Electrical Resistivity Of Nickel Research Articles

Influence of the chromium concentration on structure formation in liquid chromonickel alloys

The electrical resistivity of liquid nickel–chromium alloys is studied as a function of the temperature and concentration. Experimental data indicate that the dependence of the alloys’ electrical-resistance isotherms on the concentration is nonlinear. On the basis of the temperature and concentration dependence of the electrical resistivity of nickel and chromium alloys, the optimal conditions for the formation of microhomogeneous and equilibrium structure in the melt may be determined. The electrical-resistance isotherms of chromonickel alloys may be qualitatively explained on the basis of percolation theory and a quasi-chemical model of the microheterogeneous structure of molten metal alloys. The structure formation of chromonickel melts with increase in chromium concentration is characterized by the successive formation of clusters with different structure and dimensions.

Effects of temperature on Ni coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate modified with primer

In this work, the primer-printed and then self-assembled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheets were plated at 293–373 K. The effects of bath temperature on the structural and electrical properties of electroless nickel plating were investigated systematically using scanning electron microscopy and Hall measurements. Results showed the crystallographic structures of electroless nickel plating were face centered cubic, and the activation energy of reactions was 17.511 kJ/mol. The compactness of coating firstly enhanced from 293 to 333 K, and then reduced from 333 to 373 K. The preferential orientation of the coatings changes from (200) plane to (111) plane, the average Ni crystal size was increased from 0.24 to 1.04 μm, the average electromagnetic interference-shielding effectiveness of nickel-coated PET sheets was increased from 37.41 to 38.4 dB, and the surface electrical resistivity of nickel coating was reduced from 1110.3 to 0.13 ohm cm with increased of bath temperature. The changes in structural and electrical properties were most possibly due to the fact that the thickness of coating increased.

The electrical resistance of nickel and β-brass as a function of isobaric thermal deformation in ordered and disordered phases

Results are given of experimental investigations of electrical resistance and coefficient of thermal expansion of nickel and β-brass in the temperature range from 300 to 1050 K. It is found that the electrical resistivity of nickel and β-brass is directly proportional to relative thermal deformation in both ordered and disordered phases. It is demonstrated that a functional correlation exists between the respective order parameters and relative isobaric thermal deformation of lattices of these materials. Methods are given for estimating the contributions to the scattering of electrons by phonons and magnons, as well as by disturbances of atomic order in alloys.

Electron transfer and electrical resistance of nickel under high pressure up to 42 GPa

The electrical resistance of nickel was measured under static pressure up to 42 GPa. The results obtained below 5 GPa agree well with the hydrostatic data offered by Andersson et al., which were collected up to a maximum pressure of 5 GPa. A discontinuity in the resistance was observed at 28.8 GPa. The pressure-induced electron transfer and its effects on the electrical resistance of nickel are discussed.

Effect of chromium carbides on electrical resistivity of nickel based alloys by low temperature aging

Effect of chromium carbides on electrical resistivity of nickel based alloys by low temperature aging

Isobaric electrical resistance along the critical line in nickel: An experimental test of universality.

High-precision measurement of the electrical resistance of nickel along its critical line, a first attempt of this kind, as a function of pressure to 47.5 kbar is reported. Our analysis yields the values of the critical exponents α=α’=-0.115±0.005 and the amplitude ratios ‖A/A’‖=1.17±0.07 and ‖D/D’‖=1.2±0.1. These values are in close agreement with those predicted by renormalization-group (RG) theory. Moreover, this investigation provides an unambiguous experimental verification to one of the key consequences of RG theory that the critical exponents and amplitudes ratios are insensitive to pressure variation in nickel, a Heisenberg ferromagnet.

Electrical resistance of nickel in the range 300-725 K and 0-2 GPa.

The electrical resistance R of Ni has been measured as a function of temperature T and pressure p over the range 300–725 K and 0–2 GPa (0–20 kbar). In contrast to recent reports, we see no anomalie ...

Electrical Resistivity of Nickel, Cobalt and Their Alloys

The electrical resistivity of nickel, cobalt and their alloys has been measured in the temperature range from 4.2 to 1600 K. By using the s-d exchange-interaction constant and the numbers of conduction electrons and hole-carriers estimated in this study, the correlation between the magnetic resistivity and the ferromagnetism is discussed from the viewpoint of the scattering process due to the spin disorder containing not only the intraband s-s transition but also the interband s-d transition. It is pointed out that the hole-carrier, which is observed in the ordinary Hall effect or the resistivity due to the phonon scattering, plays a role of the probability of interband s-d transitions in the magnetic resistivity.

Evidence for a change in the Fermi surface of nickel across the magnetic transition

Abstract In this paper we present the first high-pressure high-temperature electrical resistivity measurements on nickel and iron. The electrical resistivity of nickel shows an anomalous behaviour under pressure, which can be explained qualitatively by assuming that the band structure changes on crossing the magnetic transition, thereby providing experimental evidence for Mott's conjecture that there is a significant Fermi surface change near the Curie temperature.

Heat capacity and electrical resistivity of nickel in the range 1300?1700 K measured with a pulse heating technique

Measurements of the heat capacity and electrical resistivity of nickel in the temperature range 1300–1700 K by a subsecond duration pulse heating technique are described. The results are expressed by the relations: $$\begin{gathered} C_p = 21.735 + 9.8200 \times 10^{ - 3} T \hfill \\ \rho = 18.908 + 2.3947 \times 10^{ - 2} T \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereC p is in J · mol−1·K−1,ρ is inμΩ·cm, andT is in K. Estimated maximum uncertainties in the measured properties are 3% for heat capacity and 1% for electrical resistivity.

Effect of hydrogen on the magnetic and phonon components of the relative change in electric resistance of nickel and iron

Effect of hydrogen on the magnetic and phonon components of the relative change in electric resistance of nickel and iron

Electrical Resistivity of Nickel Near the Curie Point

Emphasis is placed on the temperature dependence of the magnetic resistance ${R}_{\mathrm{mag}}$ in the region ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\ensuremath{\lesssim}|\ensuremath{\epsilon}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\frac{(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}{{T}_{c}}$. The temperature dependence of $\frac{d{R}_{\mathrm{mag}}}{\mathrm{dT}}$ is found to be the same, within experimental error, as that of the specific heat, both above and below ${T}_{c}$. The anomalous behavior in the region $0\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\lesssim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ reported by Craig, Goldburg, Kitchens, and Budnick is not observed.

The electrical resistivity of nickel and its alloys

The electrical resistivity has been measured over the temperature range 1 °K to 120 °K in dilute alloys of nickel with Pd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, V and Ti. The impurity (residual) resistivity is very small for alloys of nickel with its near neighbours in the periodic table, Pd, Cu, Co, Fe and Mn, but is an order of magnitude greater for alloys containing Cr, V and Ti. The ice-point values of the deviations from Matthiessen's rule are unusually large in the Ni-Co, Ni-Fe, Ni-Mn, and Ni-Cr alloys, somewhat smaller in the Ni-Cu, Ni-V and Ni-Ti alloys, and negligible in Ni-Pd.

Electrical Resistivity of Nickel at Low Temperatures

Measurements of the temperature dependence of the electrical magnetoresistivity of a nickel polycrystal are analyzed to find the resistivity at zero magnetic induction as a function of temperature. It is seen that quantitative differences occur between these data and data taken at zero applied field.

Change in the electrical resistance of nickel, irradiated by ?-particles, on annealing

The kinetic changes in the electrical resistance of nickel irradiated with 12.4-MeV α-particles on annealing at various temperatures were studied. At temperatures above 700°C, the kinetic curves first showed a rise and afterwards a fall in electrical resistance. This behavior corresponds to the usual laws governing the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions and is associated with the development of helium-filled pores.

Electrical Resistance of Nickel

By using the electronic structure of the Fermi surfaces of nickel, which was evaluated by the authors, and the observed phonon spectrum, the matrix elements of the electron-phonon interaction in nickel are calculated. Then, the absolute value of the electrical resistance is evaluated at 80°K and 1000°K without any adjustable parameters. The calculated value of the resistance is about three times larger than the observed one, without considering screening effects of electrons on the electron-phonon interaction. At low temperatures below 10°K the observed resistance is proportional to T 2 . Here, it is proposed that the conduction electron is scattered to the d -bands with opposite spin orientation by the exchange interaction. This type of interaction gives a resistance proportional to T 2 . Further, the resistance due to this mechanism is roughly estimated. The result seems to be reasonable, so far as the order of the magnitude is concerned.

Electrical Resistance of Nickel and Iron Wires as Affected by Longitudinal Magnetic Fields

In a paper on electrical resistance of nickel and permalloy wires as affected by longitudinal magnetization and tension. L. W. McKeehan pointed out that further investigation and discussion of some special questions regarding change of resistance of ferromagnetic substances in magnetic fields were highly desirable. In the present paper the following subjects are treated, partly on the basis hitherto unpublished measurements by the author. (1) Change of resistance in small fields. As the literature shows, the question whether this is independent of the magnetic history of the sample is not yet settled. Anomalies often observed are not real. (2) The early saturation of the magneto-resistance effect, a condition which is reached in considerably weaker fields with ferromagnetic bodied than with para- and diamagnetic bodies. An explanation on the basis of the electron theory is suggested.

Relation between Electrical Resistance and Energy of Magnetisation

IN a recent paper,1 Gerlach and Schneiderhan have described some experiments on the electrical resistance of nickel as a function of the temperature and as a function of a longitudinal external magnetic field. They have shown that in the absence of an external magnetic field there is, in addition to the normal linear change of resistance with temperature, a term which is directly proportional to the energy of spontaneous magnetisation. The accuracy with which this relation holds good for all temperatures up to the Curie point is very striking.

Electrical Resistance of Nickel and Permalloy Wires as Affected by Longitudinal Magnetization and Tension

The changes in the electrical resistance of ferromagnetic metals in magnetic fields and under mechanical stresses are abnormal in comparison with such changes in non-ferromagnetic metals. Published results for nickel and nickel-rich alloys, reviewed in detail, show wider diversity than can be ascribed to accident. A full bibliography is included.Simple cases of these magneto-resistance and elasto-resistance effects have been studied in permalloys containing from 45 to 90 percent nickel. The results of two series of experiments, in 1923 and 1929, are presented, and show that both effects have, in these ferromagnetic alloys, the same origin. This common origin can be considered as the orientation, by one means or the other, of atomic magnetic axes associated in each atom with mechanical asymmetry.The connection between these resistance effects and magnetostriction is emphasized. Conclusions are drawn as to the kinds of re-orientation involved in magnetizing and as to the relative importance in the observable effects of intra-atomic and interatomic magnetic fields. Questions for further experiment are raised.

III.—Magnetization and Resistance of Nickel Wire at High Temperatures

In a recent paper published in these Transactions I gave an account of certain experiments upon the change of electric resistance of nickel due to magnetization at different temperature up to 100·C.