circuit current using the ETAP software provided an opportunity to verify the correctness of the decisions made regarding the selection of low-voltage switchgear of the distribution network of the facility’s power supply system. Analysis of short-circuit current using ETAP software provides the possibility of selecting switchgear and protective devices according to the level of short-circuit current, which contributes to the design of a reliable power supply system for the facility.

Simulation and analysis of solar photovoltaic penetration in conventional power system

With increase in cost of fossil fuel results into escalated cost of electricity price. Moreover, supply of grid is not reliable as it is getting overloaded day by day. There is huge demand of energy sources which are renewable in nature. It reduces utilisation of fossil fuels. Therefore, Photovoltaic (PV) penetrated grid tied system need to be developed and analysed. This paper presents simulation and design of Modified IEEE 9 bus system without PV and with PV penetration using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analysis Program) software. The effect of photovoltaic plant on the transmission network is analysed using load flow analysis. The L-L-L (Line to Line to Line) fault takes place at bus 2 and stability of the system is observed under transient disturbances for penetration of PV and without penetration of PV.

Design of 2500 KVA 11/0.4 KV Distribution Substation Based on Load Flow Analysis Using ETAP Software

For the development and growth of economy and social condition of any country, constant supply of good quality electrical power is essential. The main barrier to achieving this goal is the variation of voltage in the network. The load connected in a system varies with time, which causes the variation in the bus voltages. By properly designing and installing the substation, these voltage regulations can be reduced. Load flow analysis provides the steady-state characteristic data and generates reports for voltage magnitude, phase angle, the flow of active and reactive power, losses in the system, etc. Accurate and highly reliable results of Load Flow Analysis (LFA) can be obtained by using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software. In this research, ETAP software, which utilizes the Adaptive Newton-Raphson method, has been used for performing the load flow analysis of 2500 KVA 11 /.4 KV substation. Actual manufacturer data is utilized for transformers, VCBs, circuit breakers, cables, and other components, whereas computed data is used for loads on the system. The main focus of this study is to improve the voltage regulation and the overall power factor (PF) of the network by inserting capacitor bank also known as the PFI plant in the system. This technique also minimizes the input current and power losses.

Determination of Power Flows in Microgrids with Renewable Energy Sources by Using Special Computer Programs

The article discusses the issues of determining power flows in micro networks with renewable energy sources by using the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. In the model, the sources of electrical energy are: photovoltaic, microhydroelectric power stations, wind and other types of stations, as well as the main electric network. Using ETAP software, various experiments were conducted for the modes of the selected microgrid scheme and their results were obtained.

Optimal capacitor placement in a distribution system using ETAP software

<p>Mostly loads are inductive in nature in content of distribution side for any power system. Due to which system faces high power losses, voltage drop and reduction in system power factor. Capacitor placement is a common method to improve these factors. To maximize the reduction of inductive load impact, optimal capacitor placement (OCP) is necessary with the objective function of system cost minimization for voltage profile enhancement, power factor improvement and power losses minimization. As OCP is a non-linear problem with equality and inequality limitations, so the stated objective depends upon he placement and sizes of the capacitor banks. Electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) software is used for the evaluation and modelling the power systems and genetic algorithm (GA) is used as an optimization technique for the minimization of the objective function. In this paper, to show the effectiveness of the technique IEEE 4bus,33bus system and NTDC 220KV real time grid system is modelled and evaluated in terms of objective minimization i-e maximum cost saving of the power system</p>

Optimal Allocation of Transformer and Its Effects on Distribution System Loss Minimization

The periodic growth in megacities has incremented the power consumption in the name of modernized techniques and hustle-free lifestyles. In the state of Tamil Nadu, the voltage and power regulation has created a drastic decrements in the efficiency for the tail end consumers. Thus, resulting in shortage of voltage and vehemently opposing the performance factors of home appliances, micro-industries and minute gadgets used on a day-to-day basis. In this paper, a solution is provided to magnificently ameliorate by catering a high voltage distribution system, simulating its results for serving, good to the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board having fed by the Electrical Transient Analysis Program Software. Therefore, in reference to the contingent PSO algorithm enabling to convert Low Voltage Distribution System to High Voltage Distribution Systems, sufficiently acquiring a redemption for utmost performance usage of the transformer. The relational composition of the supply in the LVDS and HDVS magnitudes demonstrate the necessary output demands. The line losses vividly broadcast the allocated transformer and the HDVS holds good in showcasing power loss in advanced tail and voltage prescriptions.

Impact of Network Reconfiguration: Case Study of Port-Harcourt Town 132/33kV Sub-transmission Substation and Its 33/11kV Injection Substation Distribution Networks

This paper examined the power flow status of the Port Harcourt Town (Zone 4) distribution networks to improve the performance. The network consists of 18 injection substations fed from 4 different sizes of transformers with a total power rating of 165 MVA, 132/33kV at the Port Harcourt Town sub-transmission substation. Gauss-seidel power flow algorithm was used to analyse the network in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program software (ETAP 12.6) to determine the various bus operating voltages, power flow, and over or under-loaded Transformers’ units. From the base-case simulation results obtained, it shows that these injection distribution transformers (PH Town 106.3%, RSU 90.5%, Marine Base 86.5%, UTC 87.9%, Nzimiro 89.5%, and Borokiri 88.7%) were overloaded on the network and the operating voltages observed for (PH Town 95.1%, RSU 83.0%, Marine Base 83.4%, UTC 82.8%, Nzimiro 85.2%, and Borokiri 82.1%) indicates low voltage profile. However, using network reconfiguration technique as proposed in this paper; there was reduction in the percentage loading of the said Transformers as it was upgraded to affect positively on its lifespan with (PH Town 44.1%, RSU 65.3%, Marine Base 60.7%, UTC 47.3%, Nzimiro 61.3%, and Borokiri 52.0%) loading, and the bus voltage profiles was improved for (PH Town 100%, RSU 98.4%, Marine Base 98.8%, UTC 98.2%, Nzimiro 98.6%, and Borokiri 99.1%) with additional facilities. It is recommended that the power infrastructure facilities in Port Harcourt Town distribution network be immediately upgraded to reduce losses and improve the electricity supply to consumers. Also, in regard to these analyses, the sub-transmission substation requires 240 MW of power for effective power delivery.

Analysis of Transformer Loadings and Failure Rate in Onitsha Electricity Distribution Network

This study investigated transformer loadings and failure rate in the Onitsha Electricity Distribution Network by using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software 12.6 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 16.0. Data collected over the period 2011-2015 on the distribution network were simulated on ETAP software using the Newton-Raphson (N-R) technique to determine the transformer loadings while responses to 350 copies of questionnaire distributed among the technical staff were statistically analysed on the SPSS software to ascertain the failure rate among transformers in the network. The findings of the study show that during the 5 years period covered by the study, the sampled substations recorded transformer average failure rate of 11.7 %. It was further revealed that besides insulation issues which accounted for 24.2% of all the failures, overload (22.5%) was the next major cause of transformer breakdowns in the distribution network. The study recommends installation of more transformer units, use of high quality transformers, balanced loading of the transformers and proactive inspection and maintenance program of transformers units within the network. The outcome of this work would help electricity utilities provide more reliable and cost effective services to customers.