Electrical Signals In Response Research Articles

Single ZnO Nanowire for Electrical and Optical NO2 Gas Sensing: Origin of Reversible and Irreversible Gas Effects Investigated by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy.

In this work, the gas sensing properties of a single ZnO nanowire (NW) are investigated, simultaneously in terms of photoluminescence (PL) and photocurrent (PC) response to NO2 gas, with the purpose of giving new insights on the gas sensing mechanism of a single 1D ZnO nanostructure. A single ZnO NW sensing device was fabricated, characterized, and compared with a sample made of bundles of ZnO NWs. UV near-band-edge PL emission spectroscopy was carried out at room temperature and by lowering the temperature down to 77 K, which allows detection of resolved PL peaks related to different excitonic transition regions. Surface effects were observed in PL maps, considering different nano and microstructures. Electrical and optical measurements were acquired at the same time during the NO2 gas exposure, allowing for the comparison of PL and PC response times and signal recovery. During NO2 gas desorption, irreversible behavior in the surface-related and donor-acceptor pair (DAP) regions is interpreted as the effect of an initial transient when electronic transfer from the gas molecules to the bulk occurs through the ZnO NW surface which acts as a channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which investigates the simultaneous PL optical and PC electrical response signals of a single ZnO NW to gas exposure.

Highly compressible porous polyethyleneimine/chitosan composite aerogel with excellent mechanical properties as wide detection range sensors for human motion monitoring

AbstractBiomass three‐dimensional composite aerogels have garnered significant attention in the realm of wearable electronic skin owing to their favorable properties, including excellent human compatibility, environmentally benign degradability, and continuous porous architecture. However, conventional biomass aerogels suffer from inadequate mechanical flexibility, susceptibility to irreversible deformation under high compressive stress, and limited reusability, thereby constraining their applicability in sensing technologies. To address these limitations, this study presents the development of porous CCS/KH560/PEI/CNT‐COOH (CKPC) composite aerogels through a freeze–drying process. Chemical crosslinking was achieved using silane coupling agent (KH560) with carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), while carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT‐COOH) were incorporated as conductive fillers. This approach successfully overcame the issues of poor mechanical properties, low elasticity, and unbalanced sensitivity‐sensing range trade‐off in chitosan‐based aerogel sensors. The results revealed that the porous CKPC aerogels exhibited a remarkable mechanical compressive strain of 86.3% while maintaining structural integrity post‐unloading. The CKPC composite aerogel‐based sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity of 42.9 within a wide strain range of 60%–76.3%, accompanied by a stable and repeatable electrical signal response across varying strains. The porous structure of the CKPC conductive aerogel sensor holds promising applications in human motion monitoring and flexible electronics.

Remote coupling of electrical and mechanical cues by diurnal photothermal irradiation synergistically promotes bone regeneration

Recapitulating the natural extracellular physical microenvironment has emerged as a promising method for tissue regeneration, as multiple physical interventions, including ultrasound, thermal and electrical therapy, have shown great potential. However, simultaneous coupling of multiple physical cues to highly bio-mimick natural characteristics for improved tissue regeneration still remains formidable. Coupling of intrinsic electrical and mechanical cues has been regarded as an effective way to modulate tissue repair. Nevertheless, precise and convenient manipulation on coupling of mechano-electrical signals within extracellular environment to facilitate tissue regeneration remains challengeable. Herein, a photothermal-sensitive piezoelectric membrane was designed for simultaneous integration of electrical and mechanical signals in response to NIR irradiation. The high-performance mechano-electrical coupling under NIR exposure synergistically triggered the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and enhances bone defect regeneration by increasing cellular mechanical sensing, attachment, spreading and cytoskeleton remodeling. This study highlights the coupling of mechanical signals and electrical cues for modulation of osteogenesis, and sheds light on alternative bone tissue engineering therapies with multiple integrated physical cues for tissue repair.Graphical

One-base-mismatch CRISPR-based transistors for single nucleotide resolution assay

An effective strategy for accurately detecting single nucleotide variants (SNVs) is of great significance for genetic research and diagnostics. However, strict amplification conditions, complex experimental instruments, and specialized personnel are required to obtain a satisfactory tradeoff between sensitivity and selectivity for SNV discrimination. In this study, we present a CRISPR-based transistor biosensor for the rapid and highly selective detection of SNVs in viral RNA. By introducing a synthetic mismatch in the crRNA, the CRISPR-Cas13a protein can be engineered to capture the target SNV RNA directly on the surface of the graphene channel. This process induces a fast electrical signal response in the transistor, obviating the need for amplification or reporter molecules. The biosensor exhibits a detection limit for target RNA as low as 5 copies in 100 μL, which is comparable to that of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Its operational range spans from 10 to 5 × 105 copy mL–1 in artificial saliva solution. This capability enables the biosensor to discriminate between wild-type and SNV RNA within 15 min. By introducing 10 μL of swab samples during clinical testing, the biosensor provides specific detection of respiratory viruses in 19 oropharyngeal specimens, including influenza A, influenza B, and variants of SARS-CoV-2. This study emphasizes the CRISPR-transistor technique as a highly accurate and sensitive approach for field-deployable nucleic acid screening or diagnostics.

The trace detection of Hg2+ by flexible electrochemical biosensor based on covalent organic framework synergistic amplified strategy

Mercury (II) ion (Hg2+) is highly toxic, which is harmful to the environment and human health. Hg2+ electrochemical detection method lacks high sensitivity and convenience. Thus, we fabricated a new-style flexible sandwich biosensor for ultra-sensitive identification of trace mercury ions in water. A large number of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited on the flexible electrode as the sensing interface, and the Au-functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) nanocomposites adsorbed a large amount of methylene blue (MB) were used as the signal amplifier. COF/Au provided a large specific surface area, which was easier to assemble with mercaptan functionalized capture DNAs (cDNA) aptamers via S-Au bonds for selective recognition of mercury, to improve the conductivity and electrochemical performance. Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), MB and reporter DNA (rDNA) were anchored to COF to fabricate the COF/Au/MB/rDNA probe. The prepared COF based probe exhibited a large surface area, excellent electrical signal response, and good environmental compatibility. After incubation with Hg2+, rDNA was tightly bound to cDNA via thymidine-Hg2+-thymine pairing (T-Hg2+-T). Thus, the COF based probe was specifically connected to the flexible interface to generate electrical signals. Experimental results indicated that the biosensor exhibited wider linear response range of 0.1 pM to 100 nM Hg2+, and lower detection limit of 45.2 fM (3σ/k). In addition, the prepared ligand sensor also showed reliable detection performance in real water samples.

Clivia biosensor: Soil moisture identification based on electrophysiology signals with deep learning

Research has shown that plants have the ability to detect environmental changes and generate electrical signals in response. These electrical signals can regulate the physiological state of plants and produce corresponding feedback. This suggests that plants have the potential to be used as biosensors for monitoring environmental information. However, there are current challenges in linking environmental information with plant electrical signals, especially in collecting and classifying the corresponding electrical signals under soil moisture gradients. This study documented the electrical signals of clivia under different soil moisture gradients and created a dataset for classifying electrical signals. Subsequently, we proposed a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model (PlantNet) for classifying the electrical signal dataset. Compared to traditional CNN models, our model achieved optimal classification performance with the lowest computational resource consumption. The model achieved an accuracy of 99.26%, precision of 99.31%, recall of 92.26%, F1-score of 99.21%, with 0.17M parameters, a size of 7.17MB, and 14.66M FLOPs. Therefore, this research provides scientific evidence for the future development of plants as biosensors for detecting soil moisture, and offers insight into developing plants as biosensors for detecting signals such as ozone, PM2.5, Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), and more. These studies are expected to drive the development of environmental monitoring technology and provide new pathways for better understanding the interaction between plants and the environment.

Impedance Characteristics of Berea Sandstone Cores in the Process of CO<sub>2</sub> Injection Displacement with Saturated Brine

As an important means of CO<sub>2</sub> geological storage leakage monitoring, resistivity monitoring technology is of great significance to the safety and stability of CCUS project. In order to study the electrical signal response rule of the evolution of CO<sub>2</sub> saturation in the reservoir, a joint core displacement experiment system of electrochemical impedance analysis and microfocus X-ray CT was designed and constructed to simulate the process of CO<sub>2</sub> displacement of brine in Berea sandstone cores under stratigraphic temperature and pressure conditions. The electrochemical impedance characteristics of the core-fluid system are analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results show that at lower temperature and pressure, it is more difficult for CO<sub>2</sub> to invade the pore space occupied by the brine in situ, resulting in drastic changes in CO<sub>2</sub> plane saturation along the displacement direction. With the increase of temperature and pressure, the CO<sub>2</sub> saturation curve becomes smoother and the migration and displacement front becomes even. The Cole equivalent circuit model is used to describe the conduction mode of AC electrical signals inside the core, and the electrochemical impedance characteristic analysis focusing on the high frequency region shows that the system impedance increases with the increase of CO<sub>2</sub> saturation, and decreases with the increase of scanning frequency. In addition, the changes of impedance characteristics in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy not only reflect the pore structure characteristics of the core, but also reveal the evolution law of CO<sub>2</sub> saturation in the porous medium. With the increase of CO<sub>2</sub> saturation, the low pore space is gradually occupied by CO<sub>2</sub>, and the residual brine connectivity of the pore space as a conductive component decreases. The decrease of the internal conductive circuit leads to the rapid increase of the impedance, which is consistent with the change of resistance and capacitance when fitting the Cole equivalent circuit model.

Ultra-light, ultra-resilient and ultra-flexible, multifunctional composite carbon nanofiber aerogel for physiological signal monitoring and hazard warning in extreme environments

The emergence of multimodal wearable flexible self-powered electronic devices undoubtedly plays a positive role in areas such as healthcare and energy. However, the preparation of three-dimensional elastic bodies suitable for humidity, temperature, and pressure sensing often involves complex fabrication processes, internal network discontinuities, and difficulties in achieving applications in extreme environments. In this paper, a one-step preparation of three-dimensional fluffy and interlayer porous nanofiber precursors is achieved using direct electrostatic spinning technology. Subsequently, high-temperature calcination and in situ polymerization processes were used to obtain multifunctional composite carbon nanofiber aerogels (MCCNA), which are characterized by ultra-lightness, super elasticity, three-dimensional fluffiness, and interlayer porousness, and are suitable for extreme environments. The ultra-light (53.67 mg cm−3) MCCNA can accurately detect humidity signals over an extremely wide range (10 %RH to 95 %RH), with a minimum temperature response time of 0.5 K. Its pressure response time is only 20 ms, and even after 5000 cycles of pressure loading, it still maintains a stable electrical signal response. Most notably, through demonstration, MCCNA can monitor the actions of firefighters in high-temperature and complex situations such as fires. Furthermore, it can monitor and provide high-temperature warnings for the temperature thresholds in the microenvironment of firefighting suits. The developed self-powered flexible wearable electronic device holds outstanding prospects for applications in healthcare, energy, and extreme conditions.

Three-dimensional triboelectric nanogenerator manufacturing using water transfer printing

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely studied due to their efficient energy harvesting capabilities and fast electrical response signals. In this study, a processing method based on water transfer printing (WTP) is developed for preparing TENG devices with three-dimensional (3D) structures. With this method, electrodes and ink layers can be integrated onto a variety of 3D objects to form a one-piece structure, which offers advantages including application to 3D surfaces, abrasion resistance, handling ease, adaptability, and decorativeness. The process istaken to prepare a 5 × 5 cm2 single-electrode TENG (IF-TENG), with FEP serving as the negative triboelectric layer and ink serving as the positive triboelectric layer. The TENG’s open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 184 V and 1.53 μA, respectively. Additionally, a door handle TENG (DH-TENG) device has been built for practical application demonstrations. The DH-TENG device is used in wireless alarm systems that prevent children from accidentally ingesting medication. It is also used in self-powered guidance systems that illuminate LED arrow lights to help the elderly or children at night. Seamless integration of 3D surface TENG devices using WTP is expected to have applications in smart home systems, smart transportation and security, wearable electronics, and energy harvesting.

Equivalent network modeling of eddy-current transfer functions

The use of eddy-current techniques as a measurement method for material characterization instead of simple fault detection requires transformation of the electrical response signals to quantifiable physical parameters that correlate with material properties. Apart from calibration-curve methods, exact approaches that correctly represent all interactions between excitation field and response field are computationally intensive and not well suited to real-time application. In this work, an equivalent circuit network model is constructed and its analytical equation for the voltage transfer function is derived. This model is then implemented in a soft sensor system. Finally, measurement results from various materials with different electromagnetic properties are presented.

High-Performance Flexible Ionically Conductive Superhydrophobic Papers via Deep Eutectic Polymer-Enhanced Interfacial Interactions.

Endowing paper with highly flexible, conductive, and superhydrophobic properties will effectively expand its applications in fields such as green packaging, smart sensing, and paper-based electronics. Herein, a multifunctional superhydrophobic paper is reported in which a highly flexible transparent conductive substrate is prepared by introducing a hydrophobic deep eutectic polymer into the ethylcellulose network via a matrix swelling-polymerization strategy, and then the substrate is modified using fluorinated silica to impart superhydrophobicity. By introducing soft deep eutectic polymers, (1) the superhydrophobic paper can efficiently dissipate energy during deformation, (2) intrinsically ion-conducting deep eutectic polymers can endow the material with good electrical sensing properties, and (3) meanwhile, enhanced interfacial interactions can anchor inorganic particles, thereby improving the coating stability. The prepared superhydrophobic paper has an ultrahigh water contact angle (contact angle ≈ 162.2°) and exhibits a stable electrical response signal to external deformation/pressure, and the electrical properties are almost unaffected by external water molecules. In addition, the superhydrophobic paper was able to withstand 5000 bending-recovery cycles at a large angle of 150°, exhibiting stable electrical performance. The design concepts demonstrated here will provide insights into the development of superhydrophobic paper-based flexible electronic devices.

Sensing the ocean electric fields via a self-supported CNT sponge

A self-supported CNT sponge is composed of uniformly twisted CNTs with high aspect ratio that enables the large specific surface area and good carrier conduction to go beyond the conventional carbon-based materials, shedding light on its high electrochemical activity in salt water. Herein, we demonstrate the comparable performance of the CNT sponge as the electrode pair to the most commonly used Ag/AgCl for sensing underwater electric fields. The CNT sponge electrodes exhibit a high electrochemical reactivity in salt water with a low noise of ∼10 nV/rt(Hz)@100 Hz within a wide range of the electric field frequency (e.g., 10–105 Hz), while the frequency response approaches a constant magnitude across the same range of frequency. The performance of the CNT sponge electrodes in ocean electric field sensing is further verified by measuring the electrical signal response curve at various characteristic frequencies within a small water container, and also under a simulated source within the water pool. The high chemical stability and low costs of carbon-based CNT sponges pave the way to their potential applications.

High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator of BTO-PVDF Nanofibers for Wearable Sensing.

Piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) produces stable electrical signals in response to external mechanical stimuli and holds promise in the fields of flexible sensors and smart wearable devices. In practice, a high-performance PENG with a straightforward structure and exceptional reliability is deeply desired. This study optimally synthesizes piezoelectric composites comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) incorporated with barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles (NPs) and fabricated a PENG with heightened sensitivity by using the electrospinning technique. The polar β-phase content of the dual-optimized BTO-PVDF (barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride) electrospun fiber reaches up to 82.39%. In the bending mode, it achieves a remarkable maximum open-circuit voltage of 19.152V, a transferred charge of 8.058 nC, and an output voltage per unit area of 2.128Vcm- 2. Under vertical pressure conditions, the BP-PENG exhibits an impressive voltage of 12.361V while the force is 2.156 N, demonstrating a notable pressure sensing sensitivity of 5.159VkPa-1, with an excellent linear relationship. Furthermore, the BP-PENG displays sensitive sensing features in monitoring hand movements. The sensitive response and high performance make it promising for applications in human motion monitoring and smart wearable devices.

Rapid Propagation of Ca2+ Waves and Electrical Signals in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

In response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, vascular plants transmit long-distance Ca2+ and electrical signals from localized stress sites to distant tissues through their vasculature. Various models have been proposed for the mechanisms underlying the long-distance signaling, primarily centered around the presence of vascular bundles. We here demonstrate that the non-vascular liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses a mechanism for propagating Ca2+ waves and electrical signals in response to wounding. The propagation velocity of these signals was approximately 1-2 mm s-1, equivalent to that observed in vascular plants. Both Ca2+ waves and electrical signals were inhibited by La3+ as well as tetraethylammonium chloride, suggesting the crucial importance of both Ca2+ channel(s) and K+ channel(s) in wound-induced membrane depolarization as well as the subsequent long-distance signal propagation. Simultaneous recordings of Ca2+ and electrical signals indicated a tight coupling between the dynamics of these two signaling modalities. Furthermore, molecular genetic studies revealed that a GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) channel plays a central role in the propagation of both Ca2+ waves and electrical signals. Conversely, none of the three two-pore channels were implicated in either signal propagation. These findings shed light on the evolutionary conservation of rapid long-distance Ca2+ wave and electrical signal propagation involving GLRs in land plants, even in the absence of vascular tissue.

Piezoelectric Nanomaterial‐Mediated Physical Signals Regulate Cell Differentiation for Regenerative Medicine

Tissue damage often causes considerable suffering to patients due to slow recovery and poor prognosis. The use of electroactive materials to deliver biophysical signals plays a key role in regulating tissue regeneration processes. Among these materials, piezoelectric materials have unique electromechanical conversion capabilities, making them suitable for use as cell scaffolds. They can deform and emit electrical signals in response to external stimuli, thereby regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, recent advances are presented in piezoelectric materials as physical signaling mediators that regulate cell differentiation. The basic mechanisms, classification of these materials, and their different applications in tissue regeneration are described. Finally, a comprehensive discussion of current challenges and prospects in the field is provided. Together, existing experimental results basically show that piezoelectric materials can improve the process and effect of tissue repair, providing new technical options for the development of tissue engineering in the future.

High powered output flexible aerogel triboelectric nanogenerator under ultrahigh temperature condition

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as promising devices for harvesting low-frequency energy, but its application in high-temperature environments is limited. In this article, a flexible high-temperature resistant fiber substrate material was developed using needled felt and silicon aerogel. This material demonstrated exceptional resistance, withstanding exposure to a butane flame at approximately 1300 ℃ for a minimum of 10 min without experiencing burn-through. Following the application of electrodes and protective encapsulating, a high-temperature resistant silicon aerogel and fiber felts based triboelectric nanogenerator (HTFs-TENG) was successfully created. In addition, we achieved remarkable enhancements in the electrical output performance of the HTFs-TENG by precisely regulating its dielectric properties, resulting in an impressive increase in peak voltage from 17 V to 135 V. The current output increased from 1.4 μA to 6 μA. The HTFs-TENG demonstrated remarkable adaptability, operating effectively at temperatures as high as 275 ℃ and as low as approximately − 75 ℃. Moreover, it showcased an instantaneous power density output of 31.9 mW/m2 under a 100 MΩ resistance load. The HTFs-TENG displayed impressive electrical signal response capabilities at ultralow frequencies (≤1 Hz) across various temperatures and frequencies, positioning it as an ideal self-powered vibration sensor and temperature sensor for diverse generator applications.

Electrical responsiveness of carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotube cross-linked composite anti-fouling membranes to organic pollutants

Protein has been identified as one of the major membrane foulants in wastewater treatment and reclamation applications. The specific molecular configuration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) impedes electron transfer at the interface, resulting in poor electrochemical signal, and is often used as a blocker for electrochemical biosensors. To improve the precision and speed of fouling detection, the study proposes integrating the electrical properties with the organic fouling process of the membrane to provide the BSA fouling electrical response signal. The unique electrical properties of carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) were introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes using a pre-coating method. The conductive coated layer of O-MWCNT facilitates real-time observation of membrane fouling and enables timely cleaning of the membrane to improve fouling resistance. To improve the loading and binding strength of the O-MWCNTs, phenylenediamine (MXAD) was utilized as a cross-linking agent, which improved the composite membrane's overall performance and decreased the membrane's resistance from 1.33 × 106 Ω–37.91 Ω. The electrical signal received from the four-probe resistivity meter showed a response to the fouling level. The combined comparison of the normalized flux and electrical signal trends resulted in a more visual, rapid, sensitive, and accurate indication of membrane BSA fouling, which paves the way for the detection of electrical BSA fouling and subsequent cleaning and reuse of the separation membranes.

Microphase-Separated Elastic and Ultrastretchable Ionogel for Reliable Ionic Skin with Multimodal Sensation.

Bioinspired artificial skins integrated with reliable human-machine interfaces and stretchable electronic systems have attracted considerable attention. However, the current design faces difficulties in simultaneously achieving satisfactory skin-like mechanical compliance and self-powered multimodal sensing. Here, this work reports a microphase-separated bicontinuous ionogel which possesses skin-like mechanical properties and mimics the multimodal sensing ability of biological skin by ion-driven stimuli-electricity conversion. The ionogel exhibits excellent elasticity and ionic conductivity, high toughness, and ultrastretchability, as well as a Young's modulus similar to that of human skin. Leveraging the ion-polymer interactions enabled selective ion transport, the ionogel can output pulsing or continuous electrical signals in response to diverse stimuli such as strain, touch pressure, and temperature sensitively, demonstrating a unique self-powered multimodal sensing. Furthermore, the ionogel-based I-skin can concurrently sense different stimuli and decouple the variations of the stimuli from the voltage signals with the assistance of a machine-learning model. The ease of fabrication, wide tunability, self-powered multimodal sensing, and the excellent environmental tolerance of the ionogels demonstrate a new strategy in the development of next-generation soft smart mechano-transduction devices.

Spatial hetero-structured composites with ultrawide linear range for positive-negative pressure sensing and e-skin of bionic fish

For impelling practical applications of flexible sensors or electronic skins, it is challenging and urgent to fabricate multifunctional flexible mechanical sensors with good linearity over a wide working range in an economical and scalable manner. Currently, it is immensely difficult to simultaneously detect tension, pressure and bending with high linearity over a wide strain range by using one film without sensor integration. Herein, we present a porous flexible mechanical sensor with a spatial electron transport network consisting of ethylene-α-octene random copolymer (ORC) elastic skeleton with surface embedded carbon black (CB) and carbon fiber (CF) bridges. Such an interesting spatial hetero-structure can shunt the electron transport effectively to regulate the resistance change of the sensor during strain loading, resulting in linear electrical signal response to mechanical deformation for a tensile strain up to 320% and a pressure up to 1.3 MPa, as well as a bending angle ranging from− 90 o to 90 o, respectively. Besides, it shows the detection capability of ambient pressure ranging from −0.09 MPa to 0.4 MPa continuously. Such a multifunctional film sensor with ultrawide linear working range demonstrates potential applications for monitoring body motions of athletics and underwater soft robots.

Seconds Timescale Synthesis of Highly Stretchable Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Wound Closure and Epidermal Strain Sensor.

Effective wound healing is critical for patient care, and the development of novel wound dressing materials that promote healing, prevent infection, and are user-friendly is of great importance, particularly in the context of point-of-care testing (POCT). This study reports the synthesis of a hydrogel material that can be produced in less than 10 s and possesses antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, as well as the ability to inhibit the growth of eukaryotic cells, such as yeast. The hydrogel is formed wholly based on covalent-like hydrogen bonding interactions and exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with the ability to stretch up to more than 600% of its initial length. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrates ultra-fast self-healing properties, with fractures capable of being repaired within 10 s. This hydrogel can promote skin wound healing, with the added advantage of functioning as a strain sensor that generates an electrical signal in response to physical deformation. The strain sensor composed of a rubber shell realizes fast and responsive strain sensing. The findings suggest that this hydrogel has promising applications in the field of POCT for wound care, providing a new avenue for improved patient outcomes.